F ro m p ercep tio n to actio n in atten tio n an d co g n itio n : Evid en ...
F ro m p ercep tio n to actio n in atten tio n an d co g n itio n : Evid en ...
F ro m p ercep tio n to actio n in atten tio n an d co g n itio n : Evid en ...
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F<strong>ro</strong>m p<strong>ercep</strong><strong>tio</strong>n <strong>to</strong> ac<strong>tio</strong>n <strong>in</strong> <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong><strong>tio</strong>n<br />
<strong>an</strong>d <strong>co</strong>gni<strong>tio</strong>n: <strong>Evid</strong><strong>en</strong>ce f<strong>ro</strong>m<br />
magne<strong>to</strong><strong>en</strong>cephalography.<br />
Pierre Jolicœur<br />
Ulysse Fortier<br />
Ni<strong>co</strong>las Robitaille<br />
B<strong>en</strong>oit Brisson<br />
Louis De Beaumont<br />
Émilie Lebl<strong>an</strong>c<br />
R<strong>en</strong>é Ma<strong>ro</strong>is<br />
Rober<strong>to</strong> Dell’Acqua<br />
Paola Sessa<br />
Isabelle Corriveau<br />
V<strong>in</strong>c<strong>en</strong>t Pomerleau<br />
Steph<strong>an</strong> Grimault<br />
Christ<strong>in</strong>e Lefebvre<br />
Patrick Bermudez<br />
Y<strong>an</strong>n Potiez<br />
Chris<strong>to</strong>phe G<strong>ro</strong>va<br />
Eli<strong>an</strong>e Kobayashi<br />
Je<strong>an</strong>-Marc L<strong>in</strong>a<br />
P<strong>in</strong>g Hei Lam<br />
Doug Cheyne<br />
Julio Matrt<strong>in</strong>ez-Trujillo<br />
Nathalie Bouloute<br />
MEG
Outl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
• Att<strong>en</strong><strong>tio</strong>n <strong>an</strong>d s<strong>en</strong>sory short-term<br />
memory (VSTM, ASTM, TSTM)<br />
• Selective <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong><strong>tio</strong>n ���visual search<br />
• C<strong>en</strong>tral <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong><strong>tio</strong>n �� multtitask<strong>in</strong>g deficits<br />
• Sem<strong>an</strong>tic p<strong>ro</strong>cess<strong>in</strong>g ���e.g., N400<br />
• EEG, MEG, fMRI, NIRS<br />
• MEG <strong>an</strong>d spatial <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong><strong>tio</strong>n<br />
• MEG <strong>an</strong>d VSTM<br />
• MEG <strong>an</strong>d ASTM<br />
• MEG <strong>an</strong>d TSTM<br />
• MEG <strong>an</strong>d Sem<strong>an</strong>tic P<strong>ro</strong>cess<strong>in</strong>g<br />
• Conclusions
Elect<strong>ro</strong><strong>en</strong>cephalography<br />
Magne<strong>to</strong><strong>en</strong>cephalography
·<br />
What side is the hole<br />
In the red square?
