Centrifugal Pumps Design and Application 2nd ed - Val S. Lobanoff, Robert R. Ross (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992)

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Rolling Element Bearings and Lubrications 533 Table 20-1 Results of Grease Incompatibility Study Aluminum Complex X I I C I I i I C I Barium I X I _C_I I I I I l_ Calcium I I X C j C C B C \__ Calcium 12-hydroxy C C C X B C C C C l_ Caiclum Complex I J B X I I I _C _C_ Clay i C C I X I I . I I Lithium i C C i ! X C C i Lithium 12-hydroxy I B C ! I C X C I Lithium Complex C C C C I C C X \_ Polyurea I i I I C I I I I X B = Borderline Compatibility C = Compatible I = Incompatible Derived from a paper given by E. H. Meyers entitled "Incompatibility of Greases" at the NLGI's 49th Annual Meeting, prevent oxidation damage during storage. Obviously, this grease should not be mixed with many of the typical greases used by modern process plants. Application Limits for Greases Bearings and bearing lubricants are subject to four prime operating influences: speed, load, temperature, and environmental factors. The optimal operating speeds for ball and roller type bearings—as related to lu-
534 Centrifugal Pumps: Design and Application brication—are functions of what is termed the DN factor. To establish th DN factor for a particular bearing, the bore of the bearing (in millime ters) is multiplied by the revolutions per minute, that is: ?5mm x 1000 rpm = 75,000 DN value Speed limits for conventional greases have been established to rang< from 100,000 to 150,000 DN for most spherical roller type bearings an< 200,000 to 300,000 DN values for most conventional ball bearings Higher DN limits can sometimes be achieved for both ball and roller typ bearings, but require close consultation with the bearing manufacture! When operating at DN values higher than those indicated above, use ei ther special greases incorporating good channeling characteristics or cir culating oil. Typical relubrication intervals are given in Figure 20-3. Figure 20-3. Relubrication intervals recommended by SKF Bearing Company. Life-Time Lubricated, "Sealed" Bearings As shown in Table 20-2, "lubrication for life" ranks last in order of preference [8J. Lubed-for-life bearings incorporate close-fitting seals in place of, or in addition to shields. These bearings are customarily found on low horsepower motors or on appliances that operate intermittently.
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CENTRIFIUGAL PUMPS Design & applica
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CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS Design & Applicat
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Contents Preface —..... —......
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ern Pumps, Mine Dewatering Pumps. W
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Stage Pumps. Single-Suction Single-
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Preface When Val and I decided to c
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CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS Design & applicat
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Part 1 Elements of Pump Design
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1 Introduction System Analysis for
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Introduction 5 Figure 1-2. The syst
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Introduction 7 mate responsibility
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Introduction 9 Figure 1-6. Maximum
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2 Specific Speed and Modeling Laws
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Specific Speed and Modeling Laws 13
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Figyre 2-7, New pump from model pum
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Impeller Design 29 Figure 3-1. Requ
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Impeller Design 31 Figure 3-4. Capa
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Impeller Design 33 Step 8: Estimate
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Impeller Design 35 Figure 3-7. Volu
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impeller Design 37 (2) 5 , as final
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Impeller Design 39 The vane develop
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Impeller Design 41 Figure 3-12. Are
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impeller Design 43 Figure 3-16. Inf
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4 General Pump Design It is not a d
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General Pump Design 4? Figure 4-1.
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General Pump Design 49 designed and
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Volute Design 51 Figure 5-1. Volute
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Volute Design 53 Figure 5-2. Radial
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Volute Design 55
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Volute Design 57 Figure 5-4. Effici
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Volute Design 59 Figure 5-5. Typica
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Volute Design 61 Figure 5-8. Univer
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Volute Design S3 Manufacturing Cons
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6 Design of Multi-Stage Casing Mult
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Design of Multi-Stage Casing 67 How
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Design of Multi-Stage Casing 69 Fig
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Design of Multi-Stage Casing 73 sec
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7 Double-Suction Pumps and Side-Suc
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Double-Suction Pumps 79 two. Experi
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Double-Suction Pumps 81 Figure 7-3.
