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a
b
c
d
Figure 1. NTUA has got the know how to develop and characterize sensing elements for
magnetometers. 1a: Ribbon manufacturing; 1b: film manufacturing; 1c: structural characterization;
1d: magnetic properties
2.2.Electronics & packaging
The group has also acquired experience in designing electronics and packaging of the sensors (Figure
2). Although not that innovative process, the design of the electronic circuitry is a necessary step
towards the industrialization process of the sensor. Usually, we facilitate and implement the closed
loop methodology, with open loop implementation, when required.
Figure 2. Example on electronics design (in this example a voltage stabilizer is illustrated)
2.3.Characterization
The group has also got experience in calibrating magnetometers (Figure 3), in terms of designing and
developing active calibrators (2a), passive calibrators (2b) and measuring sensitivity (3c) and
uncertainty (3d).
The calibration is performed by measuring the time delay between consequent pulses in fluxgate
magnetometers and by using high frequency oscillators to monitor the delay time difference
between consequent pulses. Using bench top fluxgate principle, one can reach uncertainty better
than 1 pT, while sensitivity can reach levels as low as 10 fTHz -1 .