·<br />
What side is the hole<br />
In the red square?<br />
Contra<br />
Ipsi<br />
Contralateral Ipsilateral<br />
10<br />
10<br />
8<br />
8<br />
uV<br />
uV<br />
6<br />
6<br />
4<br />
4<br />
Ipsi<br />
2<br />
Contra<br />
2<br />
0<br />
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500<br />
-2<br />
0<br />
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500<br />
-2<br />
ms<br />
ms
SPCN<br />
10<br />
8<br />
uV<br />
N2pc<br />
6<br />
Contra<br />
Ipsi<br />
4<br />
10<br />
10<br />
Ipsi<br />
Contra<br />
8<br />
8<br />
uV<br />
uV<br />
6<br />
2<br />
6<br />
4<br />
4<br />
Ipsi<br />
2<br />
Contra<br />
0<br />
2<br />
0<br />
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500<br />
-2<br />
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500<br />
0<br />
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500<br />
-2<br />
ms<br />
ms<br />
ms<br />
-2
Differ<strong>en</strong>ce wave<br />
(<strong>co</strong>ntra - ipsi)<br />
uV<br />
SR<br />
1<br />
SPCN<br />
0.5<br />
0<br />
-0.5<br />
-1<br />
-1.5<br />
N2pc<br />
-2<br />
-2.5<br />
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500<br />
ms<br />
Brisson & Jolicœur, 2007<br />
W<strong>in</strong>dow: 180-260 ms
A<br />
D C<br />
B<br />
+<br />
N2pc SPCN<br />
0,5<br />
0<br />
-200 0 200 400 600<br />
-0,5<br />
Load 1<br />
-1<br />
-1,5<br />
Time w<strong>in</strong>dow:<br />
N2pc: 190-270 ms<br />
SPCN: 400-600 ms<br />
Load 2<br />
-2<br />
-2,5<br />
p > .13 p < .001<br />
Condi<strong>tio</strong>n X Compon<strong>en</strong>t : p < .005<br />
Jolicœur, Brisson, & Robitaille, 2008
Att<strong>en</strong><strong>tio</strong>nal Bl<strong>in</strong>k<br />
P<br />
D<br />
0.9<br />
T2<br />
X<br />
T2<br />
T1 Abs<strong>en</strong>t<br />
0.8<br />
M<br />
SOA<br />
L<br />
0.7<br />
H<br />
T1 Pres<strong>en</strong>t<br />
0.6<br />
Me<strong>an</strong> accuracy <strong>in</strong> Task 2<br />
T1<br />
A<br />
0.5<br />
C<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8<br />
LAG<br />
R<br />
T1<br />
W<br />
Joli<strong>co</strong>eur, 1999, JEP:HPP
Contralateral Experim<strong>en</strong>t m<strong>in</strong>us ipsilateral 4 -- T5/T6 differ<strong>en</strong>ce Elect<strong>ro</strong>de waveforms at P7-P8<br />
0.5 Contra- M<strong>in</strong>us Ipsi-Lateral Differ<strong>en</strong>ces<br />
Att<strong>en</strong>d, Lag 2<br />
0<br />
-0.5<br />
Att<strong>en</strong>d, Lag 8<br />
uV<br />
-1<br />
Ignore, Lag 8<br />
-1.5<br />
Ignore, Lag 2<br />
W<br />
W<br />
500<br />
-2<br />
-200 -100 0 100 200 300 400<br />
5<br />
8<br />
T2<br />
Time (ms)<br />
L<br />
Lag<br />
2<br />
T1<br />
A<br />
C<br />
R<br />
Joli<strong>co</strong>eur, Sessa, Dell’Acqua, & Robitaille (2006) Psychological Research<br />
Joli<strong>co</strong>eur, Sessa, Dell’Acqua, & Robitaille (2006) Eu<strong>ro</strong>pe<strong>an</strong> Journal of Cognitive Psychology<br />
Dell’Acqua, Sessa, Joli<strong>co</strong>eur, & Robitaille (2006) Psychophysiology<br />
B
N2pc <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong>uated by PRP <strong>in</strong>terfer<strong>en</strong>ce; SPCN delayed<br />
Visual display<br />
Tone SOA<br />
·<br />
·<br />
200, 430,<br />
926, or<br />
2000 Hz<br />
50 ms<br />
300, 650,<br />
or 1000 ms<br />
100 ms<br />
1<br />
N2pc 300 ms SOA<br />
0.5<br />
ms<br />
0<br />
-200 -0.5 0 200 400 600 800<br />
SPCN<br />
Susta<strong>in</strong>ed Posterior<br />
Contralateral Negativity<br />
-1<br />
Pool<br />
650 ms SOA<br />
P7/P8<br />
-1.5<br />
µV<br />
PO7/PO8<br />
-2<br />
O1/O2<br />
1000 ms SOA<br />
-2.5<br />
Brisson & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur, 2007a, b, c<br />
-3
300-1000 ms 400 ms 400-1100 ms 200 ms 1200 ms Until response Until next trial<br />
MLT22 MLC31 MRC31<br />
MRT22<br />
0.5 1<br />
0<br />
MRO24<br />
MLO24<br />
Load-4 Left<br />
100<br />
Load-2 Left<br />
Load-4 Left<br />
Load-2 Left<br />
50<br />
0<br />
fT<br />
Load-2 Right<br />
-50<br />
Load-4 Right<br />
Load-2 Right<br />
[400 – 1400 ms]<br />
Load-4 Right<br />
-100<br />
Robitaille, Grimault, & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur (2009)<br />
-30 0 30<br />
fT<br />
time (se<strong>co</strong>nds)."
