Promoting Non-motorised Transport in Asian Cities
Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation conducted a study to assess the viability of promoting non-motorised transport in Asian cities. As part of the study, they undertook a project – Nehru Place Placemaking. See more at: http://shaktifoundation.in/report/promoting-non-motorised-transport-asian-cities-policymakers-toolbox/ Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation conducted a study to assess the viability of promoting non-motorised transport in Asian cities. As part of the study, they undertook a project – Nehru Place Placemaking. See more at: http://shaktifoundation.in/report/promoting-non-motorised-transport-asian-cities-policymakers-toolbox/
50 45 40 35 30 % Households 25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 INDIA Urban Rural BicycleT wo-wheeler Car Bicycle Two Wheeler Car Figure 4: Vehicle ownership in India between 2001 and 2011 8 Xianyang,2006 80 Jiaozuo,2005 80 Luoyang,2006 76 Nanchang,2005 73 Zhengzhou,2005 71 Jinan,2004 71 Bikaner,2007 65 Raipur,2007 63 Chongqing,2002 63 Changzhi,2006 60 Shimla,2007 59 Dongguan,2006 58 Patna,2007 57 Pondicherry ,2007 55 Weihai,2006 53 Madurai,2007 52 Amritsar,2007 52 Beijing,2005 52 Nagpur,2007 49 Bhubaneshwar,2007 49 Kanpur,2007 48 Agra,2007 48 Thiruvananthapuram,2007 45 Urumqi,2006 44 Surat,2007 43 Bhopal,2007 43 42 Hubli/Dharwad,2007 42 Varanasi,2007 41 Chandigarh,2007 41 Xi'an,2006 39 Jaipur,2007 39 Guangzhou,2005 38 Panji,2007 37 Ahmedabad,2007 36 Shanghai,2004 36 Mumbai,2007 33 Delhi,2007 33 Bangalore,2007 33 Pune,2007 33 Chennai,2007 31 Hyderabad,2007 31 Kolkata,2007 30 Linfen,2006 26 Kochi,2007 21 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0 % Figure 5: NMT Mode Share in Selected Asian Cities Sources: Ministry of Urban Development in China, World Bank, Clean air Asia and ADB 8. http://censusindia.gov.in/ 4
A recent study conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2013) on global road safety concluded that “Only 68 countries in the world have national or local level policies that promote walking and cycling.” The absence of such policies will contribute to the continued decline of NMT trips and shifts to private motorized modes. In Asia, motorized congestion facilitated the shrinking of space allocated to pedestrians and cyclists. Considering the deterioration of facilities and shift of people to motorized modes, it would be apt to say that pedestrians and cyclists are victims of policy neglect. Pedestrian perception surveys were carried out by Clean Air Asia across thirteen cities in Asia, reaching a total of 4,644 pedestrians (Leather, et al., 2011).Survey results reveal that if the walking environment is not improved, 81% voiced that they will shift to other modes when they can afford to; 25% to cars and 13% to two-wheelers. This means that policy makers have a short window of opportunity to reclaim the streets and translate the existing transport network to more sustainable forms. Figure 6: Shift to Other Modes if No Improvement is Done on the Walking Facilities Sources: Clean Air Asia bike sharing station in Hangzou Source: Clean Air Asia 5
- Page 1 and 2: Promoting Non-Motorized Transport i
- Page 3 and 4: Disclaimer : The views expressed in
- Page 5 and 6: 1. Motivations for Promoting NMT in
- Page 7: Figure 3: HCMC Metropolitan Region
