Enhancing India’s Readiness to Climate Finance

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Enhancing India’s readiness to access and deliver international climate finance Annex VIII – Detailed responses for Tier 2 CF readiness indicators Political & Strategic Functions Tier 1 Indicators Tier 2 Indicators Detailed Analysis Score 1. GHG emissions Have emissions estimates been identified at the national and sectoral levels? 1.1 What are the major sources of emissions in the country? Energy and industry account for nearly 80% of all emissions • The total net GHG emissions from India in 2007 were 1727.71 million tons of CO 2 equivalent. GHG emissions from Energy, Industry, Agriculture, and Waste sectors constituted 58%, 22%, 17% and 3% of the net CO 2 emissions respectively. 69 • Emissions from the energy sector are generated predominantly by: Electricity generation (65.4%), Transport (12.9%), Residential and Commercial consumption (12.6%) 3 1.2 What systems (if any) are in place to estimate and account for economy wide emissions (e.g. greenhouse gas inventories, national communications, etc.)? India has appropriate systems in place to estimate GHG emissions 3 • India has set up the Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment, which makes periodic assessments of climate change and provides updated information on India’s national emissions. • India has published two National Communications to the UNFCCC (2004 and 2012) and is in the process of developing its first Biennial Update Report, which will be submitted to the UNFCCC in 2014. • The India GHG Programme led by WRI India, Confederation of India Industry and The Energy and Resources Institute is an industry-led voluntary framework to measure and manage greenhouse gas emissions. 70 2. Risk & Vulnerability Have climate impacts, vulnerabilities, & risks been identified? 2.1 What assessments (if any) of climate risk at country and sectoral levels have been completed? Macro level assessments have been conducted, however detailed sectoral and State level analysis are still needed • Broad level national risk assessments have been conducted in India’s first and second National Communications. • IPCC reports have also identified key climate risks for South Asia region. 71 2 • The NAPCC has established the National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change, which aims to identify the challenges and responses to climate change. 69 Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment – Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2007 (published May 2010) 70 See more at: http://indiaghgp.org/about#sthash.bERzA8Nz.dpuf 71 http://www.ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/IPCC_WG2AR5_SPM_Approved.pdf Ref: Ricardo-AEA/R/ED59216/Final Report 75
Enhancing India’s readiness to access and deliver international climate finance 2.2 What are the country’s major vulnerabilities to climate change and what sectors are expected to be most heavily impacted? Key vulnerabilities have been identified but the link between environmental damage and socio-economic impact needs to be clearer Major vulnerabilities • Mean surface air temperature is expected to rise by 3.5°C to 4.3°C by the end of the century. • Sea levels along the Indian coast are currently rising at the rate of 1.3 mm/year on an average. 1 • Indian Monsoon variability, excess and deficit years will become more frequent and greater changes in precipitation trends by geography. Impacts: • Water: Climate change impacts water storage in the Himalayan glaciers which are the source of major rivers and groundwater recharge; increased frequency of extreme events such as floods, and droughts. • Food: All aspects of food security are potentially affected by climate change, including food access, utilisation, and price stability. • Health: greater likelihood of death due to more intense heat waves and fires; increased likelihood of under-nutrition resulting from diminished food production and increased risks from food- and water-borne diseases and vector-borne diseases. • Rural Development: impacts are expected to disproportionately affect the welfare of the poor in rural areas. • Urban Areas: Heat stress, extreme precipitation, inland and coastal flooding, landslides, air pollution, drought, and water scarcity pose risks in urban areas for people, assets, economies, and ecosystems. • Biodiversity: A large fraction of both terrestrial and freshwater species faces increased extinction risk under projected climate change. 3. Economic impacts of climate change Have implications of climate change for the national economy been estimated? 3.1 Have the implications of climate change for current public and private sector investment / economic strategies in key target sectors been considered? Climate change awareness has improved in recent past, however economic strategies still do not consider climate change impacts appropriately • National plans such at the 12th FYP, have given general attention to the economic impacts of climate change. However detailed analysis on the economic impact is still lacking. • State-level and sectoral plans rarely address the impacts of climate change • Private sector understanding of climate change impact is very limited. Hence, investment plans rarely include implication of climate change on investments. 1 Ref: Ricardo-AEA/R/ED59216/Final Report 76
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Acknowledgements Enhancing India’
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STRENGTHS Enhancing India’s readi
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