Extruders - A Special Supplement from Rubber & Tyre Machinery World

Rubber & Tyre 

Knowledge On-The-Go Special Supplement 

Machinery 

http://rubbermachineryworld.com / http://tyremachineryworld.com 

World 

EXTRUDERS

| Editor’s Note | 

Extruders And Extrusion 

Rubber extruders have a varied field of application. 

So, when you come across a rubber profile, strip, 

hose, cable, wire, cord coating, tire tread, v-belt, 

tube, or blank remember that they are only a few 

handful of products manufactured using extrusion 

process. 

Rubber industry only had Hot Feed Extruders until 

1950’s. Then came the Cold Feed Extruders and 

other variations as we see them today. 

Life today is mostly spent trying to catch up with 

latest developments. However, in the process the 

basics and fundamentals are sometimes overlooked. 

In this issue, we bring to you a ‘collector’s edition’ 

on Extruders and Extrusion incorporating the 

fundamentals, that I hope will find space in your 

digital library. 

My sincere thanks to Dr. S. N. Chakravarty, President 

of Elastomer Technology Development Society, for 

his inputs with the material for this edition. 

As always, I welcome your feedback on 

rubbermachineryworld@gmail.com. 

Extruders and the 

process of Extrusion 

has different 

applications in the 

rubber and tyre 

industry. 

3 

Best Regards 

Prasanth Warrier 

rubbermachineri 

rubbermachineryworld 

+Rubbermachineryworld1 

grp/home?gid=8252803 

(Disclaimer: All the pictures and statements in this special supplement are sourced from web or shared by respective companies. 

All copyrights belong to actual owner. Rubber Machinery World does not independently verify them nor will vouch for their 

genuineness, hence will not be liable for any misrepresented data. The images are used here for representation purpose only.) 

rubbermachineri 

Rubber & Tyre Machinery World | FEB 2016

| EXTRUDERS | 

4 

Image of A Strainer Extruder - Pelmar Engineering Ltd. 


| EXTRUDERS | 

Your Extruders And Its Extrusion 

Process 

Prasanth Warrier 

With Inputs of Dr. S.N. Chakravarty 

5 

Rubber extruders have a varied field of 

application. So, when you come across a 

rubber profile, strip, hose, cable, wire, cord 

coating, tire tread, v-belt, tube, or blank 

remember that they are only a few handful 

of products manufactured using extrusion 

process. 

Introduction 

Extruders are machines, which shape rubber 

to a profiled strip by forcing it through a die. 

In the simplest form an extruder consists of 

four basic components viz. 


| EXTRUDERS | 

Image of A Ram Extrusion Line - Barwell 

6 

(a) a device system 

(b) a barrel 

(c) a ram or screw for forcing the rubber 

through the barrel and 

(d) a head holding the die which ultimately 

gives the desired shape. 

Ram extruders are not 

frequently used and are good 

for very specialized extrusions. 

The fundamental distinction between two 

types of extruders is in their mode of 

operation: 

1. Continuous: Delivers rubber in a 

continuous manner and has a rotating 

member or screw; here the pressure is 

produced by a screw. 

2. Discontinuous: Delivers rubber in an 

intermittent fashion and has a 

reciprocating ram or screw. These type 

of extruders are ideally suited for batch 

type processes such as injection 

moulding. 

Screw Type And Ram Type Extruders 

die is attached to cylinder and ram pushes 

the compound through the die to form a 

profiled section. 

Advantages: 

• Extrusion can be carried out at lower 

temperatures. 

• Difficult compounds can be extruded. 

• Easy to clean. 

• Useful to short runs. 

• Useful for compounds which need to be 

strained through gauge for quality 

products requiring completely 

contamination-free material. 

In Ram Extruders, a quantity of warm 

compound is placed into the cylinder, the 

Ram extruders are not frequently used and 

are good for very specialized extrusions. 


| EXTRUDERS | 

A Screw Extruder consists of five 

components viz. 

(a) Drive system 

(b) A feed hopper 

(c) A screw rotating within 

(d) A barrel 

(e) A head and die. 

The basic principle is that the screw carries 

material from the feed hopper by acting as a 

conveyor or a hump providing pressure to 

extrude or force the material along the 

machine barrel through the head and the 

die. 

