सन्दर्भ र अनुभूतिहरु
A Collection of Critical Articles by BASU sHARMA A Collection of Critical Articles by BASU sHARMA
cfwfl/ t rnlrq lgdf{0f ug{kl§ lsg ;f] r k'¥ofpg ;Sb} gg\ / ;:tf d;nfsf rnlrqx¿ lgdf{0f ug{ dfq cu|;/ x'G5g\ < o:tf rnlrqn] sdfO{ ug{ ;Sb} g eGg] nfu] sf] xf] eg] , To:tf] ;f] r unt xf] eGg] hjfkm kLs] n] g} lbO;s] sf] 5 – b'O{ xKtfd} #)) s/ f] 8sf] sdfO{ u/ L clxn] ;Dds} ;jf{lws sdfO{ ug] { lxGbL rnlrqsf] / ] s8{ / fv] / . o; tkm{ g] kfnL l;g] hutn] ;f] rf] ;\ egL sfdgf ug'{ cg'ko'Qm gxf] nf g} . ca Psl5g xfd|f cfˆg} s] xL cGwljZjf; / wdf{Gwf] kgsf s'/ f u/ f} + . x'g t ;dosf] ult;Fu} cfPsf kl/ jt{gx¿n] gofF ;fdflhs cGt/ ;DaGwx¿ ljsl;t eO{ gofFkg, kl/ dfh{g / kl/ jt{g gePsf klg xf] Ogg\ . tyflk gofF– gofF ¿kdf cGwljZjf; / k/ Dk/ fsf] ljsf; klg eO/ x] s} 5g\ . d oxfF To:tf cg] sf} + k|;+ux¿ dWo] pbfx/ 0fsf ¿kdf b'O{j6f ;Gbe{df rrf{ u5'{ . klxnf] M lxGb" wd{leqsf ljleGg ;Dk|bfox¿ / bf] ;|f] xf] , lxGb" k/ Dk/ f cg';f/ sf] d[To';+:sf/ sf af/ ] df . lxGb" kl/ jf/ df hlGdPsf] d o'jf cj:yfdf k'uL wd{ / k/ Dk/ fsf af/ ] df s] xL a'‰g ;Sg] geP;Dd lxGb" wd{ cGt u{t cg] sg\ ;Dk|bfo 5g\ / ltgsf] ;~rfng cf–cfˆg} s] Gb| / ljlwåf/ f x'G5g\ eGg] s'/ fsf] kQ} ePg . t/ klg clxn] hlt gfgfyl/ tL lbgx¿df b] lvPsf lyPgg\ jf eP klg k|rf/ df jf cfd hfgsf/ Ldf cfPsf lyPgg\ . lxGb" wd{leq ;gftg dfu{ afx] s a} i0fj, z} j, s[i0f k|0ffdL, cfTd1fg, / fw] / fw] , ;fO{/ fd, cf] zf] cflb h:tf au|] NtL ;Dk|bfo b] lvG5g\ . oL ;a} dfu{ / ;Dk|bfox¿ rnlrq kLs] n] eg] em} + cf–cfˆgf …sDkgLÚsf ¿kdf cf–cfˆg} s] Gb|åf/ f ;~rflnt ePsf b] lvG5g\ . cjnDaLx¿sf] cGwljZjf; afx] s oL dWo] PsnfO{ ;xL / c?nfO{ unt eGg] s'g} 7f] ; cfwf/ 5} g . ca bf] ;|f] ;Gbe{ cyf{t\ d[To';+:sf/ sf af/ ] df clnslt rrf{ u/ f} + . ut jif{ xfd|L cfdf lbj+ut x'g'eof] . xfdL kfFr bfh'efO t] x| lbg;Dd k/ Dk/ fut k|rng d'tflas lsl/ of a:of} + / To;kl5 x/ ] s dlxgf dfl;s >f4 ub} { Ps jif{;Dd cfdfsf] a/ vL af¥of} + . k/ b] zdf x'g] bfh'efOn] vfg] s'/ fx¿ / Zj] t j:q kGw| lbgsf] ljlwkl5 k'msfof} + eg] b'O{ bfh'x¿n] jif{ lbgel/ g} afg'{eof] . o;/ L kGw| lbgdf jf k} +tfnL; lbgdf k'msfpg] k|rng ePsfn] g} xfdLn] k'msfPsf lyof} + jf k'msfpg] cg'dlt kfPsf lyof} + . k|Zg s] xf] eg], o;/ L k'msfpg ldN5 ls ldNb}g < olb ldNb}g eg] k'msfpg] rng s;/ L cfof] / ldN5 eg] ;Gbe{ / cg'e"ltx¿