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Double-Suction Pumps 83 LOCATION AR
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8 NPSH The expressions NPSHR and NP
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NPSH 87 Predicting NPSHR The other
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NPSH 89 Figure 8-4. Pressure loss b
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NPSH 91 SUCTION VELOCITY TRIANGLES
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NPSH 93 Figure 8-8. Performance cur
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NPSH 95 Figure 8-10. Leakage across
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NPSH 97 Figure 8-13. Plate inserts
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NPSH 99 Figure 8-17. Influence of p
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NPSH 101 Figure 8-19. Estimating K
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NPSH 103 Step 3: Determine KI* From
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Figure 8«22. Calculating NPSHA for
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NPSH 107 Figure 8-24. NPSHR cavitat
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NPSH 109 Notation KI Friction and a
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Part 2 Application
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9 by Erik B. Fiske BW/JP Internatio
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Vertical Pumps 115 Figure 9-2. Well
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Vertical Pumps 117 Figure 9-4. Subm
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Vertical Pumps 119 Figure 9-6. Inst
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Vertical Pumps 121 Figure 9-8. Barr
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Vertical Pumps 123 • Loading pump
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Vertical Pumps 125 Wet Pit Pumps Th
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Vertical Pumps 127 • Fresh water
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Vertical Pumps 129 Condensate and H
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Vertical Pumps 131 mally insulate w
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Vertical Pumps 133 Figure 9-15. Imp
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Vertical Pumps 135 checked for corr
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Vertical Pumps 137 crating paramete
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10 Pipeline Pipe line, Waterflood,
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Pipeline, Waterflood and CO 2 Pumps
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Pipeline, Waterfiood and CO 2 Pumps
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Figure 10-11. Performance change wi
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Figure 10-13. Seven-stage pump dest
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Pipeline, Waterflood and COa Pumps
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11 By Edward Gravelle Sundstrand Fl
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High Speed Pumps 175 History and De
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High Speed Pumps 177 Figure 11-2. (
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High Speed Pumps 179 some portion o
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High Speed Pumps 181 This is to say
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High Speed Pumps 183 This expressio
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High Speed Pumps 185 Figure 11-3. P
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High Speed Pumps 187 As an aside, p
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High Speed Pumps 189 Figure 11-5. I
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High Speed Pumps 191 Figure 11-7. I
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High Speed Pumps 193 Figure 11-9. R
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High Speed Pumps 195 Figure 11-10.
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High Speed Pumps 19? Figure 11-11.
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High Speed Pumps 199
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High Speed Pumps 201 Figure 11-13.
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High Speed Pumps 203 nal bearings a
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High Speed Pumps 205 Barske, U, M.,
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Double-Case Pumps 207 jected to ext
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Double-Case Pumps 209 Figure 12-3.
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Double-Case Pumps 213 ally by split
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Double-Case Pumps 215 The throttle
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Figure 12-11. pump for 4,000 psi In
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Double-Case Pumps 219 so that the t
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Doubte-Case Pumps 223 Volute Casing
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Double-Case Pumps 225 5. Survey of
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Slurry Pumps 227 An approximate com
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Slurry Pumps 229 Figure 13-2. Nomog
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Slurry Pumps 231 Table 13-2 Alloys
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Slurry Pumps 233 Figure 13-3. Class
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Figure 13-4, (A) (B) (C)
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Slurry Pumps 237 There is little to
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Figyre 13-7, (courtesy Pumps, Inc.)
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Flgyr« 13-8, with (courtesy Goulds
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Slurry Pumps 243 ing the pump speed
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Slurry Pumps 245 Where there exists
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Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbines 2
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Figure 14-14. Internally adjustable
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14-22, Flow of hydraulic recovery a
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15 by Frederic W. Buse Ingersolf-Ra
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Chemical Pumps Metallic and Nonmeta
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Driver Chemical Pumps Metallic and
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Part3 Mechanical Design
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16 Shaft Design and Axial Thrust Sh
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 335 S
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 337 W
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 339 T
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 341 b
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 343 K
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Double-Suction Single-Stage Pumps S
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 347 F
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D (with subscript) P D P s T T (wit
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Mechanical Seals 355 Figure 17-1. M
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Mechanical Seats 357 Figure 17-2B.
