सन्दर्भ र अनुभूतिहरु
A Collection of Critical Articles by BASU sHARMA A Collection of Critical Articles by BASU sHARMA
plrt sbd p7fP5g\ o'jfx¿n] ;' g;/ Lsf o'jf tyf ljBfyL{x¿n] plrt sbd p7fP5g\ . w] / } ;dokl5 Pp6f cfznfUbf] / fhgLlts kxn ;DaGwL ;dfrf/ k9\g kfOof] . g] tfx¿sf u} / lhDd] jf/ / j} ofsf sf/ 0fn] lynlynf] ePsf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf oL o'jfsf] sbdn] yf] / } eP klg / fxt lbPsf] 5 . ;'g;/ Lsf oL cfFl6nf o'jfx¿nfO{ ;fw'jfb Û ut jif{ gf] e] Da/ sf] Ps ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ;Qfdf / x] sf / k|ltkIfdf / x] sf ljleGg / fhgLlts bnx¿;Fu ;Dj4 ;'g;/ Lsf o'jf tyf ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx¿n] tf] lsPsf] ;doleq ;+ljwfg hf/ L u/ L d'n'snfO{ cu|ultdf 8f] ¥ofpg g] tfx¿nfO{ bafa lbg] p2] Zosf ;fy Pp6f ;+o'St ;+oGq u7g u/ ] 5g\ . t/ , g] kfnsf] b'ef{Uok"0f{ lgolt g} xf] ls o:tf / fd|f sfdx¿ t'xfOG5g\ / oL o'jfx¿n] klg p2] Zo cg'?k cf–cfˆgf bnx¿nfO{ k|efjL bafa lbg ;s] gg\ zfob . To;} n] , tf] lsPsf] ;dodf ;+ljwfg aGg ;s] g / ;+ljwfg hf/ L ug{ tf] lsPsf] ;do 3ls{of] . tyflk o:tf / fd|f sfdx¿n] b"/ ufdL k|efj 5f] 8\g ;S5g\ / tL o'jfx¿sf] sbd klg ;'g;/ Ldf dfq / Pp6f ;Lldt ;do;Ldfsf nflu dfq / xg] 5} g . clkt' eljiosf nflu / fli6«o:t/ df ;Gb] z lbg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . dnfO{ rf0fSosf] Pp6f egfO ofb cfO/ x] sf] 5 . pgn] eg] sf lyP– …k"mnsf] dxs xfjf au] sf] lbzftk{m dfq k} mnG5, hals JolStx¿sf] c;n sfdsf] ;'jf;gf x/ ] s lbzfdf k} mnG5 .Ú cjZod] j o:tf] c;n sfdsf] k|efj ;a} lt/ kg] {5 . ;'g;/ Lsf o'jfx¿n] o:tf] sbd lsg p7fpg' k¥of] t < d'n'ssf] eljio ;Gbe{ / cg'e"ltx¿
hgtfsf] lxtsf] s;Ldf 3f] 6] / x] bf{ 5n{Ë s] b] lvG5 eg] , o:tf] sbd rfNg cfjZos lyof] . g] tfx¿ k+u' dfq xf] Og, u} / lhDd] jf/ klg ;fljt eO/ x] sf 5g\ . s';L{ / ;QflnK;fdf lgln{Kt eP/ s'/ f sy'g{ afx] s ltgn] cyf] {s b] Vbf klg b] v] gg\ / hfGbf klg hfg] gg\ . t/ lj8Dagf Û ltg} sf] xfnLd'xfnL rln/ x] sf] 5 / fhgLltdf Û ltgnfO{ s;n] tx nufpg ;Snfg\ t < lgZro g} ltg} sf sfo{stf{n] tx nufpg ;S5g\ . vf;u/ L o'jf k':tfsf sfo{stf{n] o;} u/ L ;sf/ fTds sbd p7fpFb} uP eg] g] kfnL / fhgLltsf] a] lyltnfO{ dd{t u/ L 7Ls7fs kfg{ ;Sg] 5g\ eGg] s'/ fsf] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 . lsgeg] 8fF8fsf 3fd x'Fb} uPsf g] tfx¿n] jt{dfg dfq b] Vg ;S5g\ eg] o'jfx¿n] jt{dfg / eljio b'a} b] Vg ;S5g\ . o;} n] o'jfx¿n] / fhgLltsf] nufd cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf lng cu|;/ x'g cfjZos 5 eg] / d} n] d] / f n] vx¿df k6s–k6s s'/ f p7fO/ x] sf] x'F . g] kfnL / fhgLltsf] kl5Nnf] kl/ b[ZonfO{ x] g] { xf] eg] d'n's cToGt u} / lhDd] jf/ / fhgLltsf] lzsf/ alg/ x] sf] / ;Í6f] Gd'v cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/ x] sf] b] Vg ;lsG5 . ;dfh kl/ jt{gsf