Strategic Moves - Regional Environmental Center for Central and ...

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ing the levels of expenditure in the new member states. However, old member states still allocate a far bigger share for the environment. Even Serbia, Kosovo (as defined under UNSCR 1244) and Croatia — the biggest investors in environmental protection in the region — directed less than 0.04 percent of their national GDP for this purpose in 2004–2005. Domestic financing of environmental infrastructure projects in SEE There is a funding gap in Albania with respect to environmental projects due to the low level of domestic funds. Legislation passed in 2002 introduced the possibility of generating income through environmental taxes, tariffs and charges. Environmental investment projects are almost fully financed with assistance from bilateral donors and IFIs. However, the Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Telecommunications (MoPWTT) has elaborated a mid-term financial plan for investments in the area of water and waste infrastructure, and manages a capital investment programme that contributes to the development of communal environmental infrastructure (ADA, 2008a). The programme envisages, for the year 2011, the construction of four regional landfills and the closure of five existing dumpsites in five regions. State budget allocations for the waste sector for 2009 are EUR 2.3 million; for 2010 EUR 5.2 million; and for 2011 a predicted EUR 13 million. Only projects included in the Public Investment Programme (PIP) of Bosnia and Herzegovina are considered a national priority and eligible for financing. The PIP comprises projects for which financing has been secured, or will be secured in the future period, including environmental infrastructure. Investments in the waste and water sectors are financed mainly by the EU or IFIs. However, the federal government also provides financing for water and waste projects from the federal budget, even though current financing conditions are not favourable (REC, PEIP Analytical Reports 2007–2009). In Croatia, the Environmental Protection Operational Programme, co-financed by the IPA, provides the basis for the financing of environmental infrastructure projects. A large proportion of projects receive funding through the recently established Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (EPEEF), the Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development (HBOR), and previous EU programmes (Phare and ISPA). One of the priority objectives of the HBOR includes environmental protection, the sustainable use of natural resources, and the financing of infrastructure, including environmental infrastructure (ADA, 2008b). The bank has elaborated specific loan programmes: an infrastructure loan programme and an environmental protection loan programme dealing with the upgrading and reconstruction of municipal infrastructure. Loans are given for up to 15 years with an annual interest rate of 4 percent for projects investing in specially protected areas and 6 percent for all others. In 2007, loans to the amount of EUR 66 million were approved by HBOR to further promote investments in environmental protection and energy projects. C H A P T E R 7 F I N A N C I N G E N V I R O N M E N TA L I N F R A S T R U C T U R E I N V E S T M E N T S S T R AT E G I C M O V E S 149
150 C H A P T E R 7 F I N A N C I N G E N V I R O N M E N TA L I N F R A S T R U C T U R E I N V E S T M E N T S S T R AT E G I C M O V E S Future environmental improvements in Kosovo (as defined under UNSCR 1244) depend on the budget allocated to the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning (MoESP) and on donor support. The priority project is the Air Quality Monitoring Network, for which 30 percent of the costs (EUR 965,000 for the period 2008–2010) will be covered from the consolidated budget of Kosovo (as defined under UNSCR 1244). Foreseen expenditures in the field of environment for the years 2010 to 2012 in the form of capital investments for approved projects total EUR 3.4 million, whereas investments in new projects will total EUR 9.8 million. Currently projects worth EUR 24 million are being implemented with IPA co-financing for the closure of dumpsites and for investment in water utilities (REC, PEIP Analytical Reports 2007–2009). The Kosovo Environmental Action Plan (KEAP), listing all environment-related priority goals for 2006 to 2010, is the main framework for all activities undertaken for the purposes of environmental improvement and protection. The KEAP stipulates a clear division of responsibilities between all stakeholders involved in environmental decision making and provides guidelines for international funding mechanisms and donor coordination. The KEAP is based on funding from a variety of donors and participation from the government budget of between 5 and 20 percent. However, the share of funds currently dedicated to projects in the field of environment from the government budget under the KEAP is not sufficient to bring about significant environmental improvements (KEAP, 2006). The Government of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia commits the biggest share of public resources for the environment — at least 88 percent of the available funds — to the water and waste sectors through the competent line ministries. Each year, environmental expenditures are allocated through its Environmental Investment Programme (EIP) in the form of grants. Between 2004 and 2007, the EIP approved financial support to 254 environmental projects, the majority of which were in the areas of water and waste. The Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC) is responsible for communal infrastructure improvement and continuously invests in water supply and sanitation projects co-financed by grants, loans or the national budget with support from IFIs and bilateral donors (ADA, 2008c). Additionally, each line ministry has elaborated an annual investment programme allocating funds for the preparation of environmental project documentation and the construction of water supply and sanitation facilities. Water management-related projects are also supported. The total environmental expenditures of the EIP and the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning amounted to EUR 2.12 million in 2006; and to EUR 1.97 million in 2007. Total environmental expenditures from the Ministry of Transport and Communications’ own budgetary sources in relation to water supply and sanitation purposes amounted to EUR 3.028 million in 2006, and EUR 3.725 million in 2007 (ADA, 2008d). The National Environmental Investment Strategy (NEIS) was adopted recently for the period 2009–2013 and is designed to set up a comprehensive system streamlining the available national funds and leveraging the international financing sources towards solving environmental problems in the fields of water, waste, air quality, energy and na-
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The Priority Environmental Investme
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About the REC The Regional Environm
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4 C O N T E N T S Chapter 3 Challen
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6 A B B R E V I AT I O N S S T R AT
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8 A B B R E V I AT I O N S S T R AT
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10 S T R AT E G I C M O V E S
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12 Foreword from the Regional Envir
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14 A U T H O R S A N D A C K N O W
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16 A U T H O R S A N D A C K N O W
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20 E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y
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32 I N T R O D U C T I O N S T R AT
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40 C H A P T E R 1 T H E R O L E O
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48 C H A P T E R 2 S TAT U S O F E
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58 C H A P T E R 3 C H A L L E N G
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72 C H A P T E R 4 E C O N O M I C
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200 C H A P T E R 8 P R I O R I T I
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206 C H A P T E R 9 T H E WAY F O R
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214 A N N E X E S A N N E X 1 Bosni
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216 A N N E X E S A N N E X 1 The f
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218 A N N E X E S A N N E X 2 Annex
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220 A N N E X E S A N N E X 3 Croat
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222 A N N E X E S A N N E X 4 S T R
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224 A N N E X E S A N N E X 5 Annex
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226 A N N E X E S A N N E X 5 Alban
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228 A N N E X E S A N N E X 5 Bosni
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234 A N N E X E S A N N E X 5 Kosov
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236 A N N E X E S A N N E X 5 Kosov
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238 A N N E X E S A N N E X 5 The f
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240 A N N E X E S A N N E X 5 Monte
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242 A N N E X E S A N N E X 5 Serbi
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244 A N N E X E S A N N E X 5 Serbi
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246 A N N E X E S S T R AT E G I C
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THE REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER F
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