Grimsditsch et al Pemba Resilience Survey 2009 low res
Grimsditsch et al Pemba Resilience Survey 2009 low res.pdf Grimsditsch et al Pemba Resilience Survey 2009 low res.pdf
Detailed Results % coral colonies 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Incidence of algal attack on coral colonies Incidence of algal attack of coral colonies Incidence of algal attack of coral colonies is also highest in Msuka Bay with 9% of colonies being encroached by macro-algae 2 1 0 Msuka Bay The Hole Misali Kokota Swiss Fundo Inner Mandela Manta Njao Gap Fundo Outer Simba Paradise 25 Coralline algae % cover 20 15 10 5 0 Swiss Misali Fundo Inner Fundo Outer Mandela Kokota Fundo Lagoon Njao Gap Msuka Bay Paradise Simba The Hole Coralline algae are characterized by a hard thallus due to calcareous deposits in the cell walls. They are crucial for consolidating reef structure as well as facilitating scleractinian coral settlement by producing chemicals that promote coral larval settlement. The most common coralline algae on Pemba’s reefs was Neogoniolithon, a crustose rhodophyte. It was most common on Swiss Reef and Misali, but absent in Paradise, Simba and The Hole. Fundo Lagoon Njao Gap The Hole Kokota Fundo Inner Manta Simba Paradise Msuka Bay Mandela Transform: Square root Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity Misali 2D Stress: 0.15 Similarity 70 Benthic Cover Multi-Dimensional Scaling MDS plot of benthic cover results. At 70% similarity three clusters are clear. Misali is an outlier due to its very high coral cover, while Msuka Bay, Paradise Reef and Swiss Reef group together due to higher rubble, macro-algal and soft coral cover. Swiss 19
Detailed Results Fundo Lagoon The Hole Simba Paradise Fundo Lagoon Njao Gap Kokota Fundo InnerManta Msuka Bay Swiss Mandela Transform: Square root Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity Misali 2D Stress: 0.15 Transform: Square root Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity 2D Stress: 0.15 CORAL RUBBLE 5 9 36 63 90 Different Substrate Types at Each Site The bubble plots show the importance of different substrate types at each site. Plots for hard coral, rubble, macro-algae and soft coral are shown. Misali, the only no-take zone surveyed, shows the best recovery from past disturbances as it has the highest coral cover and low macroalgal cover, followed by Mandela and Manta. Degraded sites such as Paradise and Swiss have high rubble cover, but there is higher soft coral cover at Swiss. Msuka Bay is dominated by macro-algae, and this is probably its natural state due to its exposure to higher wind and wave energy coming from the northwest. Njao Gap Misali 20 The Hole Kokota Fundo InnerManta 35 Simba Mandela 50 Paradise Msuka Bay Swiss Fundo Lagoon Transform: Square root Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity 2D Stress: 0.15 ALGAE-MACRO 4 Njao Gap Misali 16 The Hole Kokota Fundo InnerManta Simba Mandela 28 40 Paradise Msuka Bay Swiss Fundo Lagoon Transform: Square root Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity 2D Stress: 0.15 SOFT CORAL 2 Njao Gap Misali 8 The Hole Kokota Fundo InnerManta 14 Simba Mandela 20 Paradise Msuka Bay Swiss 20
- Page 1 and 2: Coral Reef Resilience Assessment of
- Page 3 and 4: Coral Reef Resilience Assessment of
- Page 6 and 7: Executive Summary 1 Executive Summa
- Page 8 and 9: Executive Summary 2. Tackle the ove
- Page 10 and 11: The Study coral colony and coral co
- Page 12 and 13: The Study Table 2.1. Sites surveyed
- Page 14 and 15: The Study 7. Resilience indicators
- Page 16 and 17: Major Findings on the site that is
