Lava cascade in Thunderbolt Distributary of Labyrinth Cave system

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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, jR., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1990 For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Waters, Aaron Clement, 1905- Selected caves and lava-tube systems in and near Lava Beds National Monument, California I by Aaron C. Waters, Julie M. Donnelly-Nolan, and Bruce W. Rogers. p. em. - (U.S.Geological Survey bulletin ; 1673) Includes bibliographical references. Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.3:1673 1. Lava tubes-California-Lava Beds National Monument. 2. Caves-California-Lava Beds National Monument. 3. Lava Beds National Monument (Calif.) I. Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. II. Rogers, Bruce W. Ill. Title. IV. Series. QE75.B9 no. 1673 [GB649.L3] 557.3 s- dc20 90-3661 [551.4'.0979421] CIP
CONTENTS Introduction 1 Exploring the caves 8 Cave names 8 Cave maps and descriptions 9 Preparation of the maps 11 Acknowledgments 11 Caves easily accessible from Cave Loop Road 12 Lava-Tube Caves of the Headquarters area 12 Mushpot Cave 12 Features near entrance 12 High-lava marks 13 Eastern distributary 13 Western tributary 14 Balconies and skylights 14 Dripstone and lavacicles 14 Caliche, false gold, and phosphorescent deposits 14 Lava Brook Cave 15 Three Junction area 15 Twin Pillars-Sleeping Beauty area 16 Mushpot-Lava Brook floor jam 16 South tributary 16 Lava Brook Cave upstream from entrance 16 Area near Thunderbolt entrance 17 Thunderbolt Distributary (East Labyrinth Cave) 17 Downstream from East Labyrinth entrance 17 Arch Cave 17 Near-surface nature of the Headquarters and Labyrinth area tubes 18 Indian Well, Doc Y ock, and Stinking Caves 18 Labyrinth Cave System 20 Garden Bridges area 20 Blue Grotto area 21 Hopkins Chocolate Cave 22 Golden Dome Cave 22 Labyrinth (area east of Garden Bridges) 23 Thunderbolt and Labyrinth Distributaries 24 Catacombs Cave 24 Former lava lake in Catacombs Basin 25 Features between The Bedroom and The Bathtub 25 The Bathtub area 26 Northeastern part of Catacombs Caves 28 The southeastern tube 28 Two northeastern tubes 28 Area near Howards Hole 28 Balconies near crossover between tubes 29 Second crossover and area near Cleopatras Grave 29 Ovis Cave and Paradise Alleys 29 Ovis Cave 30 Paradise Alleys 31 Lower level 31 Middle level 31 Contents V
Page 2 and 3: Lava cascade in Thunderbolt Distrib
Page 4 and 5: Frontispiece. Two visitors explore
Page 8 and 9: Caves easily accessible from Cave L
Page 10 and 11: PLATES [In pocket] 1. Caves of the
Page 12 and 13: Many of the feature names used in t
Page 14 and 15: Tulelake LOWER KLAMATH LAKE Prisone
Page 16 and 17: EXPLANATION ................... Lav
Page 18 and 19: flow, then the lava may pool behind
Page 20 and 21: "pull outs" where the dripping plas
Page 22 and 23: Mushpot, Catacombs, Ovis, and Merri
Page 24 and 25: Waters agreed to do the cave mappin
Page 26 and 27: into the distributary in the genera
Page 28 and 29: crawled 180 ft from the Mushpot tub
Page 30 and 31: es of plaster clog its continuation
Page 32 and 33: level of the tube. The southern ent
Page 34 and 35: surface collapse and only one comer
Page 36 and 37: dead-end passages on different vert
Page 38 and 39: and a roof covered with lavacicles
Page 40 and 41: puzzles abound in the Catacombs; do
Page 42 and 43: Ovis Cave Apparently, E.L. Hopkins
Page 44 and 45: thus forms a bridge over the broken
Page 46 and 47: pit is located along the southwest
Page 48 and 49: lava tubes, and the upper parts of
Page 50 and 51: occupies the lava pool just upstrea
Page 52 and 53: underway. Collapse to the surface h
Page 54 and 55: one located just below ceiling heig
Page 56 and 57:
high, but it immediately widens to
Page 58 and 59:
low depths along fissures. Many sma
Page 60 and 61:
collapse (map 9, pl. 3). Two others
Page 62 and 63:
For a short distance below the coll
Page 64 and 65:
circle the two large downstream pil
Page 66 and 67:
where it opens into the north end o
Page 68 and 69:
water well, the cave changes marked
Page 70 and 71:
the older Schonchin Butte lava flow
Page 72 and 73:
here to the entrance, the tube is f
Page 74 and 75:
One cannot walk beneath it, as unde
Page 76 and 77:
Room-is actually a natural bridge,
Page 78 and 79:
pooled in the mouth ofthe tributary
Page 80 and 81:
perfection and cleanliness of its l
Page 82 and 83:
etween the benches. The levees are
Page 84 and 85:
tubes created a cave floor that is
Page 86 and 87:
cessive accretionary linings of lav
Page 88 and 89:
two levels were joined by a breakdo
Page 90 and 91:
ft and passes through several level
Page 92 and 93:
stream, the ceiling heights drop, t
Page 94 and 95:
Cave. Collapse rubble half fills Cr
Page 96 and 97:
heights are between 12 and 20 ft in
Page 98 and 99:
Blue Glacier Room, where continuati
Page 100 and 101:
upstream from the one noted by the
Page 102 and 103:
Red Ice Room (fig. 63), which lies
Page 104 and 105:
tation that this tube system was fe
Page 106 and 107:
sured ground now occupies nearly tw
Page 108 and 109:
The larger and more interesting cav
Page 110 and 111:
part talus was reversed. Moreover,
Page 112 and 113:
long and 300ft in maximum width. Th
Page 114:
and lunar implications: Communicati
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Lava cascade in Thunderbolt Distributary of Labyrinth Cave system

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