Centrifugal Pumps Design and Application 2nd ed - Val S. Lobanoff, Robert R. Ross (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992)

Vibration and Noise in Pumps 491
the left and read the equivalent isothermal tangent bulk modulus on
the scale,
3. Multiply the isothermal tangent bulk modulus by 1.15 (to compensate
for ratio of specific heats) to determine the value of the iseetropic
tangent bulk modulus.
The value of the isentropic tangent bulk modulus obtained in Step 3 can
be used in Equation 1 to calculate the acoustic velocity.
Piping systems with incompressible fluids (liquids) have an apparent
effect on the acoustic velocity because of the pipe wall flexibility. The
classical Korteweg correction can be used for thin wall pipe (wall thickness
< 10% diameter) to adjust the acoustic velocity.
where D = pipe diameter, in.
t = pipe wall thickness, in.
E = elastic modulus of pipe material, psi
References
1. Florjancic, D., Schoffler, W. and Zogg, H., "Primary Noise Abatement
on Centrifugal Pumps," Sulzer Tech., Rev. 1:24, 1980.
2. Szenasi, F. R. and Wachel, J. C., Section 8.4, "Pump Noise," Pump
Handbook, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, 1986, pp. 8.101-8.118.
3. Jones, A. B., "The Mathematical Theory of Rolling-Element Bearings,"
Mechanical Design and Systems Handbook, McGraw-Hill,
1964, pp. 13-1 to 13-76.
4. Centrifugal Pump Hydraulic Instability, CS-1445 Research Project
1266-18, Electric Power Research Institute, 3412 Hillview Ave.,
Palo Alto, California, 1980.
5. Wachel, J. C. and Tison, J. D., Field Instrumentation and Diagnostics
of Pump Vibration Problems, Presented at Rotating Machinery
and Controls Short Course, University of Virginia, June 6-7, 1983.
6. Mancuso, J. R., Couplings and Joints, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New
York, 1986, pp. 340-350.
7. API Standard 610 "Centrifugal Pumps for General Refinery Services,"
Section 2.8, 7th ed., American Petroleum Institute, Washington,
D.C., 1989.