- Page 11 and 12: Figure 7: NMT Fatality Share of Roa
- Page 13 and 14: simple, differently painted, free-t
- Page 15 and 16: e conducted with relevant governmen
- Page 17 and 18: A good example for a comprehensive
- Page 19 and 20: for evaluation of and improvement o
- Page 21 and 22: considered as a sum of many streets
- Page 23 and 24: 7. Based on suggestions from female
- Page 25 and 26: 8. Comparison of Asian cyclability
- Page 27 and 28: 2.7 Guidelines and Policies: Comple
- Page 29 and 30: Footpath width to be increased at b
- Page 31 and 32: 10. To take up other related activi
- Page 33 and 34: No. Objectives Description 1 To res
- Page 35 and 36: of cycling or walking infrastructur
- Page 37 and 38: Annex B: Walkability Survey Guide P
- Page 39 and 40: Parameter 3: Availability of Crossi
- Page 41 and 42: Parameter 5: Motorist Behavior Desc
- Page 43 and 44: Parameter 7: Disability Infrastruct
- Page 45 and 46: Parameter 9: Security from Crime De
- Page 47 and 48: Parameter 2: Availability of Cycle
- Page 49 and 50: Parameter 4: Lighting Description:
- Page 51 and 52: Parameter 6: Crossing points Descri
- Page 53 and 54: Parameter 8: Shaded lanes Descripti
- Page 55 and 56: Parameter 10: Traffic calming measu
- Page 57 and 58: Parameter 12: Signs, markings Descr
50<br />
45<br />
40<br />
35<br />
30<br />
% Households<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011<br />
INDIA<br />
Urban<br />
Rural<br />
BicycleT wo-wheeler Car<br />
Bicycle Two Wheeler Car<br />
Figure 4: Vehicle ownership <strong>in</strong> India between 2001 and 2011 8<br />
Xianyang,2006<br />
80<br />
Jiaozuo,2005<br />
80<br />
Luoyang,2006<br />
76<br />
Nanchang,2005<br />
73<br />
Zhengzhou,2005<br />
71<br />
J<strong>in</strong>an,2004<br />
71<br />
Bikaner,2007<br />
65<br />
Raipur,2007<br />
63<br />
Chongq<strong>in</strong>g,2002<br />
63<br />
Changzhi,2006<br />
60<br />
Shimla,2007<br />
59<br />
Dongguan,2006<br />
58<br />
Patna,2007<br />
57<br />
Pondicherry ,2007<br />
55<br />
Weihai,2006<br />
53<br />
Madurai,2007<br />
52<br />
Amritsar,2007<br />
52<br />
Beij<strong>in</strong>g,2005<br />
52<br />
Nagpur,2007<br />
49<br />
Bhubaneshwar,2007<br />
49<br />
Kanpur,2007<br />
48<br />
Agra,2007<br />
48<br />
Thiruvananthapuram,2007<br />
45<br />
Urumqi,2006<br />
44<br />
Surat,2007<br />
43<br />
Bhopal,2007<br />
43<br />
42<br />
Hubli/Dharwad,2007<br />
42<br />
Varanasi,2007<br />
41<br />
Chandigarh,2007<br />
41<br />
Xi'an,2006<br />
39<br />
Jaipur,2007<br />
39<br />
Guangzhou,2005<br />
38<br />
Panji,2007<br />
37<br />
Ahmedabad,2007<br />
36<br />
Shanghai,2004<br />
36<br />
Mumbai,2007<br />
33<br />
Delhi,2007<br />
33<br />
Bangalore,2007<br />
33<br />
Pune,2007<br />
33<br />
Chennai,2007<br />
31<br />
Hyderabad,2007<br />
31<br />
Kolkata,2007<br />
30<br />
L<strong>in</strong>fen,2006<br />
26<br />
Kochi,2007<br />
21<br />
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0<br />
%<br />
Figure 5: NMT Mode Share <strong>in</strong> Selected <strong>Asian</strong> <strong>Cities</strong><br />
Sources: M<strong>in</strong>istry of Urban Development <strong>in</strong> Ch<strong>in</strong>a, World Bank, Clean air Asia and ADB<br />
8. http://census<strong>in</strong>dia.gov.<strong>in</strong>/<br />
4
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