50!<br />
Load-2 Right<br />
Load-4 Right<br />
-50!<br />
Load-4 Left<br />
50<br />
Load-2 Left<br />
0<br />
fT<br />
-50<br />
-15 0 15<br />
fT<br />
Load-2 Left<br />
Load-2 Right<br />
Load-4 Left<br />
Load-4 Right<br />
-0.2 0 0.5<br />
1<br />
S."<br />
Robitaille, Grimault, & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur (2009)
A) Load 4 Left – Load 2 Left!<br />
0! 1.71!<br />
Threshold = 1 nA!<br />
B) Load 4 Right – Load 2 Right!<br />
0! 2.33!<br />
Threshold = 1 nA!<br />
C) Interac<strong>tio</strong>n (fig. A – fig. B)!<br />
1.26!<br />
-1.26!<br />
Threshold = .5 nA!<br />
Robitaille, Grimault, & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur (2009)
Robitaille, Ma<strong>ro</strong>is, Todd,<br />
Grimault, Cheyne, &<br />
Joli<strong>co</strong>eur (2010)
Example stimulus <strong>in</strong>put. All Ts <strong>an</strong>d Ls have the same lum<strong>in</strong><strong>an</strong>ce, which<br />
bal<strong>an</strong>ces the <strong>in</strong>itial <strong>in</strong>put <strong>to</strong> visual <strong>co</strong>rtex ac<strong>ro</strong>ss left <strong>an</strong>d right visual field.<br />
With this stimulus <strong>an</strong>d the task <strong>to</strong> determ<strong>in</strong>e if one of the <strong>co</strong>loured items is <strong>an</strong><br />
upright T, one would observe a sequ<strong>en</strong>ce of ev<strong>en</strong>t-related lateraliza<strong>tio</strong>ns<br />
<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the Ppc, N2pc, Ptc, <strong>an</strong>d SPCN.<br />
+*<br />
Ppc (positivity, posterior <strong>co</strong>ntralateral, peak at about 155 ms): hypothesized <strong>to</strong><br />
reflect the crea<strong>tio</strong>n of <strong>an</strong> <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong><strong>tio</strong>nal sali<strong>en</strong>ce map ac<strong>ro</strong>ss the visual field. With this<br />
<strong>in</strong>put, the gre<strong>en</strong> T <strong>an</strong>d blue L st<strong>an</strong>d out f<strong>ro</strong>m grey Ts <strong>an</strong>d the black backg<strong>ro</strong>und.<br />
The degree of <strong>in</strong>flu<strong>en</strong>ce of <strong>to</strong>p down set <strong>an</strong>d search mode on on the Ppc are<br />
unknown.<br />
N2pc (negativity <strong>in</strong> N2 time r<strong>an</strong>ge, posterior <strong>co</strong>ntralateral, peak at about 250<br />
ms): hypothesized <strong>to</strong> reflect the <strong>en</strong>gagem<strong>en</strong>t of visual-spatial <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong><strong>tio</strong>n on a<br />
subset of stimuli. Competi<strong>tio</strong>n among targets <strong>an</strong>d distrac<strong>to</strong>rs, perhaps at <strong>an</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>itial spatial level, appears <strong>to</strong> modulate N2pc, but the mech<strong>an</strong>isms (<strong>an</strong>d ev<strong>en</strong><br />
direc<strong>tio</strong>n of effects) are under dispute.<br />
Ptc (positivity temporal <strong>co</strong>ntralateral, peak at about 330 ms): hypothesized <strong>to</strong><br />