lxdfotL d"nwf/ sf / fhgLlts bnx¿ Ps} 7fpFdf bx|f] ;Fu pleg' kg] {df 5'b| :jfy{x¿sf] av] 8f lemsL cfk;df b"/ L a9fpFb} uPsf b] lvG5g\ . cgfjZos w|'jLs/ 0f / cfk;L ltSttf a9\b} 5 . / fhgLlts cj:yf wldnf] / t/ n 5 . o:tf] t/ n cj:yfaf6 nfe p7fpg h'g;'s} s'gfaf6 h'g;'s} tTjx¿n] klg 6fpsf] p7fpg / rnv] n ug{ ;S5 eGg] s'/ fsf] af] w g] tfx¿nfO{ lsg eO/ x] sf] 5} g – a'‰g ufx|f] eO/ x] sf] 5 . b] zsf] cl:dtfdfly v] naf8 ub} { cltjfbL zlStx¿sf] rnv] n eO/ x] sf] 5 . Psyl/ cltjfbLx¿ hftLo jf If] qLo / fHosf] gfddf d'n'snfO{ @$) jif{ cyf{t\ g] kfn PsLs/ 0fk"j{sf] cj:yfdf 6'qmf–6'qmf kfg{ rflx/ x] sf 5g\ eg] csf{yl/ cltjfbLx¿ lxGb" / fi6«sf gfddf e/ v/ } dfq kmflnPsf] / fhtGqsf] k'gM:yfkgf ug{ rflx/ x] sf 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf d"nwf/ sf / fhgLlts bnx¿ ;d] t cfk;df b"/ L a9fpFb} ltg} cltjfbLx¿nfO{ alnof] agfO/ x] sf dfq xf] Og, cfk} +m ;d] t ;+nUg x'g yfn] sf 5g\ . d oxfF oL k|;Ëx¿df clnslt rrf{ ug{ rfxG5' . ;j{k|yd rrf{ u/ f} + – lxGb"jfbL / fhfjfbL zlStsf] rnv] nsf ;DaGwdf . ;Qfaf6 ˆofFlsPsf k"j{/ fhf 1fg] Gb|nfO{ k] ml/ / fhf aGg] / ;Qfef] u ug] { nfnrf jf;' zdf{
- Page 75 and 76: d'n's / hgtfk|ltsf] ;f] r / Jojxf/
- Page 77 and 78: g] t[Tj x:tfGt/ 0fsf nflu cGtMkf6L{
- Page 79 and 80: hgtfsf] ;+3if{åf/ f k|fKt nf] stfl
- Page 81 and 82: ug] { cf} hf/ eg] / ldqjt\ ;Nnfx lb
- Page 83 and 84: ;] / f] k] m/ f] leq kg] { ufpF-a:t
- Page 85 and 86: s'/ f xf] . o;/ L ljleGg hfthflt /
- Page 87 and 88: gu/ kflnsf / ljsf;sf dfkb08x¿ lj=
- Page 89 and 90: tfsfsf] -;g\ @))^_ / cfhsf] plnrdf
- Page 91 and 92: plnr / eb|k'/ em} + r} gk'/ klg Olt
- Page 93 and 94: g] tfx¿sf] csd{0otfsf] g} kl/ 0ffd
- Page 95 and 96: klg aHg / f] lsg] 5 / d"lt{ klg ef]
- Page 97 and 98: e|i6frf/ sf] bnbn n08gaf6 k|sflzt x
- Page 99 and 100: To:tf] cs't ;DklQ sxfFaf6 cfof] egL
- Page 101 and 102: flx+ ;fdfGo c•fdf . pgLx¿ b'a} s
- Page 103 and 104: ;d] t :s6\Nof08nfO{ lnPgg\ . kGw|f}
- Page 105 and 106: 5} g . d"nk|jfxsf] / fhgLltdf hghfl
- Page 107 and 108: kmNg ghfGg] vGo" g] tfx¿ ; g\ @)!$
- Page 109 and 110: ef/ tsf k|wfgdGqL g/ ] Gb| df] bL k
- Page 111 and 112: cfjZos 5 . zf;sLo :j¿k / ;+3Lotfsf
- Page 113 and 114: ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL (federal system)
- Page 115 and 116: nflu / fd|f] xf] < s] PsfTds zf;g k
- Page 117 and 118: lgIf]k0f ug{ ;lsG5 . s]Gb|, k|b]z /
- Page 119 and 120: ePsf] klg Ps bzs x'g cfFl6;Sof] . t
- Page 121 and 122: { ljå] if k} mnfpg] pgsf ljrf/ , c
- Page 123 and 124: lu/ LhL lrQ gb'vfpgf] ;\ . jf:tjdf
- Page 125: lvlTvt] x¿nfO{ ;f] wk'5 ug{ ;lsof]
- Page 129 and 130: qmflGt, ;+3if{ / cfGbf] ngx¿df ;a}
- Page 131 and 132: ehgd08nL ;+:s[lt Pjd\ l;lS;sf] dfGg
- Page 133 and 134: o; ;Gbe{df gs'n sfhLnfO{ d eGg rfxG