The extruder drive system comprises of an 

AC or DC motor along with a reduction gear 

The basic principle is that the 

screw carries material from the 

feed hopper by acting as a 

conveyor. 

unit for power transmission. The extruder 

drive has to turn the screw at the desired 

speed. It should be able to maintain a 

constant screw speed because variations in 

screw speed will result in throughput 

fluctuation, which in turn will vary the 

dimensions of the extrudate. 

The purpose of the feed hopper is to receive 

material and pass it down to the flights of 

the screw. It is mostly supplied in the form 

of strip. 

8 

Image of A Screw Type Cold Feed Extruder - Pelmar Engineering Ltd. 


| EXTRUDERS | 

Extruder Screw 

The screw rotated within the Barrel, the 

usual clearance is approximately 0.40 mm. 

Normally, the barrel is fitted with a 

detachable liner in the form of a sleeve 

which is highly wear and corrosion resistant, 

made of hardened steel. The barrel is made 

double walled for steam or water circulation 

so that a constant temperature is maintained 

in the extruder head. 

A conventional extruder screw has three 

geometrically different sections. 

A conventional extruder screw 

has three geometrically 

different sections - Feed, 

Metering and Compression. 

compression section. In going from feed 

section towards the metering section, a 

compression of the material in the screw 

channel takes place, which is essential for 

the proper functioning of extruders. The 

compression streamlines flow, helps to 

eliminate air and also ensures a constant 

pressure in the head. 

9 

1. Feed section (closest to the feed opening) 

generally has deep flights and consists of 

approximately 1/5th of the length of the 

screw. The material in this section will 

mostly be in solid state. 

2. Metering section (closest to the die) 

usually has shallow flights and consists of 

approximately 2/5th of the length of the 

screw . The material in this section will 

mostly be in molten state. 

3. This section connects the feed section and 

the metering section, is called as 

Screws are made of steel alloy forging, heat 

treated to a machinable hardness and hard 

chrome plated. The flight lands are surface 

hardened to approximately 600 Brinnel. 

The screw is internally bored to facilitate 

water-cooling. 

The extrusion process has to be effective. 

What does this mean to you? Your extruded 

profile temperature must be within 

required limits to prevent scorching. 


| EXTRUDERS | 

The key screw design elements are Pitch, 

Flights and Core Diameter. 

Reputed manufacturers offer 

different screw designs. 

Flights: The built up part in between 

which the rubber compound traverses. 

Pitch: Distance between two consecutive 

flights 

Core Diameter: Diameter of the Core 

Shaft 

Each manufacture has their own design of 

screw. However, the basic function remain 

same. An adjustment can be made for 

volume occupied by the flight lands. Screw 

design has a direct bearing on out put and 

quality of Extrudate. Output rate depends 

upon the screw design and geometry of 

extrudate. 

In general, you could increase output by 

either or a combination of the following 

- Decrease the Flights 

- Increase the Pitch 

- Increase the Core Diameter 

Reputed manufacturers offer different 

screw designs to process your specific 

rubber compound requirements. One of the 

basic characteristics of all the extrusion 

process is the clearance between Barrel and 

screw. This is generally 

permitted to a limit in order to control 

• porosity 

• extrusion temperature 

10 

Schematic of a screw inside barrel and the different terms. Image from Web. 

Core Diameter 


| EXTRUDERS | 

Image: VMI 

12 

Extruders are usually designated by the 

diameter of the extruder barrel. The ratio 

of relative output of extruders varies as 

the square of the screw diameter . Thus 

the output of a 60 mm extruder will be 2.2 

times that of a 40 mm extruder. 

The extruder is operated in such a manner 

so that temperature is gradually more from 

feed to discharge, the die being the hottest 

part. 

When you choose a extruder, 

you should discuss the design, 

material technology and 

manufacturing accuracy. 

The length of a rubber extruder depends on 

whether it is a hot feed or cold feed type. 

Hot feed extruders are usually very short 

about 3D to 5D while cold feed ones range 

from 12D to 24D. 

Hot Feed Extruder (HFE) 

When you choose a rubber extruder, you 

should deliberate and discuss extensively 

upon the design, material technology and 

manufacturing accuracy of screw, barrel 

and die-head. 

Very few manufacturers world-wide can 

guarantee you a well-designed and 

precisely manufactured rubber extruder. 

An additional designation often used is the 

length to diameter (L/D) ratio . This is an 

important factor in the selection of 

extruders to match process requirements. 

