robert spencer-did muhammad exist__ an inquiry into islams obscure origins-intercollegiate studies institute (2012) (1)
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29 Ibn Kathir, Tafsir Ibn Kathir, vol. 6, 506–7.<br />
30 Jeffery, Foreign Vocabulary.<br />
31 Fr<strong>an</strong>z Rosenthal, “Some Minor Problems in the Qur'<strong>an</strong>,” in Ibn Warraq, What the Kor<strong>an</strong> Really Says, 332–34.<br />
32 Rosenthal, “Some Minor Problems,” 337.<br />
33 Al-Mahalli <strong>an</strong>d as-Suyuti, Tafsir al-Jalalayn, 1357.<br />
34 Gilliot, “Reconsidering the Authorship of the Qur'<strong>an</strong>,” 98.<br />
35 Ali, The Me<strong>an</strong>ing of the Holy Qur'<strong>an</strong>. L<strong>an</strong>guage modernized.<br />
36 “The Contradictions of the Qur'<strong>an</strong>,” Behind the Veil, ch. 11, http://www.<strong>an</strong>swering-islam.org/BehindVeil/btv11.html.<br />
37 Christoph Luxenberg, The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Kor<strong>an</strong>: A Contribution to the Decoding of the L<strong>an</strong>guage of the Kor<strong>an</strong><br />
(Berlin: Verlag H<strong>an</strong>s Schiler, 2000), 9.<br />
38 Alphonse Ming<strong>an</strong>a, “Syriac Influence on the Style of the Kor<strong>an</strong>,” in Ibn Warraq, What the Kor<strong>an</strong> Really Says, 175.<br />
39 Ibid., 176, 180.<br />
40 Ibid., 178.<br />
41 Ibid., 178–79.<br />
42 Ibid., 188.<br />
43 Ibid., 181–82.<br />
44 Ibid., 184–86.<br />
45 Pickthall, The Me<strong>an</strong>ing of the Glorious Kor<strong>an</strong>.<br />
46 Ming<strong>an</strong>a, “Syriac Influence,” 187.<br />
47 Jeffery, Foreign Vocabulary.<br />
48 Ibid.<br />
49 Ali, The Me<strong>an</strong>ing of the Holy Qur'<strong>an</strong>.<br />
50 Al-Misri, Reli<strong>an</strong>ce of the Traveller, 011.3, 5.<br />
51 Jeffery, Foreign Vocabulary.<br />
52 Ibn Warraq, “Introduction to Sura IX.29,” in Ibn Warraq, What the Kor<strong>an</strong> Really Says, 319.<br />
53 Rosenthal, “Some Minor Problems,” 324.<br />
54 Uri Rubin, “Kor<strong>an</strong> <strong>an</strong>d Tafsir: The Case of ‘<strong>an</strong> Yadin,’” in Ibn Warraq, What the Kor<strong>an</strong> Really Says, 372–80.<br />
Chapter 8: What the Qur'<strong>an</strong> May Have Been<br />
1 Pickthall, The Me<strong>an</strong>ing of the Glorious Kor<strong>an</strong>. L<strong>an</strong>guage modernized.<br />
2 Tafsir al-Jalalayn, 770.<br />
3 For more on furq<strong>an</strong>, see Fred M. Donner, “On Qur'<strong>an</strong>ic Furq<strong>an</strong>,” Journal of Semitic Studies 52 (2007): 279–300.<br />
4 C. Heger, “Kor<strong>an</strong> XXV.1: Al-Furq<strong>an</strong> <strong>an</strong>d the ‘Warner,’” in Ibn Warraq, What the Kor<strong>an</strong> Really Says, 387–89.<br />
5 M. Abul Quasem, tr<strong>an</strong>s. <strong>an</strong>d ed., The Recitation <strong>an</strong>d Interpretation of the Qur'<strong>an</strong>: Al-Ghazali's Theory (Kuala Lumpur: University<br />
of Malaya Press, 1979), 40–41 (quoted in Abdullah David <strong>an</strong>d M. S. M. Saifullah, “Concise List of Arabic M<strong>an</strong>uscripts of the Qur'<strong>an</strong><br />
Attributable to the First Century Hijra,” Islamic Awareness, June 14, 2008, http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Qur<strong>an</strong>/Text/Mss/hijazi.html).<br />
6 Keith E. Small, Textual Criticism <strong>an</strong>d Qur'<strong>an</strong> M<strong>an</strong>uscripts (L<strong>an</strong>ham, MD: Lexington Books, 2011), 69–72.<br />
7 David Margoliouth, “Textual Variations of the Kor<strong>an</strong>,” in Ibn Warraq, The Origins of the Kor<strong>an</strong>, 158.<br />
8 Ming<strong>an</strong>a, “Syriac Influence,” 181–82.<br />
9 Ibn Warraq. Virgins?, 50.<br />
10 Quoted in Gabriel Said Reynolds, “Introduction: Qur'<strong>an</strong>ic Studies <strong>an</strong>d Its Controversies,” in Reynolds, Historical Context, 17.