Centrifugal Pumps Design and Application 2nd ed - Val S. Lobanoff, Robert R. Ross (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992)
Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbines 273 actor is still at high pressures, however, so that much of this energy can be recovered if an HPRT is incorporated in the drive train. • In the gas processing industry where crude gas is scrubbed by a high pressure fluid medium such as potassium carbonate or amine in order to remove unwanted components. For the purpose of regeneration and recycling, the pressure has to be reduced; in other words, possible energy recovery has been made available. The pressure can be reduced by using pressure breakdown valves; however, the differential pressure will be converted into thermal energy, which is either wasted or very uneconomical to recover. A relatively efficient method for pressure reduction and energy recovery is by the use of HPRT's. HPRT's will convert the differential pressure into rotational energy, which can be utilized in helping to drive the centrifugal pump that returns the regenerated medium to the absorber. Both major types, namely, the reaction and impulse types, are used in the gas processing industry. Figure 14-19 shows the operational system using a reverse-running purnp with fixed guide vanes. Since in a recycle system the recovered energy is smaller than the required energy to drive the pump, an electric motor or steam turbine on the other side of the pump is used to cover the energy difference and to maintain as a second function a constant RPM of the entire train. The desired flow can be obtained either by changing speed of the assembly (steam turbine drive) or by throttling the pump output (motor drive), which means loss of energy. Unfortunately, the operating behavior of the standard reverse-running pump with fixed guide vanes requires a controllable throttling inlet valve for reduced capacity and a bypass line for increased capacity. Both represent additional energy losses (see Curve "A" and "B" in Figure 14-20). Figure 14-21 illustrates the system using an HPRT with variable guide vanes. The losses of the system in Figure 14-19 are avoided. The function of the inlet throttling valve (reduced capacity) and the bypass (increased capacity) are served by the variable inlet guide vanes installed in the HPRT, which satisfy the following purposes: • Regulation of the capacity by varying the cross-section area of the guide vanes depending on the level in the absorber. • Feeding the medium to the runner in a definite direction. • Complete or partial conversion of the differential pressure into kinetic energy.
14-19. of a Franzke).
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- Page 258 and 259: Slurry Pumps 243 ing the pump speed
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Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbines 273<br />
actor is still at high pressures, however, so that much of this energy can<br />
be recover<strong>ed</strong> if an HPRT is incorporat<strong>ed</strong> in the drive train.<br />
• In the gas processing industry where crude gas is scrubb<strong>ed</strong> by a high<br />
pressure fluid m<strong>ed</strong>ium such as potassium carbonate or amine in order<br />
to remove unwant<strong>ed</strong> components. For the purpose of regeneration <strong>and</strong><br />
recycling, the pressure has to be r<strong>ed</strong>uc<strong>ed</strong>; in other words, possible energy<br />
recovery has been made available.<br />
The pressure can be r<strong>ed</strong>uc<strong>ed</strong> by using pressure breakdown valves;<br />
however, the differential pressure will be convert<strong>ed</strong> into thermal energy,<br />
which is either wast<strong>ed</strong> or very uneconomical to recover. A relatively efficient<br />
method for pressure r<strong>ed</strong>uction <strong>and</strong> energy recovery is by the use of<br />
HPRT's.<br />
HPRT's will convert the differential pressure into rotational energy,<br />
which can be utiliz<strong>ed</strong> in helping to drive the centrifugal pump that returns<br />
the regenerat<strong>ed</strong> m<strong>ed</strong>ium to the absorber. Both major types, namely, the<br />
reaction <strong>and</strong> impulse types, are us<strong>ed</strong> in the gas processing industry. Figure<br />
14-19 shows the operational system using a reverse-running purnp<br />
with fix<strong>ed</strong> guide vanes. Since in a recycle system the recover<strong>ed</strong> energy is<br />
smaller than the requir<strong>ed</strong> energy to drive the pump, an electric motor or<br />
steam turbine on the other side of the pump is us<strong>ed</strong> to cover the energy<br />
difference <strong>and</strong> to maintain as a second function a constant RPM of the<br />
entire train.<br />
The desir<strong>ed</strong> flow can be obtain<strong>ed</strong> either by changing spe<strong>ed</strong> of the assembly<br />
(steam turbine drive) or by throttling the pump output (motor<br />
drive), which means loss of energy. Unfortunately, the operating behavior<br />
of the st<strong>and</strong>ard reverse-running pump with fix<strong>ed</strong> guide vanes requires<br />
a controllable throttling inlet valve for r<strong>ed</strong>uc<strong>ed</strong> capacity <strong>and</strong> a bypass line<br />
for increas<strong>ed</strong> capacity. Both represent additional energy losses (see<br />
Curve "A" <strong>and</strong> "B" in Figure 14-20).<br />
Figure 14-21 illustrates the system using an HPRT with variable guide<br />
vanes.<br />
The losses of the system in Figure 14-19 are avoid<strong>ed</strong>. The function of<br />
the inlet throttling valve (r<strong>ed</strong>uc<strong>ed</strong> capacity) <strong>and</strong> the bypass (increas<strong>ed</strong> capacity)<br />
are serv<strong>ed</strong> by the variable inlet guide vanes install<strong>ed</strong> in the HPRT,<br />
which satisfy the following purposes:<br />
• Regulation of the capacity by varying the cross-section area of the<br />
guide vanes depending on the level in the absorber.<br />
• Fe<strong>ed</strong>ing the m<strong>ed</strong>ium to the runner in a definite direction.<br />
• Complete or partial conversion of the differential pressure into kinetic<br />
energy.