reflect the <strong>in</strong>dividua<strong>tio</strong>n of <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong>ded stimuli <strong>an</strong>d <strong>co</strong>mpeti<strong>tio</strong>n among targets <strong>an</strong>d<br />
distrac<strong>to</strong>rs at a level that is p<strong>en</strong>etrable by the category membership of targets <strong>an</strong>d<br />
distrac<strong>to</strong>rs.<br />
SPCN (susta<strong>in</strong>ed posterior <strong>co</strong>ntralateral negativity, typically maximum after 360 ms<br />
<strong>an</strong>d is susta<strong>in</strong>ed th<strong>ro</strong>ugh differ<strong>en</strong>t dura<strong>tio</strong>ns that dep<strong>en</strong>d on the need for p<strong>ro</strong>cess<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>in</strong> VSTM): hypothesized <strong>to</strong> reflect the ma<strong>in</strong>t<strong>en</strong><strong>an</strong>ce of <strong>in</strong>forma<strong>tio</strong>n <strong>in</strong> VSTM, <strong>an</strong>d is<br />
modulated by the number of items <strong>in</strong> VSTM. The SPCN occurs ev<strong>en</strong> <strong>in</strong> tasks that are<br />
not memory tasks, per se, suggest<strong>in</strong>g that passage th<strong>ro</strong>ugh VSTM occurs dur<strong>in</strong>g the<br />
normal <strong>co</strong>urse of p<strong>ro</strong>cess<strong>in</strong>g stimuli requir<strong>in</strong>g detailed <strong>an</strong>alysis. The amplitude of<br />
the SPCN may also reflect opera<strong>tio</strong>ns performed on repres<strong>en</strong>ta<strong>tio</strong>ns held <strong>in</strong> VSTM.<br />
Bo+om9up*<strong>in</strong>flu<strong>en</strong>ces*st<strong>ro</strong>ngest*for*Ppc*<br />
<strong>an</strong>d*decrease*for*later*<strong>co</strong>mpon<strong>en</strong>ts**<br />
STCN (susta<strong>in</strong>ed temporal <strong>co</strong>ntralateral negativity), is found dur<strong>in</strong>g retrieval f<strong>ro</strong>m<br />
VSTM, has a more <strong>an</strong>terior scalp distribu<strong>tio</strong>n th<strong>an</strong> the SPCN <strong>an</strong>d likely <strong>in</strong>volves<br />
dist<strong>in</strong>ct neural g<strong>en</strong>era<strong>to</strong>rs. Very little is known about this very <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g ERL.<br />
Top9down*p<strong>en</strong>etra-on*st<strong>ro</strong>ngest*<br />
for*SPCN*<strong>an</strong>d*STCN,*<strong>an</strong>d*decrease*<br />
for*earlier*<strong>co</strong>mpon<strong>en</strong>ts**<br />
Lateralized*a+<strong>en</strong>-onal*<strong>co</strong>mpon<strong>en</strong>ts*revealed*f<strong>ro</strong>m*p<strong>ro</strong>cess<strong>in</strong>g*of*lateralized*targets.**
Figures Att<strong>en</strong><strong>tio</strong>n <strong>an</strong>d VSTM JOLICŒUR, Pierre<br />
($161,111)<br />
On each trial a display such as the one <strong>to</strong> the left<br />
was shown for 150 ms. Instruc<strong>tio</strong>ns were <strong>to</strong><br />
ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> fixa<strong>tio</strong>n on the c<strong>en</strong>tral c<strong>ro</strong>ss <strong>an</strong>d <strong>to</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>dicate the posi<strong>tio</strong>n of the hole <strong>in</strong> the square<br />
