Centrifugal Pumps Design and Application 2nd ed - Val S. Lobanoff, Robert R. Ross (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992)

Double-Case Pumps 209
Figure 12-3. Diffuser-type in-line impeller, double-case pump with balance disk
(courtesy Ingersoll-Rand Company).
• High pressure oil field water injection and offshore hydrocarbon eondensate
reinjection pumps.
* Pipeline pumps for unusually high pressures, very high vapor pressure
hydrocarbons (typically above 200 psi), or offshore hydrocarbon condensate.
Boiler Feed Pumps
The most common application for double-case pumps is for boiler feed
service in fossil-fueled power plants. These pumps must combine high
efficiency with maximum reliability. Feedwater pump outages were estimated
to have cost more than $408 million in replacement power alone in
the United States in 1981 [3]. Several multi-million dollar efforts to reduce
this cost have been implemented by users and manufacturers worldwide.
These efforts have resulted in increased product knowledge that
now can be applied to high-energy pumps, system design, and operation.
Research in this area is continuing.
Charge Pumps
Oil refinery charge pumps handle liquids that are flammable and often
toxic, at very high temperatures and pressures. Wide variations in viscosity
of the feed stock or the presence of abrasives may add to pump
design problems. In spite of inherent application problems, these pumps
must combine maximum reliability with good efficiency.