Centrifugal Pumps Design and Application 2nd ed - Val S. Lobanoff, Robert R. Ross (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992)

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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 421 References American Petroleum Institute; Centrifugal Pumps for General Refinery Services, API Standard 610, 7th Edition, Washington, DC, 1980. ANSI/ASME B73.1 Specifications for Horizontal, End Suction Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Pumps. Mechanical Engineering, June 1985, pp. 93. Burton, R. A., "Thermal Deformation in Frictionally Heated Contact," Wear, 59, 1980, pp. 1-20. Hamaker, J. B., "Mechanical Seals Lubrication Systems," 1977 ASLE Education Program-Fluid Sealing Course, American Society of Lubrication Engineers and John Crane Inc., Morton Grove, IL, May 1977. John Crane Inc. Engineered Fluid Sealing: Materials, Design, and Applications, Morton Grove, IL, 1979. John Crane Inc. Identifying Causes of Seal Leakage, S-2031 and Bulletin, Morton Grove, IL, 1979. Kennedy, Jr., F. E. and Grim, J. N., "Observation of Contact Conditions in Mechanical Face Seals," ASLE Trans. 27, 1984, pp. 122-128. Kilaparti, R. and Burton, R. A., "A Moving Hot Spot Configuration for a Seal-like Geometry, With Frictional Heating, Expansion and IKfear," ASLE Trans. 20, 1977, pp. 64-70. Netzel, J. P., "Identifying Causes of Seal Leakage," Pacific Energy Association, Pump Workshop, Anaheim, CA, October 13, 1982. , "Mechanical Seals for Light Hydrocarbon Service," Fifth Annual Energy-Sources Technology Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, March 8-10, 1982, The Petroleum Division, ASME, pp. 47- 53, , "Observation of Thermoelastic Instability in Mechanical Face Seals," Wear, 59, 1980, pp. 135-148. "Sealing Light Hydrocarbon as a Liquid or Gas," ASME, South Texas Section, Houston, Texas, October 29, 1985. , "Symmetrical Seal Design: A Sealing Concept For Today," First International Pump Symposium, Houston, Texas, May 1984, Proceedings, pp. 109-112. _, "Wear of Mechanical Seals in Light Hydrocarbon Service," Wear 102, 1985, pp. 141-151. Schoenherr, K., "Design Terminology for Mechanical Face Seals," SAE Trans 74, (65030), 1966. Schoenherr, K. and Johnson, R. L., "Seal Wear," Wear Control Handbook, M. Peterson and W. Winer, Eds., American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1980. Snapp, R. B., "Theoretical Analysis of Face Type Seals With Varying Radial Face Profiles," 64-WA/Lub 6, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1964.
18 by Fred R. Szenasi* Engineering Dynamics incorporated Vibration and Noise in Pumps Introduction Although a certain amount of noise is to be expected from centrifugal pumps and their drivers, unusually high noise levels (in excess of 100 dB) or particularly high frequencies (whine or squeal) can be an early indicator of potential mechanical failures or vibration problems in centrifugal pumps. The purpose of this chapter is to concentrate on the mechanisms that may produce noise as a by-product; however, reduction of the noise, perse, is not the main concern. The main point of interest of this chapter is to study the mechanisms and their effect on the reliability of the pump system. Methods will be presented to reduce the vibration (and noise) or eliminate the basic causes by modifying the pump or piping system. The occurrence of significant noise levels indicates that sufficient energy exists to be a potential cause of vibrations and possible damage to the pump or piping. Defining the source and cause of noise is the first step in determining whether noise is normal or whether problems may exist. Noise in pumping systems can be generated by the mechanical motion of pump components and by the liquid motion in the pump and piping systems. Noise from internal mechanical and liquid sources can be transmitted to the environment. Effective diagnosis and treatment of noise sources to control pump noise require a knowledge of the liquid and mechanical noise-generation * The author wishes to acknowledge the contributions by the engineering staff of Engineering Dynamics Inc., who performed many of the analyses and field tests. 422
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CENTRIFIUGAL PUMPS Design & applica
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CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS Design & Applicat
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Contents Preface —..... —......