with a pre-designated <strong>co</strong>lour (e.g., the gre<strong>en</strong><br />
square). The four <strong>co</strong>lours were equated for<br />
lum<strong>in</strong><strong>an</strong>ce. Target <strong>co</strong>lour was <strong>co</strong>unterbal<strong>an</strong>ced<br />
ac<strong>ro</strong>ss subjects. ERP results for simult<strong>an</strong>eouslyre<strong>co</strong>rded<br />
EEG are shown below: Gr<strong>an</strong>d average<br />
<strong>co</strong>ntralateral m<strong>in</strong>us ipsilateral differ<strong>en</strong>ce waves,<br />
at PO7/PO8 (posterior elect<strong>ro</strong>de sites). MEG<br />
results are shown <strong>in</strong> Figure 4.<br />
Ppc<br />
1<br />
Ptc<br />
0<br />
-1<br />
-2<br />
-3<br />
-20 0 200 400 600 800 100<br />
0<br />
0<br />
Figure 3. MEG experim<strong>en</strong>t exam<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong><strong>tio</strong>nal responses while <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong>d<strong>in</strong>g <strong>to</strong> <strong>an</strong>d<br />
p<strong>ro</strong>cess<strong>in</strong>g lateralized stimuli, <strong>in</strong> lum<strong>in</strong><strong>an</strong>ce-bal<strong>an</strong>ced displays. MEG signals were re<strong>co</strong>rded<br />
us<strong>in</strong>g a 275-ch<strong>an</strong>nel CTF whole-head magne<strong>to</strong>meter, with simult<strong>an</strong>eous EEG, at Université<br />
de Montréal.<br />
Grimault, Brisson, Fortier-Gauthier & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur (2012)
SPCN<br />
Ptc<br />
N2pc<br />
Ppc<br />
0 200 400 600 800 Time, ms<br />
-20<br />
0<br />
Figure 4. MEG experim<strong>en</strong>t exam<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong><strong>tio</strong>nal responses while <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong>d<strong>in</strong>g <strong>to</strong> <strong>an</strong>d<br />
p<strong>ro</strong>cess<strong>in</strong>g lateralized stimuli, <strong>in</strong> lum<strong>in</strong><strong>an</strong>ce-bal<strong>an</strong>ced displays. Gr<strong>an</strong>d average MEG ev<strong>en</strong>trelated<br />
fields for <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong><strong>tio</strong>n <strong>to</strong> the <strong>to</strong>p-left stimulus m<strong>in</strong>us <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong><strong>tio</strong>n <strong>to</strong> the <strong>to</strong>p-right<br />
stimulus, s<strong>en</strong>sor maps, <strong>an</strong>d <strong>co</strong>rrespond<strong>in</strong>g sources based on erSAM, <strong>co</strong>rrected for multiple<br />
<strong>co</strong>mparisons (p < .05, except PpcMEG , p < .005 un<strong>co</strong>rrected). N = 12.<br />
Grimault, Brisson, Fortier-Gauthier & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur (2012)
2000-ms<br />
sil<strong>en</strong>t<br />
ret<strong>en</strong><strong>tio</strong>n<br />
<strong>in</strong>terval<br />
White noise<br />
(100 ms)<br />
(a)<br />
time<br />
100 ms sil<strong>en</strong>t<br />
<strong>in</strong>terval<br />
(b)<br />
100-ms non-musical <strong>to</strong>nes<br />
(c)<br />
Memory test<br />
sequ<strong>en</strong>ce (no<br />
white noise)<br />
Bra<strong>in</strong> activity<br />
