Watershed Achievements Report

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Statewide Watershed Achievements Report 2015 Enhanced filter media for removal of dissolved heavy metals and phosphorus from stormwater runoff The purpose of this project was to research materials that could be used in new or renovated sand filters, infiltration systems, rain gardens, and buffer strips to capture significant amounts of dissolved heavy metals, phosphorus, and nitrogen that are typically found in urban and agricultural runoff. Literature was thoroughly reviewed to document performance by existing stormwater treatment practices and investigate potential enhancements for water quantity reduction and capture of dissolved heavy metals, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Batch studies found that several enhancing agents such as commercial products and organic materials captured a substantial amount of dissolved metals; iron-based products captured a significant fraction of dissolved phosphorus; and two activated carbons were found to remove a significant fraction of nitrate from synthetic stormwater. Column studies confirmed that activated carbons removed dissolved nitrate in an upflow system with 15 minutes of contact time, but nitrate ions competed for sorption sites with other ions (e.g., carbonate). Field verification experiments were designed to determine how the treatment technology could be expected to perform in field applications. The activated carbons performed better under simulated field conditions than laboratory conditions, despite significantly shorter contact time. In addition, nitrate competition with other ions was not observed in the field verification experiments. The Thomas model can be used to estimate and represent removal of nitrate from stormwater by activated carbon. A filter containing an activated carbon from this study that is 5% of the contributing watershed area will have an estimated lifespan of between 40 and 100 storm events (rainfall depth of 5 cm (2 inch), nitrate concentration of 0.6 mg NO3-N/L). Additional research is needed to determine if this is cost-effective, or if captured nitrate can be denitrified between storm events to increase capacity and extend the lifespan of activated carbon filters for nitrate removal. Goals • Determine performance capabilities of existing stormwater treatment practices • Identify and evaluate potential enhancements to existing stormwater treatment practices that remove dissolved metals, phosphorus, and nitrogen • Establish design criteria for enhanced media filters Results that count • The Literature Review provides details on performance of existing practices. • The experiments identified and evaluated various enhancements for removing dissolved metals, phosphorus and nitrogen. • The recommendations provide design criteria necessary for sizing and estimating the performance of an enhanced media filter. Financial information Funding type: Section 319 Grant amount: $404,000 Final in-kind: $330,546 Contact information Kevin McKoskey University of Minnesota 450 McNamara Alumni Center, 200 Oak Street Minneapolis, MN 55455 612-624-5066 MPCA Project Manager: Greg Johnson The picture above shows the column experiment system used in the study to examine the performance of the treatment technology using real stormwater. This picture was taken at the St. Anthony Falls Laboratory at the University of Minnesota. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency www.pca.state.mn.us 30
Statewide Watershed Achievements Report 2015 Initiate Implementation of Minnesota’s Nutrient Reduction Strategy This third phase of the Minnesota Nutrient Reduction Strategy (strategy) focused on revising the strategy to address comments and requests from the Interagency Coordination Team (ICT). The final strategy is the product of several years of work and resulted in a statelevel nutrient reduction strategy to achieve and track meaningful and achievable progress for reducing point and nonpoint nutrient losses to waters. The questions addressed in the strategy include: 1. Goals – What are the needed levels of reductions? 2. Sources – Which nitrogen and phosphorus sources should be priorities? 3. Priority areas – What parts of the state are most critical for reductions? 4. BMPs – What level of BMP adoption is needed to achieve goals? 5. Stepping up – How can we increase BMP adoption? 6. Research – What new/improved BMPs are needed to ensure long term goals are achieved? 7. Accountability – How can we track progress in BMP adoption and water quality improvement? This project resulted in a strategy to achieve nitrogen and phosphorus decreases within Minnesota water bodies and also provide incremental benefits for the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia problem and other waters downstream of Minnesota, as well as enhance the health of aquatic life in Minnesota water bodies, and increase the recreational potential of Minnesota’s numerous lakes. Initial steps were anticipated to begin implementation of the strategy as part of this project. Goals • Support the ICT work on the Minnesota Nutrient Reduction Strategy. • Initiate Strategy implementation. Results that count • The final Nutrient Reduction Strategy was completed September 2014. • Meetings were held with the ICT to obtain input and direction on strategy implementation Financial information Funding type: Section 319 Grant amount: $37,007 Contact information Jennifer Olson Tetra Tech P.O. Box 61 Stillwater, MN 55082 651-202-7756 jennifer.olson@tetratech.com MPCA Project Manager: David Wall wq-s1-80 Cover of the 2015 Minnesota Nutrient Reduction Strategy report Minnesota Pollution Control Agency www.pca.state.mn.us 31
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Page 3 and 4: a Success Story . . . Lake Shaokata
Page 5 and 6: Cedar River Watershed and Shell Roc
Page 7 and 8: Introduction Watershed Achievements
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Watershed Achievements Report

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