Rubber industry only had Hot Feed 

Extruders until 1950’s. HFE’s extrude your 

rubber compounds at reduced 

temperatures. 

The screw depth of a HFE is relatively 

larger and you get a consistent output due 

to its short screw design. L/D ratio is mostly 

in the range of 4:1 to 6:1 which keeps your 

rubber compound dwell time and its 

temperature increase to a minimum. 

In many cases the screw has increasing 

pitch. 


| EXTRUDERS | 

Each HFE has an hopper and feed roller 

section with spiral undercut liner that 

allows your compound to enter the 

extruder easily. The feed roller on a hot 

feed extruder allows your compound to 

pass the scraper knife, directed around the 

roll and then fed back into the hopper. The 

feed roll bearings are placed in positions to 

prevent contamination. You can vary the 

output by changing the screw speed using 

variable speed drives. 

In most cases, the screw has decreasing 

pitch. The screw has increasing root 

diameter with more flight depth at feed end 

which increase from feed to discharge. And 

of course, there are various other designs 

available. 

You can discuss with your manufacturer 

and avail various options of screws for a 

wide range of compound and extrusion 

applications. 

14 

Despite these advantages, the HFE’s are 

getting outdated in many applications. 

Because the rubber that is fed into a Hot 

Feed Extruder needs to be pre-heated or 

warmed using two-roll mills to achieve the 

required degree of viscosity and 

temperature that facilitates smooth flow of 

rubber, its compaction and extrusion 

through the die. 

And that made experts consider Cold Feed 

Extruders. 

Cold Feed Extruder (CFE) 

The output of an extruder is dependent on 

size of extruder i.e. the ratio of L/D. 

First estimate of out put is expressed as : 

Output = A (L/2) x R x d 

A = Cross sectional area of extruder 

L = Lead Length 

R = Revolution per minute 

d = density of rubber 

Generally these exists a liner relationship 

between RPM & output 

Cold Feed Extruders are designed and 

manufactured with specially designed 

screws best suited for cold feeding of 

rubber. 

While manufacturers offer L/D ratio up to 

24:1, the most preferred by end-users is 

generally in the range 12:1 to 18:1. 

For feeding the cold rubber, it is 

recommended that you use a feeding 

conveyor with metal detector to remove 

metal particles. This avoids damage to the 

screw or barrel. In some plants, the 

Image of Hot Feed & Cold Feed Extruder Screws 


| EXTRUDERS | 

15 

Image from Web: Feeding conveyor with Metal Detector 

For feeding the cold rubber, it is recommended that you use a 

feeding conveyor with metal detector to remove metal particles. 

Image from Web: A Set of Compact TCU’s 

below Cold Feed Extruder. 

sensitivity of the metal detector is 

found to be calibrated to a low value 

that it virtually renders the detector 

useless. 

Every CFE comes with a Temperature 

Controller Unit (TCU) that controls the 

barrel temperature so that the shape 

and size of the extruded products are 

uniform. 


| EXTRUDERS | 

The different Cold Feed Extruders (CFE) 

and their uses are: 

Plain Barrel Type Cold Feed Extruder: 

These CFE’s as the name suggests have a 

plain barrel and used in manufacturing of 

hoses, blanks, fluorocarbon rubber, butyl 

rubber, etc. 

Pin Barrel Type Cold Feed Extruder: 

These are equipped with metallic pins fixed 

along the circumference in full length of 

screw. These pins enhance the mixing and 

dispersion of your rubber as it is kneaded 

between the barrel and screw. And the 

The flexibility in Pin Type Cold 

Feed Extruders endears to all 

making it a ‘Universal Extruder’ 

for many rubber formulations. 

result is processed rubber with outstanding 

homogeneity and extrudate quality. The 

number of pins may be optimised by 

process and if required pins from last zone 

i.e. towards head may be blocked. These 

pins are generally 8 to 10 in circumference. 

For example, in 10 rows you will have 8x10 

=80 pins protruding out of the barrel 

towards the screw center. 

16 

Image from Web: Pin Barrel Type Cold Feed Extruder 


| EXTRUDERS | 

18 

Image Of Quadruplex. 

Source: Canmade 

This flexibility in Pin Type Cold Feed 

Extruders endears to all making it a 

‘Universal extruder’ for many rubber 

compound formulations involving varied 

applications. Hard rubber compounds also 

can be processed because of high extruder 

torque. 

