Lava cascade in Thunderbolt Distributary of Labyrinth Cave system
report report
Caves easily accessible from Cave Loop Road-Continued Ovis Cave and Paradise Alleys-Continued Paradise Alleys-Continued Upper level 31 Former skylight 32 Natural Bridge area 32 Large collapse trenches 32 Lava-tube caves in the Natural Bridge area 33 Caves beneath Natural Bridge 33 Gail Cave 34 Juniper Pole Cave 34 Sunshine Cave 34 Battered Sherman Cave and Sunshine Arch 35 Prohibition Cave 37 Hercules Leg and Juniper Caves 37 Features near entrance 37 Middle and lower parts of Hercules Leg Cave 38 Juniper Cave 38 Relation to Hercules Leg Cave 38 Floor jam at the junction of Hercules Leg tube and Upper Juniper Tube 38 Sentinel Cave 39 Features near upper entrance 40 Middle level of Sentinel Cave 40 Tubes intersecting Sentinel Cave 40 Lower entrance and downstream extension 41 Other caves in or near the monument 42 Valentine Cave 42 Surface features near entrance 43 Schollendomes 43 Upper part of Valentine Cave 43 Two central breakdowns 44 Downstream distributaries 45 Tickner and Berthas Cupboard Caves and Tickner Chimneys 45 Tickner Cave 46 Berthas Cupboard Cave 51 Tickner Chimneys 53 Merrill Ice Cave, Bearpaw Cave, and nearby collapse trenches 53 Merrill Ice Cave, entrance level 53 Merrill Ice Cave, ice level 55 Bearpaw Cave 55 Collapse trenches 56 Hydraulic rampart 56 Kirk Whites and Beaconlight Caves 57 Kirk Whites Cave 58 The Igloo 58 Beaconlight Cave 58 Skull Cave 59 Upper level 59 Lower level 60 Red tuff and volcanic breccia 62 Ice in Skull Cave 63 Boulevard, Balcony, and Sharks Mouth Caves 63 Boulevard Cave 63 Boulevard entrance chamber and East Branch of Balcony Cave 64 Balcony Cave 65 VI Contents
Other caves in or near the monument-Continued Boulevard, Balcony, and Sharks Mouth Caves-Continued South Branch of Balcony Cave 66 Balcony Extension 67 Sharks Mouth Cave 67 Other caves 68 Silver Cave 68 Features at entrance 68 Features downstream from entrance Features upstream from entrance 68 69 Post Office Cave 70 General pattern of Post Office Cave 71 Collapse trench at downstream entrance 72 Flow units 73 Entrance cavern and downstream entrance level 73 Upper Cataract Tube 73 Red Plaster Room 74 Second breakdown 74 Cataract Connector 75 Lower Cataract Tube 76 Tubes upstream from Cataract Connector 76 Silver Connector level 76 Silver Connector 77 Lower Entrance Tube 78 Cocoa Pipeline 78 Cocoa entrance level 79 Upper entrance level 79 Lava transport 80 Craig Cave and Craig Temple 80 Craig Cave 81 Entrance collapse trench 82 Craig Temple 83 Fern Cave 83 Downstream through Fern Cave 84 Crystal Cave 85 Upper level 86 Middle and lower levels 87 Overpass level 88 Ice deposits 88 Heppe Caves and the Mammoth Crater-Hidden Valley area 91 Geology of the Heppe Caves 92 Heppe Chimney 92 Mammoth Crater 92 Hidden Valley 93 Former lava lake north of Mammoth Crater 93 Shoreline of the lava lake 95 Upper Ice Cave 95 Callahan flow 95 Collapse trenches between Skull Cave and Three Bridges area 95 Skull breakdown to Captain Jacks Bridge 96 Captain Jacks Bridge to Three Bridges area 99 Schonchin Butte flow 101 A final note 101 References cited 101 Additional references on volcanology 102 Contents VII
- Page 2 and 3: Lava cascade in Thunderbolt Distrib
- Page 4 and 5: Frontispiece. Two visitors explore
- Page 6 and 7: DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL L
- Page 10 and 11: PLATES [In pocket] 1. Caves of the
- Page 12 and 13: Many of the feature names used in t
- Page 14 and 15: Tulelake LOWER KLAMATH LAKE Prisone
- Page 16 and 17: EXPLANATION ................... Lav
- Page 18 and 19: flow, then the lava may pool behind
- Page 20 and 21: "pull outs" where the dripping plas
- Page 22 and 23: Mushpot, Catacombs, Ovis, and Merri
- Page 24 and 25: Waters agreed to do the cave mappin
