सन्दर्भ र अनुभूतिहरु
A Collection of Critical Articles by BASU sHARMA A Collection of Critical Articles by BASU sHARMA
u/ ] t x'“bf] / x] 5 lg Û Ps lbg Psflaxfg} Pp6f ;dfrf/ k9] / dg g} k|k'mNn eof] . s'/ f * h'nfO{ @)!$sf] xf] . gful/ s Go"hsf] …cleefjs rf;f] n] :s"n cAanÚ zLif{ssf] cgnfOg ;dfrf/ ljZn] if0f k9] kl5 dg o;/ L ub\ub\ ePsf] lyof] . gful/ s Go"hnfO{ cGtd{gb] lv wGojfb . n] v kl9;s] kl5 d cgfofz PSn} u'Gu'gfpg k'u] 5'=== …u/] t x'Fbf] / x] 5 lg ÛÚ awfO{ tL :s"nx¿nfO{ . ;fw'jfb tL :s"nsf lhDd] jf/ k|wfgcWofks, ldx] gtL lzIfs tyf ;lqmo cleefjsx¿nfO{ . o; cl3sf d] / f n] vgLdf d} n] lzIfs / cleefjssf] e"ldsfsf af/ ] df rrf{ ub} { pbfx/ 0fx¿ k] z u/ ] sf] lyPF . gful/ s Go"hsf] ;f] ;dfrf/ ljZn] if0f ;f] xL d] ;f] df yk pbfx/ 0f xf] . ;f] n] vn] Pp6f uDeL/ k|Zg p7fpFb} ljifo k|j] z u/ ] sf] 5M …pkTosfsf s/ La 8] 9 bh{g ;/ sf/ L :s"n s'g} dxËf lghL :s"neGbf sd 5} gg\ . k|df0f xf] – o;kflnsf] P;=Pn=;L= glthf . b] z} el/ ;/ sf/ L :s"nsf] glthf vl:s/ x] sf / ;of} +n] z"Go kl/ 0ffd NofPsf a] nf oL ljBfno aif] {gL s;/ L ztk|ltzt ljBfyL{ / fd|f] >] 0fLdf pQL0f{ u/ fpg ;kmn 5g\ t
{ sd{rf/ Lx¿ Pp6} JolQmn] b'O{ ljk/ L t k|s[ltsf] e"ldsfdf Ps} ;fy ;+nUg x'Fbf :jfy{sf] åGå (conflict of interest) sf] lzsf/ ag] sf 5g\ – cfd hgtf . Pp6f e"ldsfn] dfu ub{5, kIfkft/ lxt t6:ytf / csf] {n] bnut :jfy{sf] kIfkftk"0f{ e"ldsf . oL b'a} Ps} ;fy hfg} ;Sb} gg\ / n} hfg vf] Hbfsf] uDeL/ b'ikl/ 0ffd xf] – d'n'ssf] eb|uf] n / a] lyltk"0f{ cj:yf . / fhgLlts k] zf ug] { xf] eg] hflu/ 5f] 8\g' k¥of] jf hflu/ ug] { xf] eg] / fhgLlts k] zf 5f] 8\g' k¥of] . b'a} xftdf n•" lnO{ :jfb cfk"mn] lng] / To;sf] k|xf/ n] hgtfnfO{ lynlynf] kfg] { sfd ca aGb ul/ g' k5{ . of] cGofok"0f{ 5, of] snÍk"0f{ 5 . hglxtdf t6:y e"ldsf ;DaGwL Pp6f ;sf/ fTds ;f]rsf] csf] { b[i6fGt k]z ug{ rfxG5' . s'/ f] ;g\ !((* sf] xf] . ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf] Pp6f uflj;df sfo{gLlts of]hgf th' {df ;DaGwL % lbg] sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] ;Gbe{ xf] . uf]i7Lsf ultljlwaf6 ;xefuLx¿sf] ;f]rdf kl/ jt{g cfO{ / fhgLlts k"jf{u|x / lvrnf]af6 aflx/ lg:s]/ ljjfb/ lxt 9Ën] ;xdltsf cfwf/ df ufpF ljsf;sf cfjZostfx¿ lgSof} {n ug{ / k|fyldstfx¿ lgwf{/ 0f ug{ ;kmn ePsf lyP pgLx¿ . lzIff klxnf] k|fyldstfdf k/ ]sf] lyof] / ;f]xL adf]lhd uflj;sf] ;|f]t ljlgof]hg ePsf] lyof], lagf ljjfb . uf]i7Lsf] clGtd lbg ;xefuLx¿df ;xL of]hgfx¿ th' {df ug{ ;lsof] eGg] ;Gtf]if lyof] . uf]i7Lsf] ;dfkg ;df/ f]xdf Ps hgf ;xefuL hf] e"=k"= ef/ tLo uf]vf{ ;}lgs / tTsfnLg