Harnessing Solar energy, Options for India

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Table 11: Models of Dissemination Description Example Remarks Franchisee approach Franchisees are selected based on a competitive bidding or tendering process and given the responsibility of providing services to designated regions Argentina, Senegal, Bolivia, Philippines Competitive; open markets can create pressure in reducing costs; could target remote regions where market models may fail Leasing/microrental approach Fee-for-service model with service provider installing equipment, but retaining ownership while assuming operation and maintenance (O&M) risks in return of monthly rental Soluz in Honduras and Nicargua pioneered the concept for rural areas; also implemented in Laos and African countries like Zambia Logistically difficult for service providers to collect rent; working capital and risk management are issues for service provider Dealer/credit line approach Service providers sell equipment to users in an open market mode; may assist in financing through banks and micro-finance institutes (MFI) Sri Lanka; India, companies like SELCO Down payment requirements and interest rates are barriers for endusers; maintenance infrastructure is critical Other than pricing, the major barriers for PV dissemination in rural areas have been availability of local credit, lack of awareness of end-users, limited outlets of procurement, unavailability of different models catering to the specific needs of consumers, absence of trained manpower for maintenance, and lack of support to entrepreneurs. 21 The major barriers faced by end-users have been down payment requirements and the higher interest rates that small rural banks or cooperatives charge. However, as suggested in Figure 8, the capital subsidy of 30% can be given to the lending institution as down payment towards the solar loan, and the rest of the capital can be given as a loan to the enduser. A payment schedule that is convenient to the end-user and acceptable to the bank should be worked out. As an alternative for households that cannot access loans due to lack of creditworthiness, a micro-rental scheme can be looked into. It is estimated that if loans similar to that currently envisaged are provided to the service provider for managing the working capital, this model can be viable and could make the dissemination more inclusive. Solar Photovoltaic Applications CSTEP | Page 66
Current framework MNRE IREDA/NABARD Capital Subsidy @30% Loan 70% @ 2% Full payment Project developer Banking System Down payment of 20% EMI Delivery 50% of costs, @ 5% Consumers Suggested framework MNRE IREDA/NABARD Down payment of 30% Loan 70% cost @2% Full payment Banking System EMI 70% of costs @ 5% Project developer Delivery Consumers Figure 8: Current and Suggested Support Framework for Off-grid Solar PV Solar Photovoltaic Applications CSTEP | Page 67
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Harnessing Solar Energy: Options fo
Page 5:
Foreword Worship the sun god, the L
Page 8 and 9:
4. ADDITIONAL TARIFF PER UNIT OF EL
Page 11 and 12:
Executive Summary The Jawaharlal Ne
Page 13 and 14:
capital subsidy of `150 per W p pro
Page 15 and 16: policy choices. A comparison of thi
Page 17: of PPAs need better clarity. The en
Page 22 and 23: The Indian power sector is highly d
Page 24 and 25: 4. Solar Technologies: The Basics T
Page 26 and 27: Introduction CSTEP | Page 26
Page 28 and 29: Factors affecting performance: Temp
Page 30 and 31: PV Capacity (MW) in 2008; however,
Page 32: Annual Installed Capacity (GW) 5.5.
Page 36 and 37: Table 2: Timeline of Indian Policy
Page 38 and 39: India’s Solar-specific Policies C
Page 40 and 41: Table 4 gives an overview of JNNSM
Page 42 and 43: On 16 November 2010, bids from sola
Page 44 and 45: Table 6: Net Present Value of Outla
Page 46 and 47: 4.1.3. Policies for Grid-connected
Page 51 and 52: Cumulative Capacity, Grid Parity an
Page 53 and 54: Electricity Price (`/kWh) The price
Page 55: consumed by the customers will grad
Page 60 and 61: In the case of smaller PV plants, p
Page 62 and 63: decentralised in that banks and oth
Page 64 and 65: 1.2.1.Solar Lanterns 1.2.1.1. Overv
Page 68 and 69: 1.2.3. Solar PV Microgrid 1.2.3.1.
Page 70 and 71: NPV of Govt. Subsidies (` in Lakhs)
Page 72 and 73: Table 12: Capital Cost of Solar-bas
Page 74 and 75: electrification, assuming a solar s
Page 76 and 77: electrical energy output of the arr
Page 78 and 79: Table 18: Estimation of Potential f
Page 80 and 81: The benchmark cost and subsidy for
Page 82 and 83: 14 12 2.47 0.74 10 0.91 0.47 LCOE (
Page 84 and 85: 3.2.1.1. Conclusions Although econo
Page 86 and 87: IRR 3.3. Policy Debate From an inve
Page 88: Table 22: Estimation of Potential f
Page 92 and 93: Solar thermal technologies have a n
Page 94 and 95: Figure 19: Solar Dryer Installation
Page 96 and 97: Figure 20: The Box Cooker (Source:
Page 98 and 99: Table 26: Cost Calculation for a 60
Page 100 and 101: for the residential and commercial
Page 102 and 103: It is difficult to estimate the pot
Page 105 and 106: Appendix - 1 Assumptions in the Sec
Page 107 and 108: Appendix - 2 Grid Integration in Ur
Page 109 and 110: Appendix - 3 Estimation of Commerci
Page 111 and 112: Annexure 2 - List of Figures Introd
Page 113 and 114: Annexure 4 - List of Acronyms AC AC
Page 115 and 116: Annexure 5 - About the Authors Shub
Page 117 and 118:
21 RPS System in Japan, http://www.
Page 119 and 120:
35 Purohit, Pallav, ‘Financial Ev
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