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Muhammad and His Family, According to Islamic Tradition Muhammad was the son of Abdullah and Amina. Muhammad's paternal grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, had a son, Abbas. His son, Abdullah ibn Abbas, was Muhammad's cousin. Many hadiths are attributed to Abdullah ibn Abbas as the ultimate source: The chain of transmitters begins with him as the witness of the event recounted. Abdullah's brother Abu Talib was Muhammad's guardian after the deaths of Abdullah and Amina. He was also the father of Ali ibn Abi Talib, who was Muhammad's cousin and the founding figure of Shiite Islam. Muhammad and his first wife, Khadija, had three daughters: Fatima, Zaynab, and Ruqayya.
Fatima married Ali ibn Abi Talib and had five children, including the Shiite heroes Hasan and Husayn. The latter was killed in the Battle of Karbala in 680, which sealed the split between the Sunnis and the Shiites. Ruqayya married Uthman, who became the third caliph after Abu Bakr and Umar. Ali succeeded to the caliphate when Uthman was murdered. When Ali was murdered, Muawiya, Uthman's cousin, became caliph.
Page 2 and 3: DID MUHAMMAD EXIST? An Inquiry into
Page 4 and 5: Dedicated to all those who do not f
Page 6 and 7: Contents Foreword by Johannes J. G.
Page 8 and 9: scholars will not be interested in
Page 10 and 11: 650s-660s: Arabian conquest of Nort
Page 14 and 15: Introduction
Page 16 and 17: historicity of Muhammad. Although t
Page 18 and 19: No one knows, for it has never rece
Page 20 and 21: Some of the bold scholars who have
Page 22 and 23: Influenced by this, the historians
Page 24 and 25: 1
Page 26 and 27: ut this could apply to any of the Q
Page 28 and 29: Was That Muhammad? In light of all
Page 30 and 31: leader as the “devil.” It is un
Page 32 and 33: them, reprimand them, warn them, an
Page 34 and 35: was not even able to save himself f
Page 36 and 37: of polemical hyperbole or using a t
Page 38 and 39: 2
Page 40 and 41: encountering some mention of Islam,
Page 42 and 43: The first biographer of Muhammad, I
Page 44 and 45: Allah [is] great in greatness and g
Page 46 and 47: This Qur'anic material is the earli
Page 48 and 49: that orthodox theologians produced
Page 50 and 51: Arabic language, he was eloquent an
Page 52 and 53: 3
Page 54 and 55: The same can be said of an explanat
Page 56 and 57: “anyone who establishes in Islam
Page 58 and 59: But with Muhammad held up as an exe
Page 60 and 61: When Ibn Umar says that yes, he did
Page 62 and 63:
these are known as as-Sahih as-Sitt
Page 64 and 65:
was self-contradictory or absurd on
Page 66 and 67:
latter's “godlessness and opposit
Page 68 and 69:
Switching On the Full Light of Hist
Page 70 and 71:
Ibn Ishaq's Reliability So are thes
Page 72 and 73:
Muhammad's virtues, or a combinatio
Page 74 and 75:
Jansen administers the coup de grâ
Page 76 and 77:
Central to Islam, therefore, is the
Page 78 and 79:
(Nor, for that matter, do Muslim hi
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5
Page 82 and 83:
The problem with the third option i
Page 84 and 85:
years of age. 6 The earliest Islami
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elationship, the Qur'an also has Ma
Page 88 and 89:
einforced the point that Muhammad h
Page 90 and 91:
“worked on Allah's Apostle so tha
Page 92 and 93:
The Unchanging Qur'an Changes The Q
Page 94 and 95:
during the eighth and ninth centuri
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did not worry over such matters, wh
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Rajam be inflicted on him who commi
Page 100 and 101:
telling indications that it has bee
Page 102 and 103:
ut suddenly verses 238 and 239 inte
Page 104 and 105:
The Non-Arabic Arabic Qur'an A Book
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“We know indeed that they say,
Page 108 and 109:
Puin explains: “The Koran claims
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a person dies, his Book (of deeds)
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The Syriac influence is not restric
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To provide the new religion with it
Page 116 and 117:
What the Qur'an May Have Been A Clu
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An Islamic scholar writing late in
Page 120 and 121:
Luxenberg states that if Qur'an “
Page 122 and 123:
symbolism of the wine of Paradise.
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Syriac connection, has revealed—c
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unbelievers, may say, “What did G
Page 128 and 129:
gods except the Creator of all, nor
Page 130 and 131:
in Paradise reserved exclusively fo
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9
Page 134 and 135:
who have been true in their covenan
Page 136 and 137:
for them to brandish. Nor is it eve
Page 138 and 139:
The First Mention of the Qur'an If
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Uthman approved did not survive, ev
Page 142 and 143:
10
Page 144 and 145:
years after its birth, Islam has re
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The realm of political theology, th
Page 148 and 149:
The real proliferation of material
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from long after the time he is supp
Page 152 and 153:
Notes Introduction: The Full Light
Page 154 and 155:
34 Ibid., 63-64 (= Patrologia Greca
Page 156 and 157:
6 Al-Qastellani, X, 342 (quoted in
Page 158 and 159:
7 Arthur Jeffery, “The Quest of t
Page 160 and 161:
Chapter 6: The Unchanging Qur'an Ch
Page 162 and 163:
29 Ibn Kathir, Tafsir Ibn Kathir, v
Page 164 and 165:
49 Nevo and Koren, Crossroads to Is
Page 167 and 168:
Further Reading There is a great de
Page 169 and 170:
Acknowledgments I could not have wr
Page 171 and 172:
Muhammad and, 2, 7, 24-28, 41, 48,
Page 173 and 174:
Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Ephraem
Page 175 and 176:
Islamic calendar, 48-49, 204 Islami
Page 177 and 178:
Mufid, Sheikh al-, 81 Mughira, al-,
Page 179 and 180:
Rosenthal, Franz, 154 Ruqayya (daug
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