Vent Type Cold Feed Extruder 

Vent type or vacuum type extruders were 

developed for production of non-porous 

profiles and hoses. These CFE’s have a 

custom-built screw, and a degassing barrel 

with a vacuum pump attached to vent 

bubbles out of extruded compounds. 

Multiplex lines of piggy-back 

type have compact construction. 

Co-extrusion 

Customer-specific customization and usage 

complexity demands led to the introduction 

of co-extrusion for manufacturing of 

various profiles. And so you today have 

Simplex, Multiplex (Duplex, Triplex, 

Quadruplex, and Quintuplex) and Roller 

Head technology. Multiplex lines of piggyback 

type of 2,3,4, and 5 layers have a 

compact construction. 


| EXTRUDERS | 

20 

Roller-Head-Extruder 

Roller Head Technology involves a 

combination of extruder with preform head 

and two-roll calender. They offer twin 

advantages of – high uniformity of the 

material thickness over the entire sheet 

width with absence of air traps even at 

higher thicknesses (~20mm thick as against 

conventional calender lines that give max 

3mm thick sheets with or without air traps) 

and excellent homogeneity of the material 

produced. 

Both these characteristics are important for 

high-quality rubber products such as tire 

components, V-belts, conveyor belts, tank 

linings, cover sheets, blank sheets and 

roofing sheets. For even thickness across 

the entire sheet width of the roller head, 

there are three options that can be used 

alone or in combination with one another – 

roll crowning, roll crossing or roll bending, 

that will compensate for the elastic 

deflection of rolls. 

In today’s world you will see that usages of 

these technologies are overlapped. For 

example, in tire industry, you can notice 

that 

- Tread & Sidewall are extruded using 

Simplex, Duplex, Triplex, Quadruplex 

Lines 

- Apex are extruded using through Simple 

and Duplex. 

- Inner Liner are extruded using Simple, 

Duplex & Roller Head Technology. 

Image: KraussMafei Berstoff 


| EXTRUDERS | 

Image: Bharaj Make Cold Feed Extrusders equipped with Co-Extrusion Head 

21 

Extruder Head and Die Design 

The key to the extrusion is the extruder 

head that transforms the shape of the 

rubber while leaving the barrel to 

produce a dimensionally accurate and 

stable profile. 

The purpose of extruder Head is to 

equalise the pressure from the screw and 

barrel andto transport the compound 

smoothly at equal pressures and speed to 

the die. 

The purpose of Die is to give the compound 

the desired shape. The extrudates shrink 

along their length and increase in thickness 

and width, the behavior being termed ‘die 

swell’ which depends upon 

(i) rheological characteristics compound 

(ii) shape of head and extrudate 

(iii) pressure in the head 

(iv) the head and compound temperatures. 

Generally die making and die design 

depends on experience, however a good 

control on compound properties gives 

better extrusion. 

It is necessary to get a swelling factor at 

each point of profile for a particular 

compound. This varies from centre of die to 

extreme ends. Die swell is defined as ratio 

of extrudate section & cross section of die. 


| EXTRUDERS | 

24 

Source: CGEC 

This depends on Polymer, Carbon type and 

PHR, Viscosity, Lead angle (Bevel) of die etc. 

Some of the die heads include: 

1) Straight Head / Tube Head for hoses 

(circular or square) and technical profiles. 

2) Cross Heads for hoses and technical 

profiles from one, two or three different 

compounds. 

3) Single Tread Heads for rubber profiles. 

4) Multiple Tread Heads (Piggy-back) for 

rubber profiles. 

5) Slit Tube Heads for producing sheets 

inexpensively. 

Die swell depends on Polymer, 

Carbon type and PHR, Lead angle 

of die, etc. 

6) Preform Heads for sheets and rubber 

profiles. 

7) Strainer Heads to strain raw rubber, 

rubber compounds and reclaim rubber. 

8) Pelletizer Heads to process rubber 

materials ground into granules. 

9) Pork chop Heads to produce granulated 

raw rubber. 


| EXTRUDERS | 

Your main goal of extrusion is to get the highest output 

at good quality of product within the safe temperature 

limits of the products. 