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ern Pumps, Mine Dewatering Pumps. W
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Stage Pumps. Single-Suction Single-
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Preface When Val and I decided to c
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CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS Design & applicat
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Part 1 Elements of Pump Design
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1 Introduction System Analysis for
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Introduction 5 Figure 1-2. The syst
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Introduction 7 mate responsibility
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Introduction 9 Figure 1-6. Maximum
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2 Specific Speed and Modeling Laws
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Specific Speed and Modeling Laws 13
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Figyre 2-7, New pump from model pum
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Impeller Design 29 Figure 3-1. Requ
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Impeller Design 31 Figure 3-4. Capa
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Impeller Design 33 Step 8: Estimate
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Impeller Design 35 Figure 3-7. Volu
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impeller Design 37 (2) 5 , as final
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Impeller Design 39 The vane develop
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Impeller Design 41 Figure 3-12. Are
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impeller Design 43 Figure 3-16. Inf
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4 General Pump Design It is not a d
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General Pump Design 4? Figure 4-1.
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General Pump Design 49 designed and
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Volute Design 51 Figure 5-1. Volute
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Volute Design 53 Figure 5-2. Radial
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Volute Design 55
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Volute Design 57 Figure 5-4. Effici
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Volute Design 59 Figure 5-5. Typica
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Volute Design 61 Figure 5-8. Univer
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Volute Design S3 Manufacturing Cons
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6 Design of Multi-Stage Casing Mult
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Design of Multi-Stage Casing 67 How
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Design of Multi-Stage Casing 69 Fig
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Design of Multi-Stage Casing 73 sec
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7 Double-Suction Pumps and Side-Suc
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Double-Suction Pumps 79 two. Experi
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Double-Suction Pumps 81 Figure 7-3.
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Double-Suction Pumps 83 LOCATION AR
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8 NPSH The expressions NPSHR and NP
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NPSH 87 Predicting NPSHR The other
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NPSH 89 Figure 8-4. Pressure loss b
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NPSH 91 SUCTION VELOCITY TRIANGLES
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NPSH 93 Figure 8-8. Performance cur
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NPSH 95 Figure 8-10. Leakage across
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NPSH 97 Figure 8-13. Plate inserts
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NPSH 99 Figure 8-17. Influence of p
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NPSH 101 Figure 8-19. Estimating K
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NPSH 103 Step 3: Determine KI* From
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Figure 8«22. Calculating NPSHA for
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NPSH 107 Figure 8-24. NPSHR cavitat
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NPSH 109 Notation KI Friction and a
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Part 2 Application
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9 by Erik B. Fiske BW/JP Internatio
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Vertical Pumps 115 Figure 9-2. Well
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Vertical Pumps 117 Figure 9-4. Subm
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Vertical Pumps 119 Figure 9-6. Inst
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Vertical Pumps 121 Figure 9-8. Barr
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Vertical Pumps 123 • Loading pump
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Vertical Pumps 125 Wet Pit Pumps Th
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Vertical Pumps 127 • Fresh water
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Vertical Pumps 129 Condensate and H
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Vertical Pumps 131 mally insulate w
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Vertical Pumps 133 Figure 9-15. Imp
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Vertical Pumps 135 checked for corr
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Vertical Pumps 137 crating paramete
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10 Pipeline Pipe line, Waterflood,
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Pipeline, Waterflood and CO 2 Pumps
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Pipeline, Waterfiood and CO 2 Pumps
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Figure 10-11. Performance change wi
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Figure 10-13. Seven-stage pump dest
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Pipeline, Waterflood and COa Pumps
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11 By Edward Gravelle Sundstrand Fl
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High Speed Pumps 175 History and De
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High Speed Pumps 177 Figure 11-2. (
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High Speed Pumps 179 some portion o
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High Speed Pumps 181 This is to say
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High Speed Pumps 183 This expressio
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High Speed Pumps 185 Figure 11-3. P
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High Speed Pumps 187 As an aside, p
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High Speed Pumps 189 Figure 11-5. I
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High Speed Pumps 191 Figure 11-7. I
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High Speed Pumps 193 Figure 11-9. R
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High Speed Pumps 195 Figure 11-10.