- Page 135 and 136: ts{ s'ts{x¿sf] /} +bfnf] ;fdflhs ;
- Page 137 and 138: xr'jfsf e/ df o;/ L s'ts{ unf{g\ eg
- Page 139 and 140: xNnfpg ;S5 .Ú pgnfO{ Pp6f k|Zg ;f]
- Page 141 and 142: g] t[Tj u/ ] sf lyP . h'g kf6L{x¿n
- Page 143 and 144: hftLotfsf] e'ml;nf] 8sf/ 5f8] / . k
- Page 145 and 146: ;+ljwfg, ;xdlt / df] bLsf] rf;f] ef
- Page 147 and 148: ljZn] if0f u/ L dfgl;s ¿kdf tof/ x
- Page 149 and 150: lj1fg / k|ljlwn] 5nfª dfb} {5, xfd
- Page 151 and 152: klg sd x'G5 ls h:tf] 5 . ;fdflhs ;~
- Page 153 and 154: pgnfO{ o:tf] ;kmntf ldNg ;SYof] xf]
- Page 155 and 156: g] kfnL o'jf-o'jtLnfO{ ;'wfg] { cle
- Page 157 and 158: dfq xf] Og xf] nf . ;+;f/ sf h'g-h'
- Page 159 and 160: ;fdflhs dfGotf g} dlxnfdfly x'g] cG
- Page 161 and 162: n] v n] Vg] , ldl8ofdf af] Ng] s'/
- Page 163 and 164: f] xf] ¥ofP/ kLs] x] l/ ;s] kl5 d
- Page 165 and 166: ;a}n] lsg gk'msfpg] < To:t} , xfn;f
- Page 167 and 168: vf] Hg] gfddf ;+ljwfg;ef aflx/ efF8
- Page 169 and 170: clxn] g] kfnsf] / fhgLltn] :jfy{ /
- Page 171 and 172: ls 5} g < d08] nfsf] pQm egfOk|lt
- Page 173 and 174: l;4fGt jf ljrf/ ;xL x'GYof] eg] ;+;
- Page 175 and 176: vf] h] sf] ;+Vofn] g} b] vfpF5 . k"
plrt sbd p7fP5g\<br />
o'jfx¿n]<br />
;'<br />
g;/ Lsf o'jf tyf ljBfyL{x¿n] plrt sbd p7fP5g\ . w] / } ;dokl5<br />
Pp6f cfznfUbf] / fhgLlts kxn ;DaGwL ;dfrf/ k9\g kfOof] .<br />
g] tfx¿sf u} / lhDd] jf/ / j} ofsf sf/ 0fn] lynlynf] ePsf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf<br />
oL o'jfsf] sbdn] yf] / } eP klg / fxt lbPsf] 5 . ;'g;/ Lsf oL cfFl6nf<br />
o'jfx¿nfO{ ;fw'jfb Û<br />
ut jif{ gf] e] Da/ sf] Ps ;dfrf/ cg';f/ ;Qfdf / x] sf / k|ltkIfdf<br />
/ x] sf ljleGg / fhgLlts bnx¿;Fu ;Dj4 ;'g;/ Lsf o'jf tyf ljBfyL{<br />
;+u7gx¿n] tf] lsPsf] ;doleq ;+ljwfg hf/ L u/ L d'n'snfO{ cu|ultdf<br />
8f] ¥ofpg g] tfx¿nfO{ bafa lbg] p2] Zosf ;fy Pp6f ;+o'St ;+oGq u7g<br />
u/ ] 5g\ . t/ , g] kfnsf] b'ef{Uok"0f{ lgolt g} xf] ls o:tf / fd|f sfdx¿ t'xfOG5g\<br />
/ oL o'jfx¿n] klg p2] Zo cg'?k cf–cfˆgf bnx¿nfO{ k|efjL bafa<br />
lbg ;s] gg\ zfob . To;} n] , tf] lsPsf] ;dodf ;+ljwfg aGg ;s] g /<br />
;+ljwfg hf/ L ug{ tf] lsPsf] ;do 3ls{of] . tyflk o:tf / fd|f sfdx¿n]<br />
b"/ ufdL k|efj 5f] 8\g ;S5g\ / tL o'jfx¿sf] sbd klg ;'g;/ Ldf dfq /<br />
Pp6f ;Lldt ;do;Ldfsf nflu dfq / xg] 5} g . clkt' eljiosf nflu<br />
/ fli6«o:t/ df ;Gb] z lbg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . dnfO{ rf0fSosf] Pp6f egfO<br />
ofb cfO/ x] sf] 5 . pgn] eg] sf lyP– …k"mnsf] dxs xfjf au] sf] lbzftk{m<br />
dfq k} mnG5, hals JolStx¿sf] c;n sfdsf] ;'jf;gf x/ ] s lbzfdf<br />
k} mnG5 .Ú cjZod] j o:tf] c;n sfdsf] k|efj ;a} lt/ kg] {5 .<br />
;'g;/ Lsf o'jfx¿n] o:tf] sbd lsg p7fpg' k¥of] t < d'n'ssf] eljio<br />
<br />
;Gbe{ / cg'e"ltx¿