- Page 18 and 19: Major Findings rabbitfish, angelfis
- Page 20 and 21: Major Findings 2. Tackle the overfi
- Page 22 and 23: Detailed Results 4 Detailed Results
- Page 26 and 27: Detailed Results 4.2 Coral communit
- Page 28 and 29: Detailed Results 4.3 Coral populati
- Page 30 and 31: Detailed Results Moderate Faviid Su
- Page 32 and 33: Detailed Results 4.4 Crown-of-thorn
- Page 34 and 35: Detailed Results Density 250m2 200
- Page 36 and 37: Detailed Results 4.6 Resilience ind
- Page 38 and 39: Detailed Results Influence of resil
- Page 40 and 41: Detailed Results Fundo Lagoon Msuka
- Page 42: INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATIO
D<strong>et</strong>ailed Results<br />
% cor<strong>al</strong> colonies<br />
10<br />
9<br />
8<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
Incidence of <strong>al</strong>g<strong>al</strong> attack on cor<strong>al</strong> colonies<br />
Incidence of <strong>al</strong>g<strong>al</strong> attack<br />
of cor<strong>al</strong> colonies<br />
Incidence of <strong>al</strong>g<strong>al</strong> attack of<br />
cor<strong>al</strong> colonies is <strong>al</strong>so<br />
highest in Msuka Bay with<br />
9% of colonies being<br />
encroached by macro-<strong>al</strong>gae<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
Msuka Bay<br />
The Hole<br />
Mis<strong>al</strong>i<br />
Kokota<br />
Swiss<br />
Fundo Inner<br />
Mandela<br />
Manta<br />
Njao Gap<br />
Fundo<br />
Outer<br />
Simba<br />
Paradise<br />
25<br />
Cor<strong>al</strong>line <strong>al</strong>gae<br />
% cover<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
Swiss<br />
Mis<strong>al</strong>i<br />
Fundo Inner<br />
Fundo Outer<br />
Mandela<br />
Kokota<br />
Fundo Lagoon<br />
Njao Gap<br />
Msuka Bay<br />
Paradise<br />
Simba<br />
The Hole<br />
Cor<strong>al</strong>line <strong>al</strong>gae are<br />
characterized by a hard<br />
th<strong>al</strong>lus due to c<strong>al</strong>careous<br />
deposits in the cell w<strong>al</strong>ls.<br />
They are cruci<strong>al</strong> for<br />
consolidating reef structure<br />
as well as facilitating<br />
scleractinian cor<strong>al</strong><br />
s<strong>et</strong>tlement by producing<br />
chemic<strong>al</strong>s that promote<br />
cor<strong>al</strong> larv<strong>al</strong> s<strong>et</strong>tlement. The<br />
most common cor<strong>al</strong>line<br />
<strong>al</strong>gae on <strong>Pemba</strong>’s reefs was<br />
Neogoniolithon, a crustose<br />
rhodophyte. It was most<br />
common on Swiss Reef and<br />
Mis<strong>al</strong>i, but absent in<br />
Paradise, Simba and The<br />
Hole.<br />
Fundo Lagoon<br />
Njao Gap<br />
The Hole<br />
Kokota<br />
Fundo Inner Manta<br />
Simba<br />
Paradise Msuka Bay<br />
Mandela<br />
Transform: Square root<br />
Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity<br />
Mis<strong>al</strong>i<br />
2D St<strong>res</strong>s: 0.15<br />
Similarity<br />
70<br />
Benthic Cover<br />
Multi-Dimension<strong>al</strong> Sc<strong>al</strong>ing<br />
MDS plot of benthic cover<br />
<strong>res</strong>ults. At 70% similarity<br />
three clusters are clear.<br />
Mis<strong>al</strong>i is an outlier due to its<br />
very high cor<strong>al</strong> cover, while<br />
Msuka Bay, Paradise Reef<br />
and Swiss Reef group<br />
tog<strong>et</strong>her due to higher<br />
rubble, macro-<strong>al</strong>g<strong>al</strong> and soft<br />
cor<strong>al</strong> cover.<br />
Swiss<br />
19
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