<strong>an</strong>alysed dur<strong>in</strong>g<br />
this <strong>in</strong>terval<br />
Equival<strong>en</strong>t stimula<strong>tio</strong>n <strong>in</strong> all<br />
load <strong>co</strong>ndi<strong>tio</strong>ns<br />
Lefebvre, Vachon, Grimault, Guimond, Peretz, Za<strong>to</strong>ree, & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur (2012)
Results: Average waveforms AFz<br />
Cont<strong>ro</strong>l<br />
Ret<strong>en</strong><strong>tio</strong>n Interval<br />
‘Load’ 2<br />
‘Load’ 4<br />
‘Load’ 6<br />
µV<br />
2<br />
0<br />
Memory<br />
Load 2<br />
-2<br />
Load 4<br />
Load 6<br />
-4<br />
-6<br />
-8<br />
-10<br />
-12<br />
ms<br />
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500<br />
-500<br />
-1000<br />
First sequ<strong>en</strong>ce Se<strong>co</strong>nd sequ<strong>en</strong>ce<br />
Lefebvre, Vachon, Grimault, Guimond, Peretz, Za<strong>to</strong>ree, & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur (2012)
LOAD 0<br />
Grimault, Lefebvre, Vachon, Peretz, Za<strong>to</strong>ree, Hyde, Robitaille & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur (2012)
LOAD 0<br />
LOAD 2<br />
LOAD 4<br />
Grimault, Lefebvre, Vachon, Peretz, Za<strong>to</strong>ree, Hyde, Robitaille & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur (2012)
t=1.5s<br />
Load4 m<strong>in</strong>us load 0<br />
t=1.5s<br />
MRT32<br />
272<br />
p < .0009<br />
F =9.54<br />
MLT41<br />
148<br />
p < .019<br />
F=4.67<br />
Load4 m<strong>in</strong>us load 2<br />
MRC14<br />
164<br />
p < .08<br />
F=2.77<br />
MLP57<br />
128<br />
p < .00001<br />
F=16.98<br />
Grimault, Lefebvre, Vachon, Peretz, Za<strong>to</strong>ree, Hyde, Robitaille & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur (2012)
GLM MEG only reg on suj by suj (0 K2 K4), p < .05 <strong>co</strong>rrected<br />
R<strong>an</strong>dom field theory: threshold t=3.45, cluster size = 68 (177)<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
5<br />
1<br />
-5<br />
1) -64 -25 -5 Middle temporal gyrus BA21 (TAL -63 -24 -3)<br />
2) -58 -13 22 Post c<strong>en</strong>tral gyrus BA43 - BA4 - BA6 (TAL -57 -12 21)<br />
3) -56 0 42 Middle f<strong>ro</strong>ntal, prec<strong>en</strong>tral gyrus BA6 – BA9 – BA8 (TAL -55 2 39)<br />
4) 49 1 25 Middle/<strong>in</strong>ferior f<strong>ro</strong>ntal gyrus BA9 – BA46 – BA44 (TAL 49 2 23)<br />
Grimault, Lefebvre, Vachon, Peretz, Za<strong>to</strong>ree, Hyde, Robitaille & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur (2012)
AIRES COMMUNES<br />
Dilat all mask<br />
GLM fMRI 19 suj reg on K suj by suj (K1 K3 K5)<br />
GLM MEG13 suj reg on K suj by suj (K0 K2 K4)<br />
C) MEG<br />
A) MEG 5<br />
B) fMRI<br />
11<br />
8 8<br />
9<br />
9<br />
2<br />
1 10 -5<br />
2<br />
10<br />
1<br />
3 3<br />
D) fMRI<br />
7<br />
7<br />
6<br />
11<br />
6<br />
12<br />
12<br />
Grimault, Lefebvre, Vachon, Peretz, Za<strong>to</strong>ree, Hyde, Robitaille & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur (2012)
100 ms<br />
1800-ms<br />
ret<strong>en</strong><strong>tio</strong>n<br />
<strong>in</strong>terval<br />
100 ms<br />
Stimula<strong>to</strong>rs<br />
over distal<br />
