Centrifugal Pumps Design and Application 2nd ed - Val S. Lobanoff, Robert R. Ross (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992)

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Vertical Pumps 137 crating parameters and the installation, including the rigidity of the supporting structure and attached piping, have a strong influence. The latter may cause vibration from sources such as hydraulic resonance in piping, turbulence at the pump intake, cavitation problems, low flow recirculation, and structural resonance in the pump/driver assembly. The availability of data collectors and matching computer hardware and software has greatly facilitated collecting and analyzing vibration data. The establishment of vibration signatures is not only a means of verifying the satisfactory condition of a new installation, but can also serve as the basis for scheduling pump maintenance. Measurement of axial and lateral vibration on the pump and driver is measured either as absolute movement on driver bearing housings or as relative movement between the shaft and the bearing housing or pump structure. Torsional vibration is seldom a problem in vertical pumps because the exciting force generated by the rotating impeller vanes passing the stationary bowl vanes is small. However, for applications where right angle gears and engines are used, exciting forces can be generated that may cause damaging torsional vibration. When these types of drivers are used, an analysis for torsional critical frequencies should be performed at the design stage. The computer models for performing these analyses are quite accurate and give good results. This subject is discussed in more detail in Chapter 18. Figure 9-16 shows the desired locations for taking vibration measurements. The axial reading is taken as an absolute measurement directly on the motor thrust bearing housing. The lateral readings on the motor and discharge head are also taken as absolute measurements and should be taken in line with, and at right angle to, the discharge nozzle. Measurements on the shaft should be taken as relative measurements, 90° apart, just above the stuffing box. Absolute vibration measurements are taken with velocity transducers or accelerometers. Accelerometers should either be permanently attached or attached with a magnetic base, while velocity transducers can be handheld. Velocity transducers and accelerometers are directional and must be installed with the base perpendicular to the desired direction of measurement. Relative vibration measurements are taken with proximity transducers. It should be noted that proximity transducers, due to their working principle, are sensitive to shaft material properties as well as surface finishes. Because of the wide varieties and sizes of vertical pumps in use, the issue of acceptable vibration levels becomes rather complicated. However, both the Hydraulic Institute and the American Petroleum Institute have published acceptance criteria, specifically applicable to pumps, covering both overall vibration levels and filtered vibration, i.e., read-
138 Centrifugal Pumps: Design and Application Figure 9-16. Locations for taking vibration measurements. ings taken at discreet frequencies. Caution should be used in applying severity charts published for general machinery. References 1. API Standard 610 Centrifugal Pumps for General Refinery Service t 7th Edition, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C., 1990. 2. Byron Jackson Pump Division Design Fundamentals in Submersible Motors, Technical Report Vol. 3, No. 1, 1956. 3. deKovats, A. and Desmur, G., Pumps, Fans and Compressors, Glasgow, Blackie & Son Limited, 1978. 4. Fiske, E. B., "Fundamentals of Pump Design," 2nd International Pump Symposium, Texas A&M University, April 1985. 5. Hydraulic Institute Standards 2.2, Vertical Pumps—Application, 15th Edition, Hydraulic Institute, Cleveland, OH, 1992. 6. Sanks, R. L., Pumping Station Design, Stoneham, MA, Butterworth Publishers, 1989. 7. Stamps, D. B., "Submersible Pumps for Underground Storage Caverns," Byron Jackson Pump Division Publication No, 7520, August 1984.
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CENTRIFIUGAL PUMPS Design & applica
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CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS Design & Applicat
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Contents Preface —..... —......
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ern Pumps, Mine Dewatering Pumps. W
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Stage Pumps. Single-Suction Single-
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Preface When Val and I decided to c
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CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS Design & applicat
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Part 1 Elements of Pump Design
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1 Introduction System Analysis for
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Introduction 5 Figure 1-2. The syst
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Introduction 7 mate responsibility
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Introduction 9 Figure 1-6. Maximum
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2 Specific Speed and Modeling Laws
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Specific Speed and Modeling Laws 13
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Figyre 2-7, New pump from model pum
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Impeller Design 29 Figure 3-1. Requ
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Impeller Design 31 Figure 3-4. Capa
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Impeller Design 33 Step 8: Estimate
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Impeller Design 35 Figure 3-7. Volu
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impeller Design 37 (2) 5 , as final
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Impeller Design 39 The vane develop
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Impeller Design 41 Figure 3-12. Are
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impeller Design 43 Figure 3-16. Inf
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4 General Pump Design It is not a d
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General Pump Design 4? Figure 4-1.
