Lava cascade in Thunderbolt Distributary of Labyrinth Cave system

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Caves easily accessible from Cave Loop Road-Continued Ovis Cave and Paradise Alleys-Continued Paradise Alleys-Continued Upper level 31 Former skylight 32 Natural Bridge area 32 Large collapse trenches 32 Lava-tube caves in the Natural Bridge area 33 Caves beneath Natural Bridge 33 Gail Cave 34 Juniper Pole Cave 34 Sunshine Cave 34 Battered Sherman Cave and Sunshine Arch 35 Prohibition Cave 37 Hercules Leg and Juniper Caves 37 Features near entrance 37 Middle and lower parts of Hercules Leg Cave 38 Juniper Cave 38 Relation to Hercules Leg Cave 38 Floor jam at the junction of Hercules Leg tube and Upper Juniper Tube 38 Sentinel Cave 39 Features near upper entrance 40 Middle level of Sentinel Cave 40 Tubes intersecting Sentinel Cave 40 Lower entrance and downstream extension 41 Other caves in or near the monument 42 Valentine Cave 42 Surface features near entrance 43 Schollendomes 43 Upper part of Valentine Cave 43 Two central breakdowns 44 Downstream distributaries 45 Tickner and Berthas Cupboard Caves and Tickner Chimneys 45 Tickner Cave 46 Berthas Cupboard Cave 51 Tickner Chimneys 53 Merrill Ice Cave, Bearpaw Cave, and nearby collapse trenches 53 Merrill Ice Cave, entrance level 53 Merrill Ice Cave, ice level 55 Bearpaw Cave 55 Collapse trenches 56 Hydraulic rampart 56 Kirk Whites and Beaconlight Caves 57 Kirk Whites Cave 58 The Igloo 58 Beaconlight Cave 58 Skull Cave 59 Upper level 59 Lower level 60 Red tuff and volcanic breccia 62 Ice in Skull Cave 63 Boulevard, Balcony, and Sharks Mouth Caves 63 Boulevard Cave 63 Boulevard entrance chamber and East Branch of Balcony Cave 64 Balcony Cave 65 VI Contents
Other caves in or near the monument-Continued Boulevard, Balcony, and Sharks Mouth Caves-Continued South Branch of Balcony Cave 66 Balcony Extension 67 Sharks Mouth Cave 67 Other caves 68 Silver Cave 68 Features at entrance 68 Features downstream from entrance Features upstream from entrance 68 69 Post Office Cave 70 General pattern of Post Office Cave 71 Collapse trench at downstream entrance 72 Flow units 73 Entrance cavern and downstream entrance level 73 Upper Cataract Tube 73 Red Plaster Room 74 Second breakdown 74 Cataract Connector 75 Lower Cataract Tube 76 Tubes upstream from Cataract Connector 76 Silver Connector level 76 Silver Connector 77 Lower Entrance Tube 78 Cocoa Pipeline 78 Cocoa entrance level 79 Upper entrance level 79 Lava transport 80 Craig Cave and Craig Temple 80 Craig Cave 81 Entrance collapse trench 82 Craig Temple 83 Fern Cave 83 Downstream through Fern Cave 84 Crystal Cave 85 Upper level 86 Middle and lower levels 87 Overpass level 88 Ice deposits 88 Heppe Caves and the Mammoth Crater-Hidden Valley area 91 Geology of the Heppe Caves 92 Heppe Chimney 92 Mammoth Crater 92 Hidden Valley 93 Former lava lake north of Mammoth Crater 93 Shoreline of the lava lake 95 Upper Ice Cave 95 Callahan flow 95 Collapse trenches between Skull Cave and Three Bridges area 95 Skull breakdown to Captain Jacks Bridge 96 Captain Jacks Bridge to Three Bridges area 99 Schonchin Butte flow 101 A final note 101 References cited 101 Additional references on volcanology 102 Contents VII
Page 2 and 3: Lava cascade in Thunderbolt Distrib
Page 4 and 5: Frontispiece. Two visitors explore
Page 6 and 7: DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL L
Page 10 and 11: PLATES [In pocket] 1. Caves of the
Page 12 and 13: Many of the feature names used in t
Page 14 and 15: Tulelake LOWER KLAMATH LAKE Prisone
Page 16 and 17: EXPLANATION ................... Lav
Page 18 and 19: flow, then the lava may pool behind
Page 20 and 21: "pull outs" where the dripping plas
Page 22 and 23: Mushpot, Catacombs, Ovis, and Merri
Page 24 and 25: Waters agreed to do the cave mappin
Page 26 and 27: into the distributary in the genera
Page 28 and 29: crawled 180 ft from the Mushpot tub
Page 30 and 31: es of plaster clog its continuation
Page 32 and 33: level of the tube. The southern ent
Page 34 and 35: surface collapse and only one comer
Page 36 and 37: dead-end passages on different vert
Page 38 and 39: and a roof covered with lavacicles
Page 40 and 41: puzzles abound in the Catacombs; do
Page 42 and 43: Ovis Cave Apparently, E.L. Hopkins
Page 44 and 45: thus forms a bridge over the broken
Page 46 and 47: pit is located along the southwest
Page 48 and 49: lava tubes, and the upper parts of
Page 50 and 51: occupies the lava pool just upstrea
Page 52 and 53: underway. Collapse to the surface h
Page 54 and 55: one located just below ceiling heig
Page 56 and 57: high, but it immediately widens to
Page 58 and 59:
low depths along fissures. Many sma
Page 60 and 61:
collapse (map 9, pl. 3). Two others
Page 62 and 63:
For a short distance below the coll
Page 64 and 65:
circle the two large downstream pil
Page 66 and 67:
where it opens into the north end o
Page 68 and 69:
water well, the cave changes marked
Page 70 and 71:
the older Schonchin Butte lava flow
Page 72 and 73:
here to the entrance, the tube is f
Page 74 and 75:
One cannot walk beneath it, as unde
Page 76 and 77:
Room-is actually a natural bridge,
Page 78 and 79:
pooled in the mouth ofthe tributary
Page 80 and 81:
perfection and cleanliness of its l
Page 82 and 83:
etween the benches. The levees are
Page 84 and 85:
tubes created a cave floor that is
Page 86 and 87:
cessive accretionary linings of lav
Page 88 and 89:
two levels were joined by a breakdo
Page 90 and 91:
ft and passes through several level
Page 92 and 93:
stream, the ceiling heights drop, t
Page 94 and 95:
Cave. Collapse rubble half fills Cr
Page 96 and 97:
heights are between 12 and 20 ft in
Page 98 and 99:
Blue Glacier Room, where continuati
Page 100 and 101:
upstream from the one noted by the
Page 102 and 103:
Red Ice Room (fig. 63), which lies
Page 104 and 105:
tation that this tube system was fe
Page 106 and 107:
sured ground now occupies nearly tw
Page 108 and 109:
The larger and more interesting cav
Page 110 and 111:
part talus was reversed. Moreover,
Page 112 and 113:
long and 300ft in maximum width. Th
Page 114:
and lunar implications: Communicati
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Lava cascade in Thunderbolt Distributary of Labyrinth Cave system

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