Grimsditsch et al Pemba Resilience Survey 2009 low res
Grimsditsch et al Pemba Resilience Survey 2009 low res.pdf
Grimsditsch et al Pemba Resilience Survey 2009 low res.pdf
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D<strong>et</strong>ailed Results<br />
4.6 <strong>Resilience</strong> indicators<br />
For each indicator, levels 1 to 5 were assigned according to loc<strong>al</strong> minimum/maximum levels and the<br />
distribution of v<strong>al</strong>ues in b<strong>et</strong>ween. A tot<strong>al</strong> of 55 variables were scored, that were grouped into the fol<strong>low</strong>ing<br />
factors:<br />
Group Explanation Factor Explanation<br />
Cover Benthic cover Benthic Benthic cover – combined estimates of hard and soft cor<strong>al</strong>s,<br />
and <strong>al</strong>gae<br />
Cor<strong>al</strong><br />
Condition of<br />
cor<strong>al</strong> community<br />
Current<br />
Current status shown by bleaching, disease, sexu<strong>al</strong><br />
recruitment and fragmentation of cor<strong>al</strong>s.<br />
Historic<br />
Past impacts to cor<strong>al</strong> community as shown by evidence of<br />
past mort<strong>al</strong>ity, evidence of recover potenti<strong>al</strong> and size class<br />
distributions<br />
Ecologic<strong>al</strong> Broader<br />
ecologic<strong>al</strong><br />
Negative Negative associates of cor<strong>al</strong>s – such as predators and<br />
epiphytes on cor<strong>al</strong> surfaces<br />
factors that<br />
affect cor<strong>al</strong>s<br />
Positive Positive associates of cor<strong>al</strong>s, such as obligate feeders<br />
(butterflyfish) and invertebrates and fish in branching cor<strong>al</strong>s.<br />
Herbs<br />
Herbivorous fish populations<br />
Physic<strong>al</strong> Environm<strong>et</strong>n<strong>al</strong><br />
and habitat<br />
Acclimatization Past and p<strong>res</strong>ent temperature dynamics that may protect<br />
cor<strong>al</strong>s by acclimatization/adaptive <strong>res</strong>ponses<br />
featu<strong>res</strong> that<br />
affect cor<strong>al</strong>s<br />
Cool &flush Degree of cooling/flushing of deeper and/or oceanic waters<br />
Shade &scrn Degree of shading or screening of cor<strong>al</strong>s by turbid water, reef<br />
slope, canopy cor<strong>al</strong>s, <strong>et</strong>c.<br />
Substrate Substrate qu<strong>al</strong>ity, such as sediment type and thickness,<br />
amount of rubble.<br />
Connectivity Connectivity and<br />
larv<strong>al</strong> supply<br />
Larvae<br />
Estimate of larv<strong>al</strong> supply from contiguousreefs, separated<br />
reefs and distant reef systems<br />
Transport Currents providing transport of larvae and effect of barriers to<br />
dispers<strong>al</strong>.<br />
Anthropogenic Human<br />
Fishing<br />
Degree of fishing, shown by fish populations and/or other data<br />
p<strong>res</strong>su<strong>res</strong> on Substrate Anthropogenic <strong>al</strong>terations to substrate – from sediment,<br />
reef sites<br />
damage, <strong>et</strong>c.<br />
Water<br />
Anthropogenic <strong>al</strong>terations to water qu<strong>al</strong>ity – from runoff,<br />
pollution, <strong>et</strong>c.<br />
Each factor was sc<strong>al</strong>ed from 1 (poor conditions for cor<strong>al</strong>s) to 5 (good conditions for cor<strong>al</strong>s), and the sites<br />
ranked from highest over<strong>al</strong>l <strong>res</strong>ilience to the <strong>low</strong>est.<br />
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