सन्दर्भ र अनुभूतिहरु
A Collection of Critical Articles by BASU sHARMA A Collection of Critical Articles by BASU sHARMA
k|r08x¿sf / f] +8fOF / afnx7sf nflu eg] / l;h{gf ul/ Psf] ;+j} wflgs– / fhgLlts ;Dafb tyf ;xdlt ;ldltsf] k6s–k6s Dofb yk ug{ dfq ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ePsf] t kSs} klg xf] Og xf] nf . t} klg ;ldltaf6 rfF8f] eGbf rfF8f] b] z / hgtfsf] lxtdf / fhg} lts ;xdlt sfod eO{ d'n'ssf] / fhgLlt cufl8 a9\nf ls eg] / hgtf cfzfn] x] l/ / x] sf lyP . t/ , kv{g' / x] g'{sf] klg Pp6f xb x'G5 . o; ;Gbe{df Ps cj;/ df ;efd'v ;'jf; g] Dafªn] …g] tfx¿ ;xdlt h'6fpgsf nflu dËnu|x / rGb|df afx] s ;a} :yfg k'lu;s] Ú eg] / u/ ] sf] s6fIf dggof] Uo 5 . olb ;xdltdf cfpg l;+xb/ af/ b] lv lnP/ kf6L{ sfof{nox¿, g] tfx¿sf lghL cfjf;x¿, tf/ ] xf] 6nx¿ / l/ ;f] 6{x¿df gh'/ ] s} xf] eg] ;efd'vn] eg] em} + j} slNks :yfgx¿sf] cj;/ klg g] tfx¿nfO{ lbg] kf] xf] ls t . o:tf] j} slNks :yfgdf d+unu|x / rGb|nf] seGbf k"j{ g] tfx¿nfO{ Ps xjfO{ cj;/ lbg' knf{ ls . To:tf] xjfO{ cj;/ sf ¿kdf Psk6s g] tfx¿nfO{ Pp6f x] lnsf] K6/ df / fvL g] kfnsf] k"j{b] lv klZrd;Dd / lxdfnb] lv t/ fO{;Ddsf] p8fg eb} { g] kfnsf] dfglrq, e"uf] n / Oltxf;sf] cjnf] sg ub} { ldl6Ë ubf{ kf] ;xdltsf] ;fOt h'5{ ls t < ljrf/ ugf] {;\ x} g] tfu0f Û ca v'nfd~rsf] bafa;efdf k|r08 sd/ ] 8n] 7f] s] sf] efif0f af/ ] klg Psk6s lrGtg u/ f} + . s] eg] t k|r08n] cfˆgf] …k|r08Ú efif0fdf < ;dfrf/ df k9\g kfP cg';f/ pgn] eg] 5g\– …lul/ hfafa"sf] 6fpsf] af6 / ut aUbfsf] cj:yf s:tf] lyof] , Tof] klg :d/ 0f u/ fpg rfxG5'Ú . pgsf] of] cleJolStaf6 pgn] cfˆgf] l96nfO{ k'li6 ug{ lul/ hfafa"sf] d[tfTdfnfO{ k'sf/ ] 5g\ eGg] 5n{Ë x'G5 . zxLbx¿sf] zxfbtnfO{ lal;{P5g\ / c? ;a} sf] 5ftL / 6fpsf] af6 au] sf] / utnfO{ b] v] g5g\ . s] jn lul/ hfsf] 6fpsf] af6 au] sf] / ut dfq b] v] 5g\ pgn] . s'/ f o;} xf] nf . k|r08 Ps rt'/ JolSt x'g\ eGg] ;a} nfO{ yfxf ePs} s'/ f xf] . To;} n] lul/ hfsf] gfd lnP/ rt'¥ofOFk"j{s sf+u|] ;Lx¿nfO{ efjgfTds b'ik|efj kfg] { sfd (emotional blackmailing) u/ ] sf xf] nfg\ . tf ls sf+u|] ;Lx¿ pgsf] b'ik|efjdf k/ L pgsf] l96\ofOFnfO{ ;dy{g ug{ cfpg\ . To;kl5 klg pgn] k6s–k6s lul/ hf sf] O/ fnfsf] d[tfTdfnfO{ k'sf/ ] sf ;dfrf/ x¿ k9\g kfO/ lxPsf] 5 . hgtfsf] Pstfdf vnn k'¥ofpg] / hgtfaLr hftLotf Pjd\ If] qLotfsf] ;Gbe{ / cg'e"ltx¿
