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David Thompson 1770-1857 Thompson learned from and respected Aboriginal people he met, such as the Piegan chief Saukamappee. He travelled more than 80,000 kilometres for the North West Company in the early 1800s on foot, by canoe and on horseback, mapping huge areas. His Métis wife Charlotte, and their 13 children came with him much of the way. John Rae 1813-1893 As a doctor at the HBC post in Moose Factory in what is now Ontario, Rae became interested in fur-trading and exploring the Arctic. Born in Scotland’s Orkney Islands, he learned snowshoeing, hunting, igloo-building and other skills from the Cree and Inuit. Isobel Gunn, about 1780-1861 HBC employee John Fubbister “worked at anything and well like the rest of the men.” So everyone was shocked when “John” — actually a young woman named Isobel Gunn — gave birth to a baby in a trading post at Pembina in 1807. HBC sent her and her son back home to Orkney in 1809. ? 1778 1653 1779 1653 1780 1653 1781-1782 1653 Robert Carter, Wikipedia, Library and Archives Canada Captain James Cook stops off the B.C. coast to trade for sea-otter fur with Aboriginal people English, Scottish and French- Canadian businessmen in Montreal form the North West Company to compete with HBC An English company makes the first Hudson’s Bay Company point blanket, with black stitched lines or points The terrible disease smallpox kills huge numbers of Plains Cree, who catch it from European traders Kayak #54 december 2015 9
Hudson’s Bay Company North West Company Established 1670 1779 Short form HBC, Baymen Nor’Westers Owned by Employees Base Obtained furs by Motto British merchants British; mainly Scots, many from the Orkney Islands head office in England; posts mainly located on the shores of southern Hudson Bay waiting in factories or forts for Aboriginal people to bring furs to them Pro Pelle Cutem (For the pelt, the skin) Scottish and French- Canadian merchants mostly French- Canadians head office in Montreal; posts mainly along rivers and lakes in the vast Northwest paddling out into the wilderness to trade with Aboriginal people in their home areas Perseverance! 1793 1653 1799 1653 1803 1653 1816 1653 1821 1653 The Nor’Westers control more than threequarters of fur sales HBC introduces its legendary creamy white blanket with green, red, yellow and blue stripes The Nor’Westers build Fort William on northwestern Lake Superior to replace their fort at Grand Portage, now in American territory Battle of Seven Oaks (see p. 20) The North West Company and HBC combine 10 Kayak #54 december 2015
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