;a}n] lsg gk'msfpg] < To:t} , xfn;fn} Pp6f s] va/ k|sfzdf cfof] eg] b'O{ kf] v/ ] n bfh'efOn] t] x| lbgsf] lsl/ ofsf] ljlwnfO{ kfFr lbgdf 5f]6ØfP/ ;DkGg u/ ]5g\ . o;/ L 5f]6Øfpg ldN5 < ldNb} g eg] sd{sf08sf kl08tx¿n] klg of] 7Ls} xf] eg] / lsg eg] < oL ;a} k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkm cGwljZjf;df cfwfl/ t ts{ g} xf] . oxfF rrf{ ul/ Psf b'O{j6f ;Gbe{ pbfx/ 0f dfq x'g\ . o:tf cg] sg\ cGwljZjf;L k|rng lxGb" wd{leq kfOG5g\ . lxGb" wd{ dfq xf] Og, cGo ;a} wd{leq o:tf cg] sg\ cGwljZjf;df cfwfl/ t k/ Dk/ f, cfr/ 0f / k|rngx¿ 5g\ . To:tf cGwljZjf; / hgefjgfsf] cg'lrt kmfObf lnO/ x] sf slyt u'?x¿sf ultljlwnfO{ lr/ kmf/ / phfu/ u/ ] s} sf/ 0fn] rnlrq kLs] n] ;dy{g / lj/ f] wsf] ¿kdf ;dfhdf t/ Ë l;h{gf u¥of] . cGwljZjf;sf lj/ f] wLx¿n] rnlrqsf] k|z+;f u/ ] sf 5g\ eg] cg'lrt kmfObf k|fKt -wd{sf] bf] sfgbf/ L_ ul/ / x] sfx¿n] cf:yfdflysf] k|xf/ eGb} lj/ f] w u/ ] sf 5g\ . hg;d'bfosf] efjgf;Fu ;DaGw / fVg] x'gfn] ;a} wfld{s cf:yfx¿nfO{ ;dfg ¿kdf ;Ddfg ul/ g' t kb{5Ù t/ wd{sf] gfddf ljefhg, ljå] if / snx u/ fpg] k|k~r Pjd\ hgtfsf] ljZjf;sf] cg'lrt kmfObf lng] k08flu/ Lsf] eg] e08fkmf] / x'g} kb{5 eGg] of] k+lQmsf/ nfO{ nfUb5 . o; tk{m ;zSt ;Gb] z lbg ;kmn rnlrq kLs] k|z+;fof] Uo 5 . jf;' zdf{
- Page 113 and 114: ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL (federal system)
- Page 115 and 116: nflu / fd|f] xf] < s] PsfTds zf;g k
- Page 117 and 118: lgIf]k0f ug{ ;lsG5 . s]Gb|, k|b]z /
- Page 119 and 120: ePsf] klg Ps bzs x'g cfFl6;Sof] . t
- Page 121 and 122: { ljå] if k} mnfpg] pgsf ljrf/ , c
- Page 123 and 124: lu/ LhL lrQ gb'vfpgf] ;\ . jf:tjdf
- Page 125 and 126: lvlTvt] x¿nfO{ ;f] wk'5 ug{ ;lsof]
- Page 127 and 128: hgtfsf] lxtsf] s;Ldf 3f] 6] / x] bf
- Page 129 and 130: qmflGt, ;+3if{ / cfGbf] ngx¿df ;a}
- Page 131 and 132: ehgd08nL ;+:s[lt Pjd\ l;lS;sf] dfGg
- Page 133 and 134: o; ;Gbe{df gs'n sfhLnfO{ d eGg rfxG
- Page 135 and 136: ts{ s'ts{x¿sf] /} +bfnf] ;fdflhs ;
- Page 137 and 138: xr'jfsf e/ df o;/ L s'ts{ unf{g\ eg
- Page 139 and 140: xNnfpg ;S5 .Ú pgnfO{ Pp6f k|Zg ;f]
- Page 141 and 142: g] t[Tj u/ ] sf lyP . h'g kf6L{x¿n
- Page 143 and 144: hftLotfsf] e'ml;nf] 8sf/ 5f8] / . k
- Page 145 and 146: ;+ljwfg, ;xdlt / df] bLsf] rf;f] ef
- Page 147 and 148: ljZn] if0f u/ L dfgl;s ¿kdf tof/ x
- Page 149 and 150: lj1fg / k|ljlwn] 5nfª dfb} {5, xfd
- Page 151 and 152: klg sd x'G5 ls h:tf] 5 . ;fdflhs ;~