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High Speed Pumps 19? Figure 11-11.
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High Speed Pumps 199
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High Speed Pumps 201 Figure 11-13.
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High Speed Pumps 203 nal bearings a
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High Speed Pumps 205 Barske, U, M.,
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Double-Case Pumps 207 jected to ext
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Double-Case Pumps 209 Figure 12-3.
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Double-Case Pumps 213 ally by split
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Double-Case Pumps 215 The throttle
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Figure 12-11. pump for 4,000 psi In
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Double-Case Pumps 219 so that the t
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Doubte-Case Pumps 223 Volute Casing
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Double-Case Pumps 225 5. Survey of
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Slurry Pumps 227 An approximate com
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Slurry Pumps 229 Figure 13-2. Nomog
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Slurry Pumps 231 Table 13-2 Alloys
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Slurry Pumps 233 Figure 13-3. Class
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Figure 13-4, (A) (B) (C)
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Slurry Pumps 237 There is little to
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Figyre 13-7, (courtesy Pumps, Inc.)
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Flgyr« 13-8, with (courtesy Goulds
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Slurry Pumps 243 ing the pump speed
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Slurry Pumps 245 Where there exists
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Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbines 2
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Figure 14-14. Internally adjustable
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14-22, Flow of hydraulic recovery a
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15 by Frederic W. Buse Ingersolf-Ra
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Chemical Pumps Metallic and Nonmeta
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Driver Chemical Pumps Metallic and
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Part3 Mechanical Design
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16 Shaft Design and Axial Thrust Sh
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 335 S
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 337 W
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 339 T
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 341 b
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 343 K
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Double-Suction Single-Stage Pumps S
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 347 F
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D (with subscript) P D P s T T (wit
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Mechanical Seals 355 Figure 17-1. M
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Mechanical Seats 357 Figure 17-2B.
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Mechanical Seals 359 Figure 17-2D.
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Mechanical Seals 361 Figure 17-4. H
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Mechanical Seals 363 Pressure-Veloc
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Mechanical Seals 365 The temperatur
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Mechanical Seals 367 Figure 17-7. B
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Mechanical Seals 369 Figure 17-9. P
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Page 438 and 439: Vibration and Noise in Pumps 423 me
Page 440 and 441: Vibration and Noise in Pumps 425 in
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Page 446 and 447: Vibration and Noise in Pumps 431 Fi
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Page 452 and 453: Vibration and Noise in Pumps 437 up
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Page 458 and 459: Vibration and Noise in Pumps 443 A
Page 468 and 469: Vibration and Noise in Pumps 453 Re
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 471 Fi
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 475 Vi
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 489 pe
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 491 th
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 4S3 fo
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Part 4 Extending Pump Life
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19 by Malcolm G. Murray, Jr. Murray
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Alignment 499 Figure 19-2. Pump dam
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Alignment 501 The best designs fail
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Table 19-1 Vertical Alignment Movem
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Table 19-2 Continued Horizontal Ali
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Alignment 507 bearing motors becaus
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Alignment 509 meet results. It shou
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Alignment 511 Determination of Tole
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Table 19-3 Continued Primary Alignm
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Alignment 515 Figure 19-3 A & B. Tw
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Table 19*4 Continued Methods of Cal
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Alignment 510 parallelism/perpendic
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Alignment 521 Table 19-5 continued
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Alignment 523 3. Essinger, J. N., B
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Rolling Element Bearings and Lubric
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Roiling Element Bearings and Lubric
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Roiling Element Bearings and Lubric
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Failure Analysis Mechanical Seal Re
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Table 21-2 Causes of Seal Failures
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Mechanical Seal Reliability 561 ^mi
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Mechanical Seal Reliability 563 Sea
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Mechanical Seal Reliability 565 run
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Reliability Mechanical Seal Reliabi
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Index A thermal growth, 519-522 ver
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Critical speed analysis. See also V
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Index 573 inlet angle, 37 classific
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Index 575 Shaft design, 333-343 ind
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double, 52-54 velocity ratio, 50-51
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Centrifugal Pumps Design and Application 2nd ed - Val S. Lobanoff, Robert R. Ross (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992)

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