Image: Triplex Extruder. Source: Troester 

25 


| EXTRUDERS | 

Gear Box 

A gearbox is the single-most-expensivecomponent 

on an extruder. Hence, you 

should be more cautious while selecting. 

First things first – Why do your single screw 

extruders need gearboxes? 

Extruder manufacturers prefer 1800/1500 

RPM or 1200/1000 RPM motors (depending 

on your country of use) because they are 

economical, readily available and compact 

in size to mount on your extruder base. 

However, most rubber extruder screws 

during production run in the speed range 

of 4 rpm to 40 rpm. 

Hence, the role of a gearbox or gear 

reducer here is to reduce the drive motor’s 

speed and, in turn, multiply the available 

torque from the motor in order to produce 

sufficient power to mix and push out your 

rubber compound. 

As an individual and independent 

component, the key specification that 

A gearbox is the single-mostexpensive 

component of an 

extruder. Hence, you should be 

more cautious while selecting. 

26 

Image: Wikov 


| EXTRUDERS | 

30 

defines the capacity and durability of your 

extruder gearbox is the power (HP/kW) 

rating along with its service factor (SF). 

Single screw extruder gearboxes are 

normally rated for power (HP/kW) or 

torque at a specific rpm based on common 

calculations and standards. This uniform 

standard allows you to compare gearboxes 

from different manufacturers. 

Your extruder manufacturers follow these 

guidelines and select a model for different 

service factors and applications. A key 

question you should ask is whether, the SF 

considered by your manufacturer is optimal 

for your extrusion application or not. 

Knowledge of AGMA (American Gear 

Manufacturers Association) 

recommendation will certainly help you to 

discuss better with extruder manufacturers, 

but experienced gearbox manufacturers 

can guide you even better. I have witnessed 

buyers in Asia been taken for a ride for their 

ignorance and offered lower specification 

gearboxes on their extruders to compete on 

cost. 

with a calculated rating of 367.5 kW would 

have a quoted rating of 210 kW with a 1.75 

service factor. 

The overall rating of a gearbox is based on 

the ratings of all its individual components. 

This includes the gear teeth design, gear 

hardness, shaft dimensions, bearing 

selection and sizes, housing design 

(thickness & rigidity), and thermal 

considerations. All these considerations are 

to ensure that your gearbox has sufficient 

support and capacity to effectively transmit 

the motor torque to the screw without 

significant distortion or failure. 

Within the gearbox, the most important 

component (and most expensive) is it’s 

thrust bearing. You evaluate a thrust 

bearing based on its type and life (B-10 or 

L-10 rating). 

The B-10 Life (sometimes called L-10 Life) 

of the thrust bearing is based on an 

engineering calculation that estimates the 

number of hours of operation at which 10 

per cent of the bearings are likely to fail. 

When you compare gearboxes, always 

evaluate on calculated power. The formula 

for calculated power of a gearbox is: 

Calculated Power = Quoted Power X 

Service Factor 

Typically, single screw rubber extruder 

gearbox has service factors of 1.5 or 1.75 for 

optimal operating capacity. For example, a 

6 inch pin type cold feed extruder gearbox 

Additional rating adjustment factors are to 

be applied to the basic B-10 life based on 

application factors including how the 

bearing is mounted. 

For example, a thrust bearing that is 

mounted between two radial bearings is 

more likely to have precise thrust bearing 

alignment, and will therefore have a higher 

rating adjustment factor. 


KELACHANDRA MACHINES 

(MFRS. OF RUBBER INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY) 

Chingavanam - 686 531, Kottayam, Kerala. India. 

Phone Off: +91- 481-2430325. Fax: +91- 481-2430596 

e-mail: km1912@gmail.com

| EXTRUDERS | 

Here are 6 other key criteria of a gearbox 

evaluation, which you should know 

1. Gear Design, Hardness and its 

Construction 

Each of the individual gears that go into 

your gearbox assembly are rated for power 

or torque based on their strength and 

durability ratings. The calculations would 

be according to industry standard AGMA 

rating systems. Factors include the gear 

tooth pitch, center distance, material and 

hardness. 

2. Gear Shafts 

The shafts must be designed to transmit the 

full power and torque capacity of the gears. 

The length and diameter of these shafts is 

decisive and must match the ability to 

transmit this torque without excessive 

deflection, fatigue and failure. The diameter 

of the input shaft must be adequate to 

properly support sheaves (in the case of belt 

driven models) or a coupling. The output 

shafts must be properly designed to handle 

the correct range of screw shanks that will 

be inserted. Adequate access to the drive 

keys is beneficial when they become worn 

or damaged and need to be replaced. 

