Strategic Moves - Regional Environmental Center for Central and ...

is not in operation. The construction of seven WWTPs is foreseen in the draft development
strategy and the Kosovo Environmental Action Plan (REC survey, 2008).
In the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the communal service enterprises
(CSEs) are public enterprises founded and owned by local governments.
The water supply system reaches 72 percent of the population of the country, albeit
with persistent problems such as a high level of Uf W. The wastewater sector
is far less developed, with seven small and outdated urban wastewater treatment
plants to which 12 percent of the population is connected. The existing infrastructure
is outdated, resulting in high water and energy losses. Of the existing 68
water supply networks, 58 need upgrading; of the existing 68 sewerage networks
59 need upgrading; and of the seven existing wastewater treatment plants, two
need reconstruction and 59 new (smaller and larger) plants are needed in order to
comply with the relevant EU directives.
Montenegro has a relatively well developed water supply system, connecting
80 percent of the population. However, the sewerage system is less well developed,
connecting only 38 percent of the population. Two obsolete WWTPs exist in Podgorica
and Niksic. Water shortages are common and the level of Uf W is high, at
between 50 and 75 percent. The Waste Water Feasibility Study for the Coastal Region
of Montenegro and the Municipality of Cetinje, and the Sewerage and Wastewater
Strategic Master Plan for Central and Northern Montenegro envisage, by
the end of 2015, the rehabilitation of existing pumping stations, the construction
of new WWTPs and pumping stations, and the reconstruction and expansion of
existing infrastructure throughout the republic.
Serbia has 150 water utilities with obsolete and deteriorating water infrastructure.
Poor technical performance results in water losses at an average level of 35
percent, while in some municipalities losses are as high as 50 percent. The proportion
of the population connected to water supply in urban areas is 83 percent, while
in rural areas it is 49 percent. Some 60 percent of the overall population is connected
to sewerage networks and there are 28 WWTPs. The wastewater treatment
infrastructure throughout the country needs upgrading.
Infrastructure status in the waste sector
The level of waste collection, transportation, treatment and disposal in SEE
countries is below that required for compliance with EU standards. The available
facilities and capacities for the treatment and disposal of waste are inadequate; legislation
and standards are not effectively enforced; and current waste management
practices are contributing to the pollution of air, water resources and land.
Investments in the municipal solid waste infrastructure in South Eastern Europe
(SEE) are urgently needed in order to reduce the pressure on the environment resulting
from indiscriminate dumping and from the depositing of waste in landfills
with low or no standards. This pressure is exacerbated by the increased generation
of municipal solid waste associated with GDP growth during the years before the
economic crisis, and with the accompanying growth in private consumption.
C H A P T E R 2
S TAT U S O F E N V I R O N M E N TA L I N F R A S T R U C T U R E I N T H E S E E R E G I O N
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