STREETSCAPE GUIDANCE

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HOME INTRODUCTION PART A A vision for London’s streets PART B From strategy to delivery PART C New measures for new challenges PART D Balancing priorities PART F Appendix PART E Physical design and materials SECTION 6 Introduction SECTION 7 High quality footways SECTION 8 Carriageways SECTION 9 Crossings SECTION 10 Kerbside activity SECTION 11 Footway amenities SECTION 12 Safety and functionality SECTION 13 Street environment SECTION 14 Transport interchanges Streetscape Guidance [Part E – Physical design and materials] Street environment 274 strategic goal of tackling climate change and enhancing the built environment. Our vision is to ensure that the greening of our streets is an integral part of scheme development, optimising the potential of our streets for contributing to the GI agenda. There are a wide range of benefits associated with GI including improving air quality and human health, surface water runoff, mitigation of the urban heat island effect, increased biodiversity and ecosystem variety, and amenity value through creating beautiful and visually interesting streets and spaces for people to enjoy. All schemes within London – ranging from footway renewal to the wholesale redesign of a street – should ensure that all opportunities for improving and introducing new GI elements are fully explored. Trees New tree planting should be considered wherever appropriate within schemes. Working with trees means that designers are using a living organism that will grow, change and develop over time, it is therefore vital that the relevant arboricultural specialist is engaged at all stages of a scheme involving proposed trees. Location It is important that a range of considerations are taken into account when determining the location of a new tree. In some instances, trees have been planted in locations inappropriate for the development or lifetime maintenance of the tree, or without considering alterations to its immediate surroundings over time. Factors to consider when locating new trees include (but are not limited to): • Street signs and traffic lights • Proximity to dropped kerbs • Footway width • Proximity to carriageway Figure 271: Working with trees requires taking into account the growth, development and maintenance of the tree over its lifetime • Designated parking bays • Proximity to other existing GI • CCTV splays and equipment • Proximity of buildings • Heritage features • Risk of subsidence • Underground/overhead utilities • Advertising hoardings • Accessibility for future maintenance Where possible, trees should be located within the furniture zone so as to provide the maximum footway clear zone for pedestrian movement (refer to ‘Footway zones’ in this guidance for further information). As with many street furniture items, the placement of trees should also help to reinforce public realm design elements such as: • Strengthening movement patterns and corridors • Connecting spaces and providing visual continuity across them • Aiding the reinforcement of space and boundaries • Providing character and a sense of place • Enhancing architectural elements • Screening to vehicle corridors and undesirable views
HOME INTRODUCTION PART A A vision for London’s streets PART B From strategy to delivery PART C New measures for new challenges PART D Balancing priorities PART F Appendix PART E Physical design and materials SECTION 6 Introduction SECTION 7 High quality footways SECTION 8 Carriageways SECTION 9 Crossings SECTION 10 Kerbside activity SECTION 11 Footway amenities SECTION 12 Safety and functionality SECTION 13 Street environment SECTION 14 Transport interchanges Streetscape Guidance Figure 272: It is important that careful consideration is given to providing the optimum location for trees within the public realm Species considerations Once a suitable location has been identified, the relevant highway authority arboricultural specialist must be engaged to determine the appropriate tree species and specification to be used. The tree species planted should take account of existing trees and the long-term aspirations for the area, and should give due consideration to: • Ultimate height, crown spread, stem diameter and habit • Honeydew from aphids • Fruit fall • Ability to cope with a changing climate • Pests and diseases • Maintenance requirements • Water requirements • Scale of setting; Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 Schedule 9 • Climate change adaptation benefits, including shade Tree pits and surface specification There are many different tree pit specifications of varying complexity, but no one design will be suitable in all situations and options should be agreed with the highway authority’s arboricultural and landscape officer. Elements of the tree pit which must be considered include: • Pit dimensions • Soil specification • Anchoring method • Edging material • Use of root cells/root barriers [Part E – Physical design and materials] Street environment 275 While organic bark mulch is typically used as a surface material around newly-planted trees in hard landscapes, there are a range of surface materials which can be used depending on individual circumstances. It must be remembered that newly-planted trees require an appropriate programme of irrigation to establish and thrive. This might involve hand watering or an automatic system; the relevant arboricultural and landscape specialist must be Figure 273: A range of tree pit and surface materials are available and should be chosen based upon the location and specific requirements of the tree
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