uflj; ;b:o lyP, pgn] af]n]sf] s'/ f dnfO{ cem} ofb 5 – æcu/ kGw| aL; jif{ klxn] g} o:tf] uf]i7L cfOlbPsf] eP xfn;Dd s'5 ul/ ;lsg] / x]5 . v}/ ca eg] xfdL s'5 u5f} + . ;fyLx¿ Û xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] e"ldsf s] xf] eGg] 1fg k:of] ca . ufpF ljsf;sf] r'gfj glhs} cfpFb}5 . r'gfjdf 3fdjfnfn] 3fdd}, ?vjfnfn] ?vd}, xnf]jfnfn] xnf]d} ef]6 xfnDnf . sf]O{ aft 5}g . n]lsg ha ha ufpFdf lzIffsf] s'/ f] cfpF5, ;a}n] Ps} dtn] :s"ndf 5fk xfGg' k5{ / ha ha vfg]kfgLsf] s'/ f] cfpF5, wf/ fdf 5fk xfGg' k5{ x} . clg dfq} xfd|f] ufpF pFef] nfUg] / x] 5 .Æ s:tf] sk6/ lxt / t6:y cleJolQm Û csf] { Pp6f rfvnfUbf] syf klg kl:sg dg nfUof] . s'/ f, / f} tx6 lhNnfsf] xf] . ToxfF klg lhNnfsf] sfo{gLlts of] hgf th'{df ;DaGwL % lbg] sfo{zfnf uf] i7L x'Fb} lyof] . d] / f ;xsdL{ ldq 1fgL lg/ f} nf / d uf] i7Lsf] ;xhsfo{ ub} { lyof} + . uf] i7Lsf] t] ;|f] lbg . ;q ;~rfngsf] d] / f] kfnf] ;lsPkl5 ;xsdL{ ldqnfO{ ;xhsfo{sf] lhDdf nufP/ d xfjf vfg Psl5g aflx/ lgl:sPF . d] / f] kl5–kl5 s'g} Ps kf6L{sf lhNnf cWoIf klg aflx/ lgl:sP . d;Fu jf;' zdf{
- Page 9 and 10: { { dfl;sdf klg ;d;fdlos ljifosf d]
- Page 11 and 12: k|sfzsLo ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfsf] r} gk'/
- Page 13 and 14: ljifo cg'qmd != Pg=cf/ =Pg / kl08th
- Page 15 and 16: Pg=cf/ =Pg / kl08thLsf] cfqmf] z la
- Page 17 and 18: jf js{ kld{6 kfP/ uPsf x'g\Ù ;a} c
- Page 19 and 20: t/ , o;df ;Totf 5 . k|wfgdGqL 8]lj8
- Page 21 and 22: lah'nL aQL Û lah'nL aQL Û of] n]
- Page 23 and 24: zsf} + nfUnf jf cem a9L . g] kfndf
- Page 25 and 26: pmhf{ u/ LaLsf] df/ df d'n's slxn]
- Page 27 and 28: dfkm{t ;xhLs/ 0f ug{ uflj;x¿df v6]
- Page 29 and 30: ;"ema"em, ;+sNk / tTk/ tf ePdf of]
- Page 31 and 32: g} Nofpg ;lsG5 g t g] t[Tjsf] sfd 7
- Page 33 and 34: x'Fb} g, hgtfnfO{ cfjfudgdf cj/ f]
- Page 35 and 36: a[xQ/ / fli6«o ;f] rsf] cefj …r'
- Page 37 and 38: glthf cfpnf / < o;f] eg] / d'n'ssf]
- Page 39 and 40: lhNnfsf] If] qkmn klg cfwf jf bf] A
- Page 41 and 42: lzIff cfˆgf / b/ afl/ ofx¿sf ;Gtf
- Page 43 and 44: cfj4 5g\ . vf;df d'n'ssf] / fhgLlt
- Page 45 and 46: lzIff k|0ffnL / u'0f:t/ Lo lzIff ;
- Page 47 and 48: tyf k4lt, lzIf0f ljlw / lzIfssf] e"
- Page 49 and 50: eP_ eg] ;/ sf/ L :s"nsf ljBfyL{x¿n
- Page 51 and 52: s] xL jif{ klxn] d} n] Pp6f n] v k9
- Page 53 and 54: k/ Dk/ fut ¿kdf ufpF glhs} sf] vf]
- Page 55 and 56: lzIff / cleefjs Pp6f lszf] / sf] sy
- Page 57 and 58: aGbL lyof] . jf:tf gug] { cleefjs,
- Page 59: ;8sx¿ hfd eP, e'jg] Zj/ hfd eof] .
