Strategic Moves - Regional Environmental Center for Central and ...

Main costs for upgrading infrastructure
Waste sector
It will be necessary to upgrade the quality and environmental
performance of existing facilities to ensure that they reach
compliance with the environmental standards set as part of national
policies and strategies. The costs incurred in establishing
new facilities will depend on the number, type and capacities of
the additional facilities required. Funds need to be raised for capital
investment expenditures and to cover recurrent operational
costs. Ultimately, the full costs of facility provision and operation
should be recovered from waste producers.
Meeting the requirements laid down in the Waste Framework
Directive, the Hazardous Waste Directive and the Landfill
Directive is likely to be very costly. The provision of
facilities of a higher standard, together with the creation of an
adequate institutional structure, will constitute the largest elements
of the overall cost of achieving compliance. It should
be appreciated that the provision of facilities will incur not
only initial capital costs but also significant recurring annual
costs for operation and maintenance, together — in the case of
landfills — with long-term costs for remediation and aftercare.
A study on the costs of implementing EC waste management
legislation in Slovakia estimates the total capital costs (net present
C H A P T E R 4
E C O N O M I C D E V E L O P M E N T A N D T H E E U A C C E S S I O N P R O C E S S
TABLE 8: Total benefits (in EUR million) for SEE countries of full compliance with the water-related directives
ANNUAL BENEFITS TOTAL DISCOUNTED BENEFITS
LOW ESTIMATE HIGH ESTIMATE LOW ESTIMATE HIGH ESTIMATE
Albania 60.5 103.6 495 847
Bosnia and Herzegovina 75.3 95.8 616 783
Croatia 60.6 378.6 610.0 3810.9
FYR Macedonia 66.7 80.5 546 658
Montenegro 66.2 71.8 541 587
Kosovo (as defined
under UNSCR 1244)
14.3 21.1 117 172
Serbia 467 521 3,818 4,260
TOTAL 811 1,272 6,743 11,118
Note: Value in EUR of the annual benefits upon full compliance with the water directives and the total discounted benefits over 20 years of
compliance with the water directives in the respective countries.
Source: Arcadis Ecolas NV and IEEP, 2007
BOX 6: Investment-heavy directives
Air sector
• Air Quality Directive (96/62/EC)
• Large Combustion Plants Directive
(2001/80/EC)
Waste sector
• Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC)
• Incineration Directive (2000/76/EC)
• Hazardous Waste Directive (91/689/EEC)
• Sewage Sludge Directive (86/278/EEC)
Water sector
• Drinking Water Directive (98/83/EC)
• Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive
(91/271/EEC)
• Dangerous Substances in Water Directive
(76/464/EEC)
• Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC)
• Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC)
S T R AT E G I C M O V E S 91