Centrifugal Pumps Design and Application 2nd ed - Val S. Lobanoff, Robert R. Ross (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992)
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Centrifugal Pumps Design and Application 2nd ed - Val S. Lobanoff, Robert R. Ross (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992)

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Rolling Element Bearings and Lubrications 555 cosity, and oil cleanliness. Unless these factors are understood and unless both user and designer take them into full account, bearing life may be erratic or perhaps even consistently too low. References 1. Armstrong, E. L., Murphy, W. R., and Wooding, P. S., "Evaluation of Water-Accelerated Bearing Fatigue in Oil-Lubricated Ball Bearings," Lubrication Engineering. Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 15-21. 2. Bloch, H. P., "Executing Oil Mist Lubrication in the 90s," Hydrocarbon Processing, October 1990, p. 25. 3. , Improving Machinery Reliability, Second Edition, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston 1988. 4. , Oil Mist Lubrication Handbook, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, 1987. 5. Bloch, H. P. and Geitner, F. K., Machinery Component Maintenance and Repair, Second Edition, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, 1990. 6. Bloch, H, P. and Johnson, D. A., "Downtime Prompts Upgrading of Centrifugal Pumps," Chemical Engineering, November 25, 1985. 7. Elliott, H. G. and Rice, D. W; "Development and Experience with a New Thrust Bearing System for Centrifugal Pumps," Proceedings of 4th International Pump Users Symposium, Texas A&M University, 1987. 8. Eschmann, Hasbargen, Weigand, Ball and Roller Bearings, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1983. 9. Heshmat, H. and Pinkus, O., "Experimental Study of Stable High- Speed Oil Rings," Transactions Of The ASME, Journal of Tribology, January 1985. 10. Horve, L. A., "CR Waveseal—A Detailed Synopsis of Five Comparative Life Tests," CR Industries, Elgin, Illinois, 1977. 11. James, R., Jr., "Pump Maintenance," Chemical Engineering Progress, February 1976, pp. 35-40. 12. "Lubrication of Anti-Friction Bearings," Form 446-1, TRW Bearings Division, Jamestown, New York 14701, January 1983. 13. MacKenzie, K. D., "Why Ball Bearings Fail," Product Data Bulletin No. 5, The Barden Corporation, Danbury, Connecticut. 14. Nagler, B., "Breathing: Dangerous to Gear Case Health," Power Transmission, January 1981. 15. Shelton, W A., "Lubed-For-Life Bearings on Centrifugal Pumps," Lubricating Engineering, June 1977.

21 by Gordon S. Buck John Crane Inc. Mechanical Seal Realibility In spite of recent advancements in mechanical sealing technology, excessive leakage is the most common cause of "pump repairs.'* In fact, seal-related repairs represent approximately 60% to 70% of all centrifugal pump maintenance work. Therefore, seal-related repairs are an excellent area to concentrate pump reliability improvement programs. Unfortunately, because of the many facets of seal reliability, this chapter can only serve as an overview and introduction to mechanical seal reliability. Although a meTchanical seal may be small enough to hold in your hand and simple in concept (see Chapter 17, Figure 17-1), it is actually a complex device. The successful operation of mechanical seals in centrifugal pumps calls for careful attention to detail in several areas. These areas are: • Seal hardware (including sleeve, gland, and gaskets). • Seal installation. • Pump hardware (including piping). • Pump repair and installation. • Pump operation (including flush to seal). Of course, these areas are not independent, but often seal reliability can be improved by concentrating on individual areas to solve particular problems. Naturally, the pertinent area must be selected or the effort may be entirely wasted. Therefore, the first step in reducing seal failures is to establish a seal failure analysis program. 556

21<br />

by Gordon S. Buck<br />

John Crane Inc.<br />

Mechanical<br />

Seal<br />

Realibility<br />

In spite of recent advancements in mechanical sealing technology, excessive<br />

leakage is the most common cause of "pump repairs.'* In fact,<br />

seal-relat<strong>ed</strong> repairs represent approximately 60% to 70% of all centrifugal<br />

pump maintenance work. Therefore, seal-relat<strong>ed</strong> repairs are an excellent<br />

area to concentrate pump reliability improvement programs. Unfortunately,<br />

because of the many facets of seal reliability, this chapter can<br />

only serve as an overview <strong>and</strong> introduction to mechanical seal reliability.<br />

Although a meTchanical seal may be small enough to hold in your h<strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>and</strong> simple in concept (see Chapter 17, Figure 17-1), it is actually a complex<br />

device. The successful operation of mechanical seals in centrifugal<br />

pumps calls for careful attention to detail in several areas. These areas<br />

are:<br />

• Seal hardware (including sleeve, gl<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> gaskets).<br />

• Seal installation.<br />

• Pump hardware (including piping).<br />

• Pump repair <strong>and</strong> installation.<br />

• Pump operation (including flush to seal).<br />

Of course, these areas are not independent, but often seal reliability<br />

can be improv<strong>ed</strong> by concentrating on individual areas to solve particular<br />

problems. Naturally, the pertinent area must be select<strong>ed</strong> or the effort may<br />

be entirely wast<strong>ed</strong>. Therefore, the first step in r<strong>ed</strong>ucing seal failures is to<br />

establish a seal failure analysis program.<br />

556

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