{ ljå] if k} mnfpg] pgsf ljrf/ , c8fg / slyt bafa tYo;+ut / hglxtsf/ L 5} gg\ eGg] s'/ f pgn] efjgfTds b'ik|efj kfg] { r] i6f ub} { lul/ hfsf] d[tfTdfnfO{ u'xfg'{n] g} k|i6 kfb{5 . wGo xf] g] tfhL Û k|r08 olt rfF8} j} rfl/ s ¿kdf o;/ L :vlnt xf] nfg\ eg] / t d} n] sNkgf klg u/ ] sf] lyOgF . nf] stflGqs cfGbf] ng kl5 b'nfaf6 k'mQ aflx/ lgl:sP/ af] Nbf z'?df t k|r08 Ps bdbf/ g] tf / x] 5g\, s] xL u5{g\ ls eGg] nfu] sf] lyof] . t/ , Tof] s] jn d] / f] e|d / x] 5 . ;dfrf/ cg';f/ cfˆgf] …bdbf/ Ú efif0f 7f] Sg] qmddf k|r08n] eg] 5g\– …d @@ bnsf] klg g] tf x'F, dw] zLsf] klg g] tf x'F, cflbjf;L–hghfltsf] klg g] tf x'F, dhb"/ sf] klg g] tf x'F, ls;fgsf] klg g] tf x'FÚ, cflb OToflb . pgsf] of] af] nL 7ØfSs} lul/ hf sf] O/ fnfsf] af] nL;Fu ldNg uof] x} . lul/ hfafa" klg ls;fgnfO{ e] 6\bf d klxn] ls;fg g} lyPF eGy]Ù dhb"/ nfO{ e]6\bf dhb"/ } lyPF eGy] . x' Fbf–x' Fbf lqms]6/ x¿;Fu e]6\bf d klg agf/ ;sf] uNnLdf lqms]6 v]Ng] uy] + / lqms]6/ g} lyPF eGg;Dd klg EofPsf lyP . lul/ hfs} af]nLsf] ;Ssn adf]lhdsf] gSsn b'?:t b]lvof] k|r08sf] af]nLdf klg . Sof j}rfl/ s tfnd]nÙ Sof ;f]rsf] Ps?ktf . wGg–wGg lul/ hf / k|r08 b'a}n] qmdzM d klg klxnf dlxnf g} lyPF / d dlxnfsf] klg g]tf x' F rflx+ egL xfn]g5g\ . h] xf];\, lul/ hfafa";Fusf] ;f]r / z}nLsf] Ps?ktf, lgs6tf / P]Soj4tf ePs} sf/ 0fn] xf]nfÙ zfob k|r08 sd/ ]8n] lul/ hfafa"sf] d[tfTdfnfO{ k'sf/ ]sf . o; dfg]df rflx+ k|r08n] bnut cx+sf/ / ;+sL0f{tfnfO{ Tofu]5g\ eg]/ dfGg} knf{ . …hlt nfdf] 8f] / L af6] klg ufF7f] Pp6} Ú eg] em} + ufF7L s'/ f eg] sf] zf] lift, kLl8t, ckx] lnt, ljkGg / lk5l8Psf hgtfsf] pTyfg / k|ultsf nflu / fHo / / fhgLltsf] bfloTjnfO{ s] Gb|ljGb'df / fVg' g} xf] . To;sf nflu g t bnut ;+sL0f{ :jfy{n] 5] s] af/ nufpg kfpF5 jf ;S5, g t g] tfsf cx+sf/ n] . of] ;TonfO{ g] tfn] a] n} df dgg u/ L s'Dnf] af] s] / l7dLlt/ xf] Og ls sfd s'/ f] lt/ } nflulbPb] lv / efn'n] cfˆgf] dg s] jn vlgpFdfly nufP/ 3t x] / ] h:tf] v'nfd~rdf dfq 3t x] / ] / / fhgLlt ug'{sf] ;§f cln km/ flsnf] bfo/ fdf ;f] r] / ul/ lbPb] lv g] kfnL hgtfn] klg ;'v / zflGtsf] ;f; k] mg{ kfpg] lyP . cGoyf oL a] df} ;dsf] / fu cnfKg] bafajfnfx¿nfO{ g} bafa lbg hgtfsf] ;zSt bafa l;h{gf geO{ gxf] nf h:tf] 5, g] tfx¿sf tfn b] Vbf . jf;' zdf{
- Page 69 and 70: { cfGtl/ s ;fdflhs cfh{gfGt/ 0f / u
- Page 71 and 72: hfu/ 0f Nofpg ;xof] u k'¥ofpg] b]
- Page 73 and 74: cfGtl/ s ;fdflhs cfh{gfGt/ 0fsf] cs
- Page 75 and 76: d'n's / hgtfk|ltsf] ;f] r / Jojxf/
- Page 77 and 78: g] t[Tj x:tfGt/ 0fsf nflu cGtMkf6L{
- Page 79 and 80: hgtfsf] ;+3if{åf/ f k|fKt nf] stfl
- Page 81 and 82: ug] { cf} hf/ eg] / ldqjt\ ;Nnfx lb