- Page 63 and 64: ;xof] un] ha ljsf;sf sfdx¿ x'G5g\,
- Page 65 and 66: o; ;Gbe{df Wofg k'¥ofpg r'Sg gx'g]
- Page 67 and 68: kF"hL nufgL ug] { s'/ fnfO{ dfq dxT
- Page 69 and 70: { cfGtl/ s ;fdflhs cfh{gfGt/ 0f / u
- Page 71 and 72: hfu/ 0f Nofpg ;xof] u k'¥ofpg] b]
- Page 73 and 74: cfGtl/ s ;fdflhs cfh{gfGt/ 0fsf] cs
- Page 75 and 76: d'n's / hgtfk|ltsf] ;f] r / Jojxf/
- Page 77 and 78: g] t[Tj x:tfGt/ 0fsf nflu cGtMkf6L{
- Page 79 and 80: hgtfsf] ;+3if{åf/ f k|fKt nf] stfl
- Page 81 and 82: ug] { cf} hf/ eg] / ldqjt\ ;Nnfx lb
- Page 83 and 84: ;] / f] k] m/ f] leq kg] { ufpF-a:t
- Page 85 and 86: s'/ f xf] . o;/ L ljleGg hfthflt /
- Page 87 and 88: gu/ kflnsf / ljsf;sf dfkb08x¿ lj=
- Page 89 and 90: tfsfsf] -;g\ @))^_ / cfhsf] plnrdf
- Page 91 and 92: plnr / eb|k'/ em} + r} gk'/ klg Olt
- Page 93 and 94: g] tfx¿sf] csd{0otfsf] g} kl/ 0ffd
- Page 95 and 96: klg aHg / f] lsg] 5 / d"lt{ klg ef]
- Page 97 and 98: e|i6frf/ sf] bnbn n08gaf6 k|sflzt x
- Page 99 and 100: To:tf] cs't ;DklQ sxfFaf6 cfof] egL
- Page 101 and 102: flx+ ;fdfGo c•fdf . pgLx¿ b'a} s
- Page 103 and 104: ;d] t :s6\Nof08nfO{ lnPgg\ . kGw|f}
- Page 105 and 106: 5} g . d"nk|jfxsf] / fhgLltdf hghfl
- Page 107 and 108: kmNg ghfGg] vGo" g] tfx¿ ; g\ @)!$
- Page 109 and 110: ef/ tsf k|wfgdGqL g/ ] Gb| df] bL k
u/ ] t x'“bf] / x] 5 lg Û<br />
Ps lbg Psflaxfg} Pp6f ;dfrf/ k9] / dg g} k|k'mNn eof] . s'/ f *<br />
h'nfO{ @)!$sf] xf] . gful/ s Go"hsf] …cleefjs rf;f] n] :s"n<br />
cAanÚ zLif{ssf] cgnfOg ;dfrf/ ljZn] if0f k9] kl5 dg o;/ L ub\ub\ ePsf]<br />
lyof] . gful/ s Go"hnfO{ cGtd{gb] lv wGojfb . n] v kl9;s] kl5 d cgfofz<br />
PSn} u'Gu'gfpg k'u] 5'=== …u/] t x'Fbf] / x] 5 lg ÛÚ awfO{ tL :s"nx¿nfO{ .<br />
;fw'jfb tL :s"nsf lhDd] jf/ k|wfgcWofks, ldx] gtL lzIfs tyf ;lqmo<br />
cleefjsx¿nfO{ .<br />
o; cl3sf d] / f n] vgLdf d} n] lzIfs / cleefjssf] e"ldsfsf af/ ] df<br />
rrf{ ub} { pbfx/ 0fx¿ k] z u/ ] sf] lyPF . gful/ s Go"hsf] ;f] ;dfrf/ ljZn] if0f<br />
;f] xL d] ;f] df yk pbfx/ 0f xf] . ;f] n] vn] Pp6f uDeL/ k|Zg p7fpFb} ljifo<br />
k|j] z u/ ] sf] 5M …pkTosfsf s/ La 8] 9 bh{g ;/ sf/ L :s"n s'g} dxËf lghL<br />
:s"neGbf sd 5} gg\ . k|df0f xf] – o;kflnsf] P;=Pn=;L= glthf . b] z} el/<br />
;/ sf/ L :s"nsf] glthf vl:s/ x] sf / ;of} +n] z"Go kl/ 0ffd NofPsf a] nf<br />
oL ljBfno aif] {gL s;/ L ztk|ltzt ljBfyL{ / fd|f] >] 0fLdf pQL0f{ u/ fpg<br />
;kmn 5g\ t
Change language