3. Radial Bearings and Seals 

The radial bearings support the rotational 

forces of the gear shafts and must be 

designed to handle the load forces and 

speeds effectively. The dynamic load 

capacity of these radial bearings must also 

be considered when evaluating the design 

and durability of the gearbox. Radial 

bearings must also be properly lubricated 

and sealed. 

4. Gearbox Housing Design - Construction 

Cast Iron is the cost-effective material of 

choice for most manufacturers. 

Traditionally, CI gearboxes are made in two 

pieces, split either horizontally or vertically. 

Newer designs have the gearbox housing 

cast as one piece to reduce any potential 

leakages. 

5. Thrust Bearing 

Thrust bearing isolates the backward forces 

from the screw. The larger the screw and/or 

the higher the back pressure, the greater 

the backward thrust forces. There are three 

basic types of thrust bearings – cylindrical, 

spherical and tapered. 

6. Serviceability 

When you select a gearbox, you should give 

prime importance to the availability to 

affordable parts and service. It is best to 

select rubber extruder suppliers who 

purchase their gearboxes from proven and 

reputable manufacturers that specialize 

only in gearboxes for better serviceability. 

An old gearbox manufactured around 

through-hardened process and shaved gears 

technology has shafts, bearings and 

housings designed accordingly. Replacing 

new hardened gears with a higher HP 

capacity, does not automatically guarantee 

the gearbox rating to increase, if you do not 

replace the assembly with stronger shafts, 

bearings and housing. 

Gear manufacturing technology today has 

33 


| EXTRUDERS | 

Image of Extrusion Line. Source: CGEC 

changed and consists of carburized and 

ground gears. These gears are capable of 

delivering much more power in its smaller 

size. When old gear designs are 

constructed using the new materials and 

process, the power calculations yield much 

higher gear tooth ratings. But if the rest of 

the design is unchanged, and the same 

bearings, shafts, and housings are used, the 

total gearbox rating cannot simply be based 

on the new higher gear rating alone. 

The higher torque could never be applied to 

the original sized input shaft without 

causing bending or twisting. The bearings 

and/or shafts would be overloaded with the 

higher forces, and the housing would 

probably not have sufficient strength to 

resist significant distortion. Reputed 

gearbox rebuilders will guide you well. 

Automation 

The different levels of automation of downstream 

line for extruders makes the 

extrusion operations highly user-friendly 

and efficient. 

In the case of extruder heads, there are 

different options depending on user 

requirement - a simple, single-compound 

single-component mechanically opening 

extruder head to a sophisticated costeffective 

PLC controlled hydraulically 

opening multi-compound multi-cavity head. 

So, rubber extrusion is in itself a vast and 

interesting subject. 

RMW 

35 


AMCL MACHINERY LIMITED 

SERVICE TO THE NATION FOR FOUR DECADES 

Product Range 

• Rubber Mixer – 76" liter and 270 liter. 

• Mixing Mills – 16", 22", 26" and special sizes 

• Hot feed extruders – 6" and 8" 

• Rubber Calenders – 2/3 rolls. 

• Bias Tyre Building machine – RB1/RB3 

• Automatic LCV Tyre Building Machine – RB1619 

• Automatic Truck Tyre Building Machine-RB2022 

• Mechanical Tyre Curing Presses – Scooter to Truck size 

• Bladder Curing Presses 

• Tube Splicers 

For all your enquiries please contact: 

AMCL MACHINERY LIMITED 

Works: Plot No.A1/1, MIDC, Butirobi-441122, Nagpur 

Mumbai office: 202, Ackruti Centre Point, MIDC Central Road, Andheri (East), Mumbai-400 093. 

Contact person: Mr. S.H. Mehta 

Mobile No. +91-9004697430. Email: shmehta@amcl.in Website: www.amcl.in

KELACHANDRA MACHINES 

(MFRS. OF RUBBER INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY) 

Chingavanam - 686 531, Kottayam, Kerala. India. 

Phone Off: +91- 481-2430325. Fax: +91- 481-2430596 

e-mail: km1912@gmail.com

Extruders - A Special Supplement from Rubber & Tyre Machinery World

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