- Page 83 and 84: ;] / f] k] m/ f] leq kg] { ufpF-a:t
- Page 85 and 86: s'/ f xf] . o;/ L ljleGg hfthflt /
- Page 87 and 88: gu/ kflnsf / ljsf;sf dfkb08x¿ lj=
- Page 89 and 90: tfsfsf] -;g\ @))^_ / cfhsf] plnrdf
- Page 91 and 92: plnr / eb|k'/ em} + r} gk'/ klg Olt
- Page 93 and 94: g] tfx¿sf] csd{0otfsf] g} kl/ 0ffd
- Page 95 and 96: klg aHg / f] lsg] 5 / d"lt{ klg ef]
- Page 97 and 98: e|i6frf/ sf] bnbn n08gaf6 k|sflzt x
- Page 99 and 100: To:tf] cs't ;DklQ sxfFaf6 cfof] egL
- Page 101 and 102: flx+ ;fdfGo c•fdf . pgLx¿ b'a} s
- Page 103 and 104: ;d] t :s6\Nof08nfO{ lnPgg\ . kGw|f}
- Page 105 and 106: 5} g . d"nk|jfxsf] / fhgLltdf hghfl
- Page 107 and 108: kmNg ghfGg] vGo" g] tfx¿ ; g\ @)!$
- Page 109 and 110: ef/ tsf k|wfgdGqL g/ ] Gb| df] bL k
- Page 111 and 112: cfjZos 5 . zf;sLo :j¿k / ;+3Lotfsf
- Page 113 and 114: ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL (federal system)
- Page 115 and 116: nflu / fd|f] xf] < s] PsfTds zf;g k
- Page 117 and 118: lgIf]k0f ug{ ;lsG5 . s]Gb|, k|b]z /
- Page 119: ePsf] klg Ps bzs x'g cfFl6;Sof] . t
- Page 123 and 124: lu/ LhL lrQ gb'vfpgf] ;\ . jf:tjdf
- Page 125 and 126: lvlTvt] x¿nfO{ ;f] wk'5 ug{ ;lsof]
- Page 127 and 128: hgtfsf] lxtsf] s;Ldf 3f] 6] / x] bf
- Page 129 and 130: qmflGt, ;+3if{ / cfGbf] ngx¿df ;a}
- Page 131 and 132: ehgd08nL ;+:s[lt Pjd\ l;lS;sf] dfGg
- Page 133 and 134: o; ;Gbe{df gs'n sfhLnfO{ d eGg rfxG
- Page 135 and 136: ts{ s'ts{x¿sf] /} +bfnf] ;fdflhs ;
- Page 137 and 138: xr'jfsf e/ df o;/ L s'ts{ unf{g\ eg
- Page 139 and 140: xNnfpg ;S5 .Ú pgnfO{ Pp6f k|Zg ;f]
- Page 141 and 142: g] t[Tj u/ ] sf lyP . h'g kf6L{x¿n
- Page 143 and 144: hftLotfsf] e'ml;nf] 8sf/ 5f8] / . k
- Page 145 and 146: ;+ljwfg, ;xdlt / df] bLsf] rf;f] ef
- Page 147 and 148: ljZn] if0f u/ L dfgl;s ¿kdf tof/ x
- Page 149 and 150: lj1fg / k|ljlwn] 5nfª dfb} {5, xfd
- Page 151 and 152: klg sd x'G5 ls h:tf] 5 . ;fdflhs ;~
- Page 153 and 154: pgnfO{ o:tf] ;kmntf ldNg ;SYof] xf]
- Page 155 and 156: g] kfnL o'jf-o'jtLnfO{ ;'wfg] { cle
- Page 157 and 158: dfq xf] Og xf] nf . ;+;f/ sf h'g-h'
- Page 159 and 160: ;fdflhs dfGotf g} dlxnfdfly x'g] cG
- Page 161 and 162: n] v n] Vg] , ldl8ofdf af] Ng] s'/
- Page 163 and 164: f] xf] ¥ofP/ kLs] x] l/ ;s] kl5 d
- Page 165 and 166: ;a}n] lsg gk'msfpg] < To:t} , xfn;f
- Page 167 and 168: vf] Hg] gfddf ;+ljwfg;ef aflx/ efF8