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Mechanical Seals 359 Figure 17-2D.
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Mechanical Seals 361 Figure 17-4. H
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Mechanical Seals 363 Pressure-Veloc
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Mechanical Seals 365 The temperatur
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Mechanical Seals 367 Figure 17-7. B
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Mechanical Seals 369 Figure 17-9. P
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Mechanical Seals 371 where C 3 = 53
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Mechanical Seals 373 Classification
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Mechanical Seals 375 Double seals m
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Mechanical Seals 377 less than 100,
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Mechanical Seals 379 Figure 17-19.
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Mechanical Seals 381 Table 17-4 Tem
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Mechanical Seats 385 steam, is to p
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Mechanical Seats 38? rather than a
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Mechanical Seals 389 Mechanical Sea
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Mechanical Seals 391 seal to work i
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Mechanical Seals 395 The measured l
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Mechanical Seals 39? Figure 17-34.
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Mechanical Seals 401 This design is
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Mechanical Seals 403 alignment, par
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Mechanical Seats 419 Figure 17-58.
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 421 Re
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 423 me
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 425 in
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 427 pr
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 429 ot
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 431 Fi
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 433 fi
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 435 pr
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 437 up
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 441 na
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 443 A
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 453 Re
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 457 Ac
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 461 As
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 463 ci
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 467 sp
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 469 Be
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 475 Vi
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Page 498 and 499: Vibration and Noise in Pumps 483 Fi
Page 504 and 505: Vibration and Noise in Pumps 489 pe
Page 506 and 507: Vibration and Noise in Pumps 491 th
Page 508 and 509: Vibration and Noise in Pumps 4S3 fo
Page 510 and 511: Part 4 Extending Pump Life
Page 512 and 513: 19 by Malcolm G. Murray, Jr. Murray
Page 514 and 515: Alignment 499 Figure 19-2. Pump dam
Page 516 and 517: Alignment 501 The best designs fail
Page 518 and 519: Table 19-1 Vertical Alignment Movem
Page 520 and 521: Table 19-2 Continued Horizontal Ali
Page 522 and 523: Alignment 507 bearing motors becaus
Page 524 and 525: Alignment 509 meet results. It shou
Page 526 and 527: Alignment 511 Determination of Tole
Page 528 and 529: Table 19-3 Continued Primary Alignm
Page 530 and 531: Alignment 515 Figure 19-3 A & B. Tw
Page 532 and 533: Table 19*4 Continued Methods of Cal
Page 534 and 535: Alignment 510 parallelism/perpendic
Page 536 and 537: Alignment 521 Table 19-5 continued
Page 538 and 539: Alignment 523 3. Essinger, J. N., B
Page 540 and 541: Rolling Element Bearings and Lubric
Page 544 and 545: Roiling Element Bearings and Lubric
Page 560 and 561: Roiling Element Bearings and Lubric
Page 572 and 573: Failure Analysis Mechanical Seal Re
Page 574 and 575: Table 21-2 Causes of Seal Failures
Page 576 and 577: Mechanical Seal Reliability 561 ^mi
Page 578 and 579: Mechanical Seal Reliability 563 Sea
Page 580 and 581: Mechanical Seal Reliability 565 run
Page 582 and 583: Reliability Mechanical Seal Reliabi
Page 584 and 585: Index A thermal growth, 519-522 ver
Page 586 and 587: Critical speed analysis. See also V
Page 588 and 589: Index 573 inlet angle, 37 classific
Page 590 and 591: Index 575 Shaft design, 333-343 ind
Page 592: double, 52-54 velocity ratio, 50-51
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Centrifugal Pumps Design and Application 2nd ed - Val S. Lobanoff, Robert R. Ross (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992)

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