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General Pump Design 49 designed and
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Volute Design 51 Figure 5-1. Volute
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Volute Design 53 Figure 5-2. Radial
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Volute Design 55
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Volute Design 57 Figure 5-4. Effici
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Volute Design 59 Figure 5-5. Typica
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Volute Design 61 Figure 5-8. Univer
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Volute Design S3 Manufacturing Cons
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6 Design of Multi-Stage Casing Mult
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Design of Multi-Stage Casing 67 How
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Design of Multi-Stage Casing 69 Fig
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Design of Multi-Stage Casing 73 sec
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7 Double-Suction Pumps and Side-Suc
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Double-Suction Pumps 79 two. Experi
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Double-Suction Pumps 81 Figure 7-3.
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Double-Suction Pumps 83 LOCATION AR
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8 NPSH The expressions NPSHR and NP
Page 102 and 103: NPSH 87 Predicting NPSHR The other
Page 104 and 105: NPSH 89 Figure 8-4. Pressure loss b
Page 106 and 107: NPSH 91 SUCTION VELOCITY TRIANGLES
Page 108 and 109: NPSH 93 Figure 8-8. Performance cur
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Page 114 and 115: NPSH 99 Figure 8-17. Influence of p
Page 116 and 117: NPSH 101 Figure 8-19. Estimating K
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Page 120 and 121: Figure 8«22. Calculating NPSHA for
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Page 124 and 125: NPSH 109 Notation KI Friction and a
Page 126 and 127: Part 2 Application
Page 128 and 129: 9 by Erik B. Fiske BW/JP Internatio
Page 130 and 131: Vertical Pumps 115 Figure 9-2. Well
Page 132 and 133: Vertical Pumps 117 Figure 9-4. Subm
Page 134 and 135: Vertical Pumps 119 Figure 9-6. Inst
Page 136 and 137: Vertical Pumps 121 Figure 9-8. Barr
Page 138 and 139: Vertical Pumps 123 • Loading pump
Page 140 and 141: Vertical Pumps 125 Wet Pit Pumps Th
Page 142 and 143: Vertical Pumps 127 • Fresh water
Page 144 and 145: Vertical Pumps 129 Condensate and H
Page 146 and 147: Vertical Pumps 131 mally insulate w
Page 148 and 149: Vertical Pumps 133 Figure 9-15. Imp
Page 150 and 151: Vertical Pumps 135 checked for corr
Page 154 and 155: 10 Pipeline Pipe line, Waterflood,
Page 156 and 157: Pipeline, Waterflood and CO 2 Pumps
Page 162 and 163: Pipeline, Waterfiood and CO 2 Pumps
Page 164 and 165: Figure 10-11. Performance change wi
Page 166 and 167: Figure 10-13. Seven-stage pump dest
Page 178 and 179: Pipeline, Waterflood and COa Pumps
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Page 190 and 191: High Speed Pumps 175 History and De
Page 192 and 193: High Speed Pumps 177 Figure 11-2. (
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High Speed Pumps 187 As an aside, p
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High Speed Pumps 189 Figure 11-5. I
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High Speed Pumps 191 Figure 11-7. I
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High Speed Pumps 193 Figure 11-9. R
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High Speed Pumps 195 Figure 11-10.
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High Speed Pumps 19? Figure 11-11.
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High Speed Pumps 199
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High Speed Pumps 201 Figure 11-13.
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High Speed Pumps 203 nal bearings a
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High Speed Pumps 205 Barske, U, M.,
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Double-Case Pumps 207 jected to ext
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Double-Case Pumps 209 Figure 12-3.
