50thKaikoura05 -1- Kaikoura 2005 CHARACTERISATION OF NEW ...
50thKaikoura05 -1- Kaikoura 2005 CHARACTERISATION OF NEW ...
50thKaikoura05 -1- Kaikoura 2005 CHARACTERISATION OF NEW ...
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millennial scale dating of deep-water sediments,<br />
using a non-linear age interpolation method, and<br />
facies analysis, based on minimum paleodepth data.<br />
When applied in combination, the new<br />
biostratigraphic tools provide a robust temporal and<br />
paleoenvironmental framework that enables the<br />
temporal and spatial relationships of late Miocene<br />
depositional systems to be interrogated at a level of<br />
resolution similar to seismic. Although developed<br />
for late Miocene depositional systems in Taranaki<br />
Basin, the new biostratigraphic tools can be applied<br />
to late Miocene rocks in most New Zealand<br />
sedimentary basins, and the methodologies adapted<br />
for other stratigraphic intervals.<br />
ORAL<br />
A PROBABILISTIC LANDSLIDE HAZARD<br />
MODEL FOR <strong>NEW</strong> ZEALAND<br />
G.D. Dellow 1 , M.J. McSaveney 1 ,M.W.Stirling 1<br />
& K.R. Berryman 1<br />
1 GNS Science, PO Box 30-368, Lower Hutt, New<br />
Zealand.<br />
(g.dellow*gns.cri.nz)<br />
A probabilistic landslide hazard model for New<br />
Zealand has been developed, by producing<br />
landslide-area magnitude/frequency curves.<br />
Calibrating the magnitude/ frequency curves using<br />
landslide catalogue data allows the absolute and<br />
relative frequency of landslide-areas of a stipulated<br />
magnitude or in a stipulated time interval to be<br />
determined for a selected terrain.<br />
Landslide-area data for New Zealand have been<br />
subdivided into landslide terrains based on geology,<br />
slope angle and landslide density. For each<br />
landslide terrain the landslide-area data (from an<br />
inventory of New Zealand landslides) is plotted as a<br />
magnitude/frequency curve in log/log space. The<br />
slope of the magnitude/frequency curve in log/log<br />
space approximates a straight line for the larger<br />
magnitude landslide-area data in each terrain. The<br />
slope of the magnitude/frequency curve varies for<br />
different terrains indicating that the landslide<br />
hazard varies across the different terrains. The<br />
slopes of the magnitude/frequency curves for the<br />
New Zealand landslide terrains range from 1.25 to<br />
2.94 and are similar to the range of values reported<br />
in the literature for landslide magnitude/frequency<br />
data (1.75-3.30).<br />
The magnitude/frequency curves are calibrated with<br />
respect to time using a nine-year catalogue of<br />
landslide occurrences in New Zealand. This allows<br />
the absolute landslide-area magnitude/frequency<br />
curve for each terrain to be determined. To directly<br />
compare the landslide magnitude/frequency curves<br />
in each of the terrains, we calculate the relative<br />
landslide magnitude/frequency curves by<br />
normalising terrain areas to a standard area unit of<br />
10,000 km 2 .<br />
Comparison of the relative landslide<br />
magnitude/frequency curves shows an order of<br />
magnitude difference in the rate at which landslides<br />
occur in the lowest and highest hazard terrains.<br />
The relative landslide magnitude/frequency curves<br />
determined for each terrain allow probabilistic<br />
landslide hazard maps for New Zealand to be<br />
generated. Probabilistic landslide hazard maps for<br />
New Zealand are used to show either the largest<br />
landslide that is expected to occur in a given terrain<br />
for a stipulated time interval (e.g. 100 or 475 years)<br />
or alternatively the return period for a stipulated<br />
landslide-area (e.g. 10,000 m 3 ; 100,000 m 3 or<br />
1,000,000 m 3 ).<br />
ORAL<br />
THE VOLCANOLOGY AND<br />
GEOCHEMISTRY <strong>OF</strong> THE 13.8 – 22.5 KA<br />
ROTOAIRA ERUPTIVE SEQUENCE,<br />
TONGARIRO VOLCANIC CENTRE, <strong>NEW</strong><br />
ZEALAND<br />
Louise R. Doyle 1 , Phil Shane 1 &IanNairn 2<br />
1 Department of Geology, University of Auckland<br />
2 45 Summit Road, Rotorua<br />
(l.fowler*auckland.ac.nz)<br />
This study focuses on the 13.8 – 22.5 ka Rotoaira<br />
eruptive sequence, the youngest of which is the<br />
Rotoaira Lapilli (13.8 ka). Three units make up the<br />
distal deposits of the Rotoaira eruptive sequence,<br />
Tongariro Volcanic Centre, and are bracketed by<br />
the rhyolitic 11.9 ka Waiohau and 22.5 ka Oruanui<br />
tephras. Rerewhakaaitu tephra (14.7 ka) lies<br />
between the youngest and the middle deposit of the<br />
Rotoaira sequence. All three units are separated by<br />
paleosols. Glass, mineral and whole rock<br />
geochemistry has been carried out on lapilli-sized<br />
pumices from the distal, medial and proximal<br />
deposits of the three units of the Rotoaira eruptive<br />
sequence. Each unit has a distinct geochemical<br />
composition. Glass data indicate many of the clasts<br />
are heterogeneous and each eruptive episode has a<br />
wide range in SiO2 (58-78 wt %) and K2O (1.6-4.0<br />
wt %) composition suggesting magma mingling.<br />
Disequilibrium features in thin sections are further<br />
evidence of magma mingling. Temporal variations<br />
in composition are apparent. The oldest deposit of<br />
the eruption sequence (PR1) is less evolved than<br />
the younger deposits (SiO2=62 wt %), the middle<br />
deposit (PR2) has SiO2=66 wt % and the final<br />
eruption deposit has bimodal chemistry of SiO2=64<br />
wt % and SiO2=71 wt %. Temporal variations are<br />
also evident within the youngest deposit of the<br />
eruption sequence (PR3). The oldest stratigraphic<br />
layer has SiO2=69 wt %, the middle layer has an<br />
increased SiO2 composition (SiO2=72 wt %) with a<br />
50 th <strong>Kaikoura</strong>05 -24- <strong>Kaikoura</strong> <strong>2005</strong>