Grimsditsch et al Pemba Resilience Survey 2009 low res
Grimsditsch et al Pemba Resilience Survey 2009 low res.pdf Grimsditsch et al Pemba Resilience Survey 2009 low res.pdf
Detailed Results Fundo Lagoon Msuka Bay Fundo Inner Kokota The Hole Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity Mandela Manta Njao Gap Simba Swiss 2D Stress: 0.04 Misali Extremes & Acclimatization 1.3 2.2 Cooling and flushing Cooling and flushing is lowest at Msuka Bay and Fundo Lagoon, but does not vary greatly between other sites. 3.1 Fundo Outer 4 Paradise Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity 2D Stress: 0.04 Shade & screen Acclimatization Fundo Lagoon Msuka Bay The Hole Fundo Inner Kokota Swiss Mandela Manta Njao Gap Simba Misali 2.2 2.8 3.4 Acclimatization potential is high at Msuka Bay and Fundo Lagoon, but low at all other sites. 4 Fundo Outer Paradise Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity 2D Stress: 0.04 Connectivity Shading and screening Msuka Bay Fundo Lagoon The Hole Fundo Inner Kokota Swiss Mandela Manta Njao Gap Simba Misali 0.4 1.6 2.8 Shading potential is low at Paradise and Fundo Outer due to lack of topographic complexity. 4 Fundo Outer Paradise Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity 2D Stress: 0.04 Anthropogenic Connectivity Msuka Bay Fundo Lagoon The Hole Fundo Inner Kokota Mandela Manta Njao Gap Simba Misali 3.2 3.8 Connectivity does not vary greatly between sites. Swiss 4.4 5 Fundo Outer Paradise Fundo Lagoon Msuka Bay The Hole Fundo Inner Kokota Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity Swiss Mandela Manta Njao Gap Simba 2D Stress: 0.04 Misali Cooling &flushing 1.3 2.2 3.1 4 Anthropogenic Misali has the lowest anthropogenic pressure because it is a no-take zone. Other sites are heavily fished, but with little threat from land-based pollution and nutrients. Fundo Outer Paradise 35
References 5 References Archer, A and Turner, D (1993) Notes on the endemic species and some additional new birds occurring on Pemba Island. Tanzania. Scopus 16. 94-98. Beentje, H, (1990) Botanical Assessment of Ngezi Forest, Pemba. Zanzibar Forestry Development Project, Technical Paper No. 1. Grimsditch, GD and Salm, R. (2006). Coral Reef Resilience and Resistance to Bleaching. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Obura, D. (2002) Status of coral reefs in East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and South Africa. CORDIO Annual Report 2002. Obura, D, Church, J, Daniels, C, Kalombo, H, Schleyer, M and Suleiman, M. (2004) Status of coral reefs in East Africa 2004: Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and South Africa. Status of coral reefs of the world: 2004. Obura, D. (2005) Resilience, coral bleaching and MPA design. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 603, 353-372. Obura, D and Grimsditch, G. (2009) Resilience assessment of coral reefs. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Pakenham, C, (1979) The Birds of Zanzibar and Pemba. British Ornithologists' Union, London. West J and Salm R. (2003) Environmental determinants of resistance and resilience to coral bleaching: implications for marine protected area management. Conservation Biology 17, 956-967. 36
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D<strong>et</strong>ailed Results<br />
Fundo Lagoon<br />
Msuka Bay<br />
Fundo Inner<br />
Kokota<br />
The Hole<br />
Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity<br />
Mandela Manta<br />
Njao Gap<br />
Simba<br />
Swiss<br />
2D St<strong>res</strong>s: 0.04<br />
Mis<strong>al</strong>i<br />
Extremes & Acclimatization<br />
1.3<br />
2.2<br />
Cooling and flushing<br />
Cooling and flushing is <strong>low</strong>est at<br />
Msuka Bay and Fundo Lagoon, but<br />
does not vary greatly b<strong>et</strong>ween other<br />
sites.<br />
3.1<br />
Fundo Outer<br />
4<br />
Paradise<br />
Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity<br />
2D St<strong>res</strong>s: 0.04<br />
Shade & screen<br />
Acclimatization<br />
Fundo Lagoon<br />
Msuka Bay<br />
The Hole<br />
Fundo Inner<br />
Kokota<br />
Swiss<br />
Mandela Manta<br />
Njao Gap<br />
Simba<br />
Mis<strong>al</strong>i<br />
2.2<br />
2.8<br />
3.4<br />
Acclimatization potenti<strong>al</strong> is high at<br />
Msuka Bay and Fundo Lagoon, but<br />
<strong>low</strong> at <strong>al</strong>l other sites.<br />
4<br />
Fundo Outer<br />
Paradise<br />
Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity<br />
2D St<strong>res</strong>s: 0.04<br />
Connectivity<br />
Shading and screening<br />
Msuka Bay<br />
Fundo Lagoon<br />
The Hole<br />
Fundo Inner<br />
Kokota<br />
Swiss<br />
Mandela Manta<br />
Njao Gap<br />
Simba<br />
Mis<strong>al</strong>i<br />
0.4<br />
1.6<br />
2.8<br />
Shading potenti<strong>al</strong> is <strong>low</strong> at Paradise<br />
and Fundo Outer due to lack of<br />
topographic complexity.<br />
4<br />
Fundo Outer<br />
Paradise<br />
Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity<br />
2D St<strong>res</strong>s: 0.04<br />
Anthropogenic<br />
Connectivity<br />
Msuka Bay<br />
Fundo Lagoon<br />
The Hole<br />
Fundo Inner<br />
Kokota<br />
Mandela Manta<br />
Njao Gap<br />
Simba<br />
Mis<strong>al</strong>i<br />
3.2<br />
3.8<br />
Connectivity does not vary greatly<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween sites.<br />
Swiss<br />
4.4<br />
5<br />
Fundo Outer<br />
Paradise<br />
Fundo Lagoon<br />
Msuka Bay<br />
The Hole<br />
Fundo Inner<br />
Kokota<br />
Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity<br />
Swiss<br />
Mandela Manta<br />
Njao Gap<br />
Simba<br />
2D St<strong>res</strong>s: 0.04<br />
Mis<strong>al</strong>i<br />
Cooling &flushing<br />
1.3<br />
2.2<br />
3.1<br />
4<br />
Anthropogenic<br />
Mis<strong>al</strong>i has the <strong>low</strong>est anthropogenic<br />
p<strong>res</strong>sure because it is a no-take zone.<br />
Other sites are heavily fished, but with<br />
little threat from land-based pollution<br />
and nutrients.<br />
Fundo Outer<br />
Paradise<br />
35
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