- Page 153 and 154: pgnfO{ o:tf] ;kmntf ldNg ;SYof] xf]
- Page 155 and 156: g] kfnL o'jf-o'jtLnfO{ ;'wfg] { cle
- Page 157 and 158: dfq xf] Og xf] nf . ;+;f/ sf h'g-h'
- Page 159 and 160: ;fdflhs dfGotf g} dlxnfdfly x'g] cG
- Page 161 and 162: n] v n] Vg] , ldl8ofdf af] Ng] s'/
- Page 163: f] xf] ¥ofP/ kLs] x] l/ ;s] kl5 d
- Page 167 and 168: vf] Hg] gfddf ;+ljwfg;ef aflx/ efF8
- Page 169 and 170: clxn] g] kfnsf] / fhgLltn] :jfy{ /
- Page 171 and 172: ls 5} g < d08] nfsf] pQm egfOk|lt
- Page 173 and 174: l;4fGt jf ljrf/ ;xL x'GYof] eg] ;+;
- Page 175 and 176: vf] h] sf] ;+Vofn] g} b] vfpF5 . k"
- Page 177 and 178: eg] d k6Ss} ;xdt x'g ;lSbg . xftdf
- Page 179 and 180: p2] Zon] n] Vg] n] vsx¿n] t emg} l
- Page 181 and 182: ;/ sf/ L lgsfosf kbx¿df lgo'lQm Pj
- Page 183 and 184: nf] stflGqs/ 0fdf cfO{ kg] { cln uD
- Page 185 and 186: cfˆg} ts{ k|:t't ug{ ;Snfg\ . s;}
- Page 187 and 188: ;QflnK;f / bnLo :jfy{nfO{ Wo] o agf
- Page 189: jf;' zdf{
;a}n] lsg gk'msfpg] < To:t} , xfn;fn} Pp6f s] va/ k|sfzdf cfof] eg] b'O{<br />
kf] v/ ] n bfh'efOn] t] x| lbgsf] lsl/ ofsf] ljlwnfO{ kfFr lbgdf 5f]6ØfP/ ;DkGg<br />
u/ ]5g\ . o;/ L 5f]6Øfpg ldN5 < ldNb} g eg] sd{sf08sf kl08tx¿n] klg of]<br />
7Ls} xf] eg] / lsg eg] < oL ;a} k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkm cGwljZjf;df cfwfl/ t<br />
ts{ g} xf] .<br />
oxfF rrf{ ul/ Psf b'O{j6f ;Gbe{ pbfx/ 0f dfq x'g\ . o:tf cg] sg\<br />
cGwljZjf;L k|rng lxGb" wd{leq kfOG5g\ . lxGb" wd{ dfq xf] Og, cGo ;a}<br />
wd{leq o:tf cg] sg\ cGwljZjf;df cfwfl/ t k/ Dk/ f, cfr/ 0f / k|rngx¿<br />
5g\ . To:tf cGwljZjf; / hgefjgfsf] cg'lrt kmfObf lnO/ x] sf slyt<br />
u'?x¿sf ultljlwnfO{ lr/ kmf/ / phfu/ u/ ] s} sf/ 0fn] rnlrq kLs] n] ;dy{g<br />
/ lj/ f] wsf] ¿kdf ;dfhdf t/ Ë l;h{gf u¥of] . cGwljZjf;sf lj/ f] wLx¿n]<br />
rnlrqsf] k|z+;f u/ ] sf 5g\ eg] cg'lrt kmfObf k|fKt -wd{sf] bf] sfgbf/ L_<br />
ul/ / x] sfx¿n] cf:yfdflysf] k|xf/ eGb} lj/ f] w u/ ] sf 5g\ . hg;d'bfosf]<br />
efjgf;Fu ;DaGw / fVg] x'gfn] ;a} wfld{s cf:yfx¿nfO{ ;dfg ¿kdf ;Ddfg<br />
ul/ g' t kb{5Ù t/ wd{sf] gfddf ljefhg, ljå] if / snx u/ fpg] k|k~r Pjd\<br />
hgtfsf] ljZjf;sf] cg'lrt kmfObf lng] k08flu/ Lsf] eg] e08fkmf] / x'g} kb{5<br />
eGg] of] k+lQmsf/ nfO{ nfUb5 . o; tk{m ;zSt ;Gb] z lbg ;kmn rnlrq<br />
kLs] k|z+;fof] Uo 5 .<br />
jf;' zdf{
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