- Page 26 and 27: into the distributary in the genera
- Page 28 and 29: crawled 180 ft from the Mushpot tub
- Page 30 and 31: es of plaster clog its continuation
- Page 32 and 33: level of the tube. The southern ent
- Page 34 and 35: surface collapse and only one comer
- Page 36 and 37: dead-end passages on different vert
- Page 38 and 39: and a roof covered with lavacicles
- Page 40 and 41: puzzles abound in the Catacombs; do
- Page 42 and 43: Ovis Cave Apparently, E.L. Hopkins
- Page 44 and 45: thus forms a bridge over the broken
- Page 46 and 47: pit is located along the southwest
- Page 48 and 49: lava tubes, and the upper parts of
- Page 50 and 51: occupies the lava pool just upstrea
- Page 52 and 53: underway. Collapse to the surface h
- Page 54 and 55: one located just below ceiling heig
- Page 56 and 57: high, but it immediately widens to
<strong>Cave</strong>s easily accessible from <strong>Cave</strong> Loop Road-Cont<strong>in</strong>ued<br />
Ovis <strong>Cave</strong> and Paradise Alleys-Cont<strong>in</strong>ued<br />
Paradise Alleys-Cont<strong>in</strong>ued<br />
Upper level 31<br />
Former skylight 32<br />
Natural Bridge area 32<br />
Large collapse trenches 32<br />
<strong>Lava</strong>-tube caves <strong>in</strong> the Natural Bridge area 33<br />
<strong>Cave</strong>s beneath Natural Bridge 33<br />
Gail <strong>Cave</strong> 34<br />
Juniper Pole <strong>Cave</strong> 34<br />
Sunsh<strong>in</strong>e <strong>Cave</strong> 34<br />
Battered Sherman <strong>Cave</strong> and Sunsh<strong>in</strong>e Arch 35<br />
Prohibition <strong>Cave</strong> 37<br />
Hercules Leg and Juniper <strong>Cave</strong>s 37<br />
Features near entrance 37<br />
Middle and lower parts <strong>of</strong> Hercules Leg <strong>Cave</strong> 38<br />
Juniper <strong>Cave</strong> 38<br />
Relation to Hercules Leg <strong>Cave</strong> 38<br />
Floor jam at the junction <strong>of</strong> Hercules Leg tube and Upper Juniper<br />
Tube 38<br />
Sent<strong>in</strong>el <strong>Cave</strong> 39<br />
Features near upper entrance 40<br />
Middle level <strong>of</strong> Sent<strong>in</strong>el <strong>Cave</strong> 40<br />
Tubes <strong>in</strong>tersect<strong>in</strong>g Sent<strong>in</strong>el <strong>Cave</strong> 40<br />
Lower entrance and downstream extension 41<br />
Other caves <strong>in</strong> or near the monument 42<br />
Valent<strong>in</strong>e <strong>Cave</strong> 42<br />
Surface features near entrance 43<br />
Schollendomes 43<br />
Upper part <strong>of</strong> Valent<strong>in</strong>e <strong>Cave</strong> 43<br />
Two central breakdowns 44<br />
Downstream distributaries 45<br />
Tickner and Berthas Cupboard <strong>Cave</strong>s and Tickner Chimneys 45<br />
Tickner <strong>Cave</strong> 46<br />
Berthas Cupboard <strong>Cave</strong> 51<br />
Tickner Chimneys 53<br />
Merrill Ice <strong>Cave</strong>, Bearpaw <strong>Cave</strong>, and nearby collapse trenches 53<br />
Merrill Ice <strong>Cave</strong>, entrance level 53<br />
Merrill Ice <strong>Cave</strong>, ice level 55<br />
Bearpaw <strong>Cave</strong> 55<br />
Collapse trenches 56<br />
Hydraulic rampart 56<br />
Kirk Whites and Beaconlight <strong>Cave</strong>s 57<br />
Kirk Whites <strong>Cave</strong> 58<br />
The Igloo 58<br />
Beaconlight <strong>Cave</strong> 58<br />
Skull <strong>Cave</strong> 59<br />
Upper level 59<br />
Lower level 60<br />
Red tuff and volcanic breccia 62<br />
Ice <strong>in</strong> Skull <strong>Cave</strong> 63<br />
Boulevard, Balcony, and Sharks Mouth <strong>Cave</strong>s 63<br />
Boulevard <strong>Cave</strong> 63<br />
Boulevard entrance chamber and East Branch <strong>of</strong> Balcony <strong>Cave</strong> 64<br />
Balcony <strong>Cave</strong> 65<br />
VI<br />
Contents