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E-Zigaretten und E-Shishas: Welche Faktoren gefährden die Gesundheit? Literatur 1 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (1997) Toxicological profile for propylene glycol. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia, USA 2 Bahl V, Lin S, Xu N, Davis B, Wang YH & Talbot P (2012) Comparison of electronic cigarette refill fluid cytotoxicity using embryonic and adult models. Reprod Toxicol 34: 529-537 3 Barrington-Trimis JL, Samet JM & McConnell R (2014) Flavorings in electronic cigarettes: an unrecognized respiratory health hazard? JAMA 312: 2493-2494 4 Bekki K, Uchiyama S, Ohta K, Inaba Y, Nakagome H & Kunugita N (2014) Carbonyl compounds generated from electronic cigarettes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 11: 11192-11200 5 Benowitz NL (2010) Nicotine addiction. N Engl J Med 362: 2295-2303 6 Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (2015) Niktoinfreie E-Shishas bergen gesundheitliche Risiken. Stellungnahme Nr. 010/2015 des BfR vom 23. April 2015 7 Bhatnagar A, Whitsel LP, Ribisl KM, Bullen C, Chaloupka F, Piano MR, Robertson RM, McAuley T, Goff D & Benowitz N on behalf of the American Heart Association Advocacy Coordinating Committee, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research (2014) Electronic cigarettes: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 130: 1418-1436 8 Brown CJ & Cheng JM (2014) Electronic cigarettes: product characterisation and design considerations. Tob Control 23, Suppl 2: ii4-ii10 9 Bruin JE, Gerstein HC & Holloway AC (2010) Long-term consequences of fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure: a critical review. Toxicol Sci 116: 364-374 10 Cameron JM, Howell DN, White JR, Andrenyak DM, Layton ME & Roll JM (2014) Variable and potentially fatal amounts of nicotine in e-cigarette nicotine solutions. Tob Control 23: 77-78 11 Cervellati F, Muresan XM, Sticozzi C, Gambari R, Montagner G, Forman HJ, Torricelli C, Maioli E & Valacchi G (2014) Comparative effects between electronic and cigarette smoke in human keratinocytes and epithelial lung cells. Toxicol In Vitro 28: 999-1005 12 Chatham-Stephens K, Law R, Taylor E, Melstrom P, Bunnell R, Wang B, Apelberg B & Schier JG (2014) Notes from the field: calls to poison centers for exposures to electronic cigarettes – United States, September 2010 - February 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63/13: 292-293 13 Cheah NP, Chong NW, Tan J, Morsed FA & Yee SK (2014) Electronic nicotine delivery systems: regulatory and safety challenges: Singapore perspective. Tob Control 23: 119-125. 14 Choi H, Schmidbauer N, Sundell J, Hasselgren M, Spengler J & Bornehag CG (2010) Common household chemicals and the allergy risks in pre-school age children. PLoS One 5: e13423 15 Cobb NK & Abrams DB (2011) E-cigarette or drug-delivery device? Regulating novel nicotine products. N Engl J Med 365: 193-195 16 Davies P, Levy S, Pahari A & Martinez D (2001) Acute nicotine poisoning associated with a traditional remedy for eczema. Arch Dis Child 85: 500-502 17 Davis B, Razo A, Nothnagel E, Chen M & Talbot P (2015) Unexpected nicotine in Do-it-Yourself electronic cigarette flavourings. Tob Control, online veröffentlicht am 27. Juli 2015 (im Druck) 18 El-Hellani A, El-Hage R, Baalbaki R, Salman R, Talih S, Shihadeh A & Saliba NA (2015) Free-base and protonated nicotine in electronic cigarette liquids and aerosols. Chem Res Toxicol 28: 1532-1537 19 Etter JF, Zather E & Svensson S (2013) Analysis of refill liquids for electronic cigarettes. Addiction 108: 1671-1679 20 Farsalinos KE, Kistler KA, Gillman G & Voudris V (2015) Evaluation of electronic cigarette liquids and aerosol for the presence of selected inhalation toxins. Nicotine Tob Res 17: 168-174 21 Farsalinos KE, Romagna G, Allifranchini E, Ripamonti E, Bocchietto E, Todeschi S, Tsiapras D, Kyrzopoulos S & Voudris V (2013) Comparison of the cytotoxic potential of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette vapour ex tract on cultured myocardial cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health 10: 5146-5162 22 Farsalinos KE, Spyrou A, Stefopoulos C, Tsimopoulou K, Kourkoveli P, Tsiapras D, Kyrzopoulos S, Poulas K & Voudris V (2015) Nicotine absorption from electronic cigarette use: comparison between experienced consumers (vapers) and naive users (smokers). Sci Rep 5: 11269 - 6 -
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