Harnessing Solar energy, Options for India
A study on harnessing solar energy options for India was conducted recently by Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation, Climate works Foundation and SSN foundation. Supporting this study it has been concluded that solar energy can play a big role in providing electricity to rural areas and thus has been included in India’s rural electrification policy. See more at: http://shaktifoundation.in/report/harnessing-solar-energy-options-for-india/ A study on harnessing solar energy options for India was conducted recently by Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation, Climate works Foundation and SSN foundation. Supporting this study it has been concluded that solar energy can play a big role in providing electricity to rural areas and thus has been included in India’s rural electrification policy. See more at: http://shaktifoundation.in/report/harnessing-solar-energy-options-for-india/
a fire, or if there are other energy sources or storage connected, then there is a need for ground fault detection. e. Overload and overheat: The inverter should include a feature for auto-shutdown when there is an overload condition or it gets overheated. It should also incorporate an auto-restart feature when normal conditions are restored. f. Utility grid interface disconnect switch: A manual, lockable, load-break disconnect switch should be available that provides clear indication of the switch position and is both visible and accessible to utility workers. There should be a visual verification of the switch contact position when it is in the open position. 3. Impact of high penetration of PV on distribution networks: The small (kW level) rooftop PV systems will typically be connected to the existing LT distribution networks. The power production from PV will occur mostly in the late mornings and early afternoons. Whereas, in the case of residential lighting load in particular, the peak consumption will be in the evening. Thus, the instantaneous power production from PV will often exceed the instantaneous power consumption in residential areas with a high concentration of PV systems. This mismatch in power can create a net reverse power flow through the distribution transformers. The question, therefore, arises as to what the maximum PV power that can be injected into the utility’s distribution system could be without damaging the system. The PV power installed is limited by: a. Nominal rated power of distribution transformer. b. Capacity of distribution line and/or feeder. c. Voltage rise. d. Power quality issues such as harmonics. e. Unintentional islanding. Appendix- 2 CSTEP | Page 108
Appendix - 3 Estimation of Commercial Floor Space Available Table 36: City-based Estimation of Commercial Floor Space Available, 2006 (sq. feet) City Type included Total inventory Under construction Total Mumbai Grade A 33,807,000 5,589,000 39,396,000 Delhi Grade A, excluding 100% owner occupied 15,456,000 4,429,700 19,885,700 Kolkata Grade A, excluding 100% owner occupied 19,424,000 14,303,000 33,727,000 Chennai Grade A, excluding 100% owner occupied and above 25000 sq.ft 45,768,000 34,002,000 79,770,000 Bangalore Grade A & B, excluding 100% owner occupied 50,358,100 9,300,000 59,658,100 Hyderabad Grade A&B, excluding 100% owner occupied 14,431,400 4,927,000 19,358,400 Pune Grade A&B, excluding 100% owner occupied 31,030,400 15,456,000 46,486,400 *Source: TramellCrowMeghraj reports quarterly reports MID 2006 Appendix - 3 CSTEP | Page 109
- Page 60 and 61: In the case of smaller PV plants, p
- Page 62 and 63: decentralised in that banks and oth
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- Page 66 and 67: Table 11: Models of Dissemination D
- Page 68 and 69: 1.2.3. Solar PV Microgrid 1.2.3.1.
- Page 70 and 71: NPV of Govt. Subsidies (` in Lakhs)
- Page 72 and 73: Table 12: Capital Cost of Solar-bas
- Page 74 and 75: electrification, assuming a solar s
- Page 76 and 77: electrical energy output of the arr
- Page 78 and 79: Table 18: Estimation of Potential f
- Page 80 and 81: The benchmark cost and subsidy for
- Page 82 and 83: 14 12 2.47 0.74 10 0.91 0.47 LCOE (
- Page 84 and 85: 3.2.1.1. Conclusions Although econo
- Page 86 and 87: IRR 3.3. Policy Debate From an inve
- Page 88: Table 22: Estimation of Potential f
- Page 92 and 93: Solar thermal technologies have a n
- Page 94 and 95: Figure 19: Solar Dryer Installation
- Page 96 and 97: Figure 20: The Box Cooker (Source:
- Page 98 and 99: Table 26: Cost Calculation for a 60
- Page 100 and 101: for the residential and commercial
- Page 102 and 103: It is difficult to estimate the pot
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- Page 111 and 112: Annexure 2 - List of Figures Introd
- Page 113 and 114: Annexure 4 - List of Acronyms AC AC
- Page 115 and 116: Annexure 5 - About the Authors Shub
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Appendix - 3<br />
Estimation of Commercial Floor Space Available<br />
Table 36: City-based Estimation of Commercial Floor Space Available, 2006 (sq. feet)<br />
City<br />
Type included<br />
Total<br />
inventory<br />
Under<br />
construction<br />
Total<br />
Mumbai Grade A 33,807,000 5,589,000 39,396,000<br />
Delhi<br />
Grade A,<br />
excluding 100%<br />
owner occupied<br />
15,456,000 4,429,700 19,885,700<br />
Kolkata<br />
Grade A,<br />
excluding 100%<br />
owner occupied<br />
19,424,000 14,303,000 33,727,000<br />
Chennai<br />
Grade A,<br />
excluding 100%<br />
owner occupied<br />
and above 25000<br />
sq.ft<br />
45,768,000 34,002,000 79,770,000<br />
Bangalore<br />
Grade A & B,<br />
excluding 100%<br />
owner occupied<br />
50,358,100 9,300,000 59,658,100<br />
Hyderabad<br />
Grade A&B,<br />
excluding 100%<br />
owner occupied<br />
14,431,400 4,927,000 19,358,400<br />
Pune<br />
Grade A&B,<br />
excluding 100%<br />
owner occupied<br />
31,030,400 15,456,000 46,486,400<br />
*Source: TramellCrowMeghraj reports quarterly reports MID 2006<br />
Appendix - 3 CSTEP | Page 109
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