European Red List of Bees
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Figure 8. Distribution <strong>of</strong> endemic bees in Europe.<br />
3.3.3. Distribution <strong>of</strong> threatened species<br />
In Figure 9, the richness pattern <strong>of</strong> threatened bee<br />
species in Europe, which considered 77 threatened<br />
species, is illustrated showing the greatest concentration<br />
in south-central Europe eastwards to Crimea while large<br />
parts <strong>of</strong> southern Europe seem to have low numbers<br />
<strong>of</strong> threatened bees. This pattern is different from, and<br />
contrasts the picture <strong>of</strong> overall species diversity (Figure<br />
7) and the distribution <strong>of</strong> endemics (Figure 8). In part,<br />
this may be because there is a large number <strong>of</strong> species<br />
that have been classified as Data Deficient (1,101 bee<br />
species, 56.7% <strong>of</strong> the total <strong>European</strong> fauna, Table 3<br />
and Figure 3), <strong>of</strong> which the vast majority appear to be<br />
restricted to southern Europe and these have not been<br />
considered here. However, given that Mediterranean<br />
Europe has undergone a large-scale transformation in<br />
land use in the last few decades, it is very likely that many<br />
<strong>of</strong> the range restricted and specialised bee species there<br />
are actually threatened. Thus, Figure 9 is misleading<br />
regarding the situation in southern Europe and reveals<br />
an urgent need for further research and recording in<br />
these areas.<br />
Andrena magna (Endangered). © A.V. Fateryga.<br />
3.3.4. Distribution <strong>of</strong> Data Deficient species<br />
In Figure 10 the richness <strong>of</strong> Data Deficient species<br />
is presented and is based on the total number <strong>of</strong> Data<br />
Deficient species (1,101 species). The pattern is very<br />
similar to the map showing general bee richness<br />
(Figure 7). This illustrates the deep divide in available<br />
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