- Page 169 and 170: clxn] g] kfnsf] / fhgLltn] :jfy{ /
k|r08x¿sf / f] +8fOF / afnx7sf nflu eg] / l;h{gf ul/ Psf] ;+j} wflgs–<br />
/ fhgLlts ;Dafb tyf ;xdlt ;ldltsf] k6s–k6s Dofb yk ug{ dfq<br />
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ePsf] t kSs} klg xf] Og xf] nf . t} klg ;ldltaf6<br />
rfF8f] eGbf rfF8f] b] z / hgtfsf] lxtdf / fhg} lts ;xdlt sfod eO{ d'n'ssf]<br />
/ fhgLlt cufl8 a9\nf ls eg] / hgtf cfzfn] x] l/ / x] sf lyP . t/ , kv{g'<br />
/ x] g'{sf] klg Pp6f xb x'G5 . o; ;Gbe{df Ps cj;/ df ;efd'v ;'jf;<br />
g] Dafªn] …g] tfx¿ ;xdlt h'6fpgsf nflu dËnu|x / rGb|df afx] s ;a}<br />
:yfg k'lu;s] Ú eg] / u/ ] sf] s6fIf dggof] Uo 5 . olb ;xdltdf cfpg<br />
l;+xb/ af/ b] lv lnP/ kf6L{ sfof{nox¿, g] tfx¿sf lghL cfjf;x¿, tf/ ]<br />
xf] 6nx¿ / l/ ;f] 6{x¿df gh'/ ] s} xf] eg] ;efd'vn] eg] em} + j} slNks<br />
:yfgx¿sf] cj;/ klg g] tfx¿nfO{ lbg] kf] xf] ls t . o:tf] j} slNks<br />
:yfgdf d+unu|x / rGb|nf] seGbf k"j{ g] tfx¿nfO{ Ps xjfO{ cj;/<br />
lbg' knf{ ls . To:tf] xjfO{ cj;/ sf ¿kdf Psk6s g] tfx¿nfO{ Pp6f<br />
x] lnsf] K6/ df / fvL g] kfnsf] k"j{b] lv klZrd;Dd / lxdfnb] lv t/ fO{;Ddsf]<br />
p8fg eb} { g] kfnsf] dfglrq, e"uf] n / Oltxf;sf] cjnf] sg ub} { ldl6Ë<br />
ubf{ kf] ;xdltsf] ;fOt h'5{ ls t < ljrf/ ugf] {;\ x} g] tfu0f Û<br />
ca v'nfd~rsf] bafa;efdf k|r08 sd/ ] 8n] 7f] s] sf] efif0f af/ ]<br />
klg Psk6s lrGtg u/ f} + . s] eg] t k|r08n] cfˆgf] …k|r08Ú efif0fdf <<br />
;dfrf/ df k9\g kfP cg';f/ pgn] eg] 5g\– …lul/ hfafa"sf] 6fpsf] af6 / ut<br />
aUbfsf] cj:yf s:tf] lyof] , Tof] klg :d/ 0f u/ fpg rfxG5'Ú . pgsf] of]<br />
cleJolStaf6 pgn] cfˆgf] l96nfO{ k'li6 ug{ lul/ hfafa"sf] d[tfTdfnfO{<br />
k'sf/ ] 5g\ eGg] 5n{Ë x'G5 . zxLbx¿sf] zxfbtnfO{ lal;{P5g\ / c? ;a} sf]<br />
5ftL / 6fpsf] af6 au] sf] / utnfO{ b] v] g5g\ . s] jn lul/ hfsf] 6fpsf] af6<br />
au] sf] / ut dfq b] v] 5g\ pgn] . s'/ f o;} xf] nf . k|r08 Ps rt'/ JolSt x'g\<br />
eGg] ;a} nfO{ yfxf ePs} s'/ f xf] . To;} n] lul/ hfsf] gfd lnP/ rt'¥ofOFk"j{s<br />
sf+u|] ;Lx¿nfO{ efjgfTds b'ik|efj kfg] { sfd (emotional blackmailing) u/ ] sf<br />
xf] nfg\ . tf ls sf+u|] ;Lx¿ pgsf] b'ik|efjdf k/ L pgsf] l96\ofOFnfO{ ;dy{g<br />
ug{ cfpg\ . To;kl5 klg pgn] k6s–k6s lul/ hf sf] O/ fnfsf] d[tfTdfnfO{<br />
k'sf/ ] sf ;dfrf/ x¿ k9\g kfO/ lxPsf] 5 .<br />
hgtfsf] Pstfdf vnn k'¥ofpg] / hgtfaLr hftLotf Pjd\ If] qLotfsf]<br />
<br />
;Gbe{ / cg'e"ltx¿
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