phal<strong>an</strong>ges<br />
Stimula<strong>to</strong>rs<br />
over middle<br />
phal<strong>an</strong>ges<br />
Fortier-Gauthier, Grimault, Cheyne, & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur (2012)
Example susta<strong>in</strong>ed MEG load-related response <strong>in</strong> the tactile memory experim<strong>en</strong>t<br />
0,4<br />
Memory task<br />
Load 4<br />
Load 3<br />
Load 2<br />
Load 1<br />
1000 ms 3000 ms<br />
-0,4<br />
-0,8<br />
Fortier-Gauthier, Grimault, Cheyne, & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur (2012)
Vachon & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur, JoCN, <strong>in</strong> press
Vachon & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur, JoCN, <strong>in</strong> press
L<strong>an</strong>guage-specific Cortex<br />
Differ<strong>en</strong>ce wave show<strong>in</strong>g a clear MEG equival<strong>en</strong>t <strong>to</strong> the N400 response (differ<strong>en</strong>tcategory<br />
response m<strong>in</strong>us same-category response).<br />
MEG N400 response<br />
Magnetic field pattern for the N400 response:<br />
shows a bilateral pattern with a somewhat<br />
st<strong>ro</strong>nger response over the left hemisphere<br />
490 ms<br />
0 ms<br />
Kobayashi, G<strong>ro</strong>va, Kle<strong>in</strong>, L<strong>in</strong>a, & Joli<strong>co</strong>eur
Conclusions<br />
• MEG is particularly useful for the<br />
study of <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong><strong>tio</strong>n <strong>an</strong>d perform<strong>an</strong>ce,<br />
sp<strong>an</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>en</strong>tire <strong>in</strong>teractive cha<strong>in</strong> of<br />
ev<strong>en</strong>ts bridg<strong>in</strong>g p<strong>ercep</strong><strong>tio</strong>n, <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong><strong>tio</strong>n,<br />
me<strong>an</strong><strong>in</strong>g, <strong>an</strong>d ac<strong>tio</strong>n
F<strong>ro</strong>m p<strong>ercep</strong><strong>tio</strong>n <strong>to</strong> ac<strong>tio</strong>n <strong>in</strong> <strong>att<strong>en</strong></strong><strong>tio</strong>n<br />
<strong>an</strong>d <strong>co</strong>gni<strong>tio</strong>n: <strong>Evid</strong><strong>en</strong>ce f<strong>ro</strong>m<br />
magne<strong>to</strong><strong>en</strong>cephalography.<br />
Pierre Jolicœur<br />
Ulysse Fortier<br />
Ni<strong>co</strong>las Robitaille<br />
B<strong>en</strong>oit Brisson<br />
Louis De Beaumont<br />
Émilie Lebl<strong>an</strong>c<br />
R<strong>en</strong>é Ma<strong>ro</strong>is<br />
Rober<strong>to</strong> Dell’Acqua<br />
Paola Sessa<br />
Isabelle Corriveau<br />
V<strong>in</strong>c<strong>en</strong>t Pomerleau<br />
Steph<strong>an</strong> Grimault<br />
Christ<strong>in</strong>e Lefebvre<br />
Patrick Bermudez<br />
Y<strong>an</strong>n Potiez<br />
Chris<strong>to</strong>phe G<strong>ro</strong>va<br />
Eli<strong>an</strong>e Kobayashi<br />
Je<strong>an</strong>-Marc L<strong>in</strong>a<br />
P<strong>in</strong>g Hei Lam<br />
Doug Cheyne<br />
Julio Matrt<strong>in</strong>ez-Trujillo<br />
Nathalie Bouloute<br />
MEG
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