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Double-Case Pumps 213 ally by split
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Double-Case Pumps 215 The throttle
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Figure 12-11. pump for 4,000 psi In
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Double-Case Pumps 219 so that the t
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Doubte-Case Pumps 223 Volute Casing
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Double-Case Pumps 225 5. Survey of
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Slurry Pumps 227 An approximate com
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Slurry Pumps 229 Figure 13-2. Nomog
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Slurry Pumps 231 Table 13-2 Alloys
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Slurry Pumps 233 Figure 13-3. Class
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Figure 13-4, (A) (B) (C)
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Slurry Pumps 237 There is little to
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Figyre 13-7, (courtesy Pumps, Inc.)
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Flgyr« 13-8, with (courtesy Goulds
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Slurry Pumps 243 ing the pump speed
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Slurry Pumps 245 Where there exists
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Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbines 2
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Figure 14-14. Internally adjustable
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14-22, Flow of hydraulic recovery a
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15 by Frederic W. Buse Ingersolf-Ra
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Chemical Pumps Metallic and Nonmeta
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Driver Chemical Pumps Metallic and
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Part3 Mechanical Design
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16 Shaft Design and Axial Thrust Sh
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 335 S
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 337 W
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 339 T
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 341 b
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 343 K
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Double-Suction Single-Stage Pumps S
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Shaft Design and Axial Thrust 347 F
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D (with subscript) P D P s T T (wit
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Mechanical Seals 355 Figure 17-1. M
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Mechanical Seats 357 Figure 17-2B.
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Mechanical Seals 359 Figure 17-2D.
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Mechanical Seals 361 Figure 17-4. H
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Mechanical Seals 363 Pressure-Veloc
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Mechanical Seals 365 The temperatur
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Mechanical Seals 367 Figure 17-7. B
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Mechanical Seals 369 Figure 17-9. P
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Mechanical Seals 371 where C 3 = 53
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Mechanical Seals 373 Classification
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Mechanical Seals 375 Double seals m
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Mechanical Seals 377 less than 100,
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Mechanical Seals 379 Figure 17-19.
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Mechanical Seals 381 Table 17-4 Tem
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Mechanical Seats 385 steam, is to p
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Mechanical Seats 38? rather than a
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Mechanical Seals 389 Mechanical Sea
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Mechanical Seals 391 seal to work i
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Mechanical Seals 395 The measured l
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Mechanical Seals 39? Figure 17-34.
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Mechanical Seals 401 This design is
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Mechanical Seals 403 alignment, par
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Mechanical Seats 419 Figure 17-58.
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 421 Re
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 423 me
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 425 in
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 427 pr
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 429 ot
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 431 Fi
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 433 fi
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 435 pr
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 437 up
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 441 na
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 443 A
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 453 Re
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 457 Ac
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 461 As
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 463 ci
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 467 sp
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 469 Be
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 475 Vi
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 489 pe
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 491 th
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Vibration and Noise in Pumps 4S3 fo
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Part 4 Extending Pump Life
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19 by Malcolm G. Murray, Jr. Murray
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Alignment 499 Figure 19-2. Pump dam
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Alignment 501 The best designs fail
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Table 19-1 Vertical Alignment Movem
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Table 19-2 Continued Horizontal Ali
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Alignment 507 bearing motors becaus
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Alignment 509 meet results. It shou
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Alignment 511 Determination of Tole
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Table 19-3 Continued Primary Alignm
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Alignment 515 Figure 19-3 A & B. Tw
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Table 19*4 Continued Methods of Cal
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Alignment 510 parallelism/perpendic
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Alignment 521 Table 19-5 continued
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Alignment 523 3. Essinger, J. N., B
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Rolling Element Bearings and Lubric
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Roiling Element Bearings and Lubric
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Roiling Element Bearings and Lubric
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Failure Analysis Mechanical Seal Re
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Table 21-2 Causes of Seal Failures
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Mechanical Seal Reliability 561 ^mi
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Mechanical Seal Reliability 563 Sea
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Mechanical Seal Reliability 565 run
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Reliability Mechanical Seal Reliabi
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Index A thermal growth, 519-522 ver
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Critical speed analysis. See also V
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Index 573 inlet angle, 37 classific
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Index 575 Shaft design, 333-343 ind
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double, 52-54 velocity ratio, 50-51
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Centrifugal Pumps Design and Application 2nd ed - Val S. Lobanoff, Robert R. Ross (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992)

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