Centrifugal Pumps Design and Application 2nd ed - Val S. Lobanoff, Robert R. Ross (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992)

216 Centrifugal Pumps: Design and Application
Figure 12-10. Drain-temperature controlled throttle bushing injection system
(from Ashton I2J).
Floating-Ring Seals. Boiler feed pumps with floating-ring seals were
common in the 1970s, but proved to fall short in reliability. A survey of
boiler feed pumps in 1977 found 748 seal failures in 730 pumps with
floating-ring or mechanical seals vs. 32 seal failures in more than 300
pumps with throttle bushings [5]. Specifications of most major architect/
engineers in the United States no longer allow floating-ring type shaft
seals [3J.
Radial Bearings
Bali Bearings. Ball bearings can be used in smaller double-case pumps
below 4,000 rpm, but generally are not favored.
Sleeve-type Bearings. Plain sleeve-type bearings are satisfactory for
shaft diameters up to 3.50 inches in diameter at 3,600 rpm. They can be
lubricated with oil rings.
Anti-oil-whip Bearings. Rotor instabilities, typically taking place at
higher speeds, can be caused by lightly loaded hydrodynamic bearings. If
oil whirl (half-speed whirl) is to be avoided, a bearing design that is more
stable at lower loads is required (see Chapter 19). Pressure dam bearings
have been used successfully for shaft diameters up to 6.75 inches at