PhD thesis Title Page Final _Richard Juma - Victoria University ...

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Appendix 9: Pre and Post the 2005-2006 Drought Family Herds at Morulem Village Morulem village Pre-drought Post-drought Household Cattle Goats and sheep Camels Donkeys Respondent Cattle Goats and sheep Camels Donkeys 1 8 15 0 0 1 3 8 0 0 2 30 20 3 7 2 9 9 3 2 3 4 31 1 4 3 0 17 1 1 4 4 27 1 1 4 0 18 1 0 5 15 60 3 7 5 6 25 3 4 6 3 7 5 11 6 0 2 5 5 7 9 30 0 1 7 1 17 0 0 8 14 17 0 0 8 3 7 0 0 9 5 0 0 0 9 2 0 0 0 10 8 5 0 4 10 2 1 0 0 11 16 19 0 1 11 9 10 0 0 12 8 13 9 1 12 5 4 7 0 13 4 3 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 14 22 5 6 2 14 12 2 6 0 15 8 1 2 0 15 5 0 2 0 16 4 7 0 0 16 1 2 0 0 17 8 1 0 0 17 4 0 0 0 18 7 1 1 1 18 2 0 1 0 19 13 0 1 0 19 8 0 1 0 20 5 1 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 21 4 3 0 0 21 0 1 0 0 22 24 4 6 0 22 8 1 6 0 23 7 1 0 1 23 3 0 0 0 Total 230 271 38 41 83 124 36 12 Sub-Total 580 255 281
Appendix 9 Continues Pre-drought Post-drought Goats and Goats and Household Cattle sheep Camels Donkeys Household Cattle sheep Camels Donkeys 24 3 18 1 3 24 1 7 1 1 25 19 30 3 0 25 9 7 3 0 26 4 5 0 0 26 3 1 0 0 27 7 9 1 4 27 5 2 1 1 28 8 4 1 1 28 2 0 1 0 29 10 16 2 4 29 4 5 2 2 30 11 26 6 2 30 6 12 6 1 31 3 1 0 1 31 0 0 0 0 32 5 6 0 2 32 1 0 0 0 33 15 11 4 2 33 8 5 4 0 34 6 1 0 4 34 2 0 0 1 35 9 10 2 1 35 3 3 2 0 36 1 7 0 2 36 0 1 0 0 37 5 2 0 0 37 4 0 0 0 38 11 2 1 1 38 8 0 1 1 39 8 2 1 3 39 7 0 1 1 40 24 10 5 4 40 10 2 5 1 41 8 6 0 3 41 4 0 0 2 42 2 7 0 3 42 1 2 0 0 43 4 6 0 0 43 0 2 0 0 44 10 9 1 1 44 4 1 1 0 45 18 11 5 2 45 10 3 5 0 Total 191 199 33 43 92 53 33 11 Sub-Total 466 189 282
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Turkana livelihood strategies and a
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Abstract Drought and famine in Sub-
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Acknowledgement This work was carri
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Table of contents Abstract ........
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4.7 demographic considerations ....
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CHAPTER 8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION OF
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Figure 22 Percentage loss in livest
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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Historic
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settlers and indigenous farmers. Si
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esults in increased deterioration o
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prolonged droughts as herders 3 los
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disease infection as they became vi
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Figure 1: Map of Turkana the study
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temporary assistance to impoverishe
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local patterns of adjustment to dro
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stress (Soja 1968). The ability to
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strategies 19 and achievement of su
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Therefore, the main goal of this st
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Devereux and Naeraa (1996); Hussein
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neighbours, such as the Samburu, an
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occupation of the poor (Robinson 19
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are aimed to directly reduce pressu
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1.6 Justification for the study. Th
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placed on the contribution of socia
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CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1
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2.2 Emergence of the sustainable li
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livelihood to cope with and recover
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change and development. Here, it im
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Figure 3: A framework for micro-pol
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draw when pursuing different liveli
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2.3 Symbolic interaction theory and
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egging, and the pawning of women an
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to stress, especially to rapid popu
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climate, and socio-economic conditi
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livelihood security and sustainabil
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somewhat overlooked by the liveliho
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and the degree of variations (or ho
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The reasons for choosing Morulem as
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Figure 5: Total households in each
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Sampling key informants: There was
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Library research was carried out at
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Once I had found somewhere to live
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interviews (nine days for Morulem a
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constituted changes in response to
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interviewing the Turkana pastoralis
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directly and gave me the reasons wh
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a vehicle could bring to a rural pa
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with my 3 rd wife. Obviously, it wa
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interviews and/or interviewees. The
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in reciprocal claims and social net
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to thorough analysis to eliminate a
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me for a period of two years to ass
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CHAPTER 4 THE TURKANA REGION: HISTO
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4.2 Brief historical background of
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group rapidly expanded and migrated
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Pokot. East of the Pokot and in the
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The Turkana know their environment
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July. Precipitation is somewhat cor
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Figure 7 Population projections by
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normally get access to graze their
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and Suguta. According to Norconsult
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forming a canopy forest with little
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capital, and the material culture o
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Kenya and Sudan. There are shortfal
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secondary schools, as compared to b
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the medical services and end up dea
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stock, greatly depends on the avail
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Traditionally, livestock ownership
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The importance of livestock in the
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informants, relatives, neighbours a
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to pay bridewealth (Key Informant I
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For instance, Apthorpe (1986) estab
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the same clan, and to avoid giving
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Figure 13: Married Turkana women. 9
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Informants argued that when a widow
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has made visible efforts to develop
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people overtime. It is argued here
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stems from arguments raised by hist
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the history of the Turkana, drought
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also lead to conflict with other he
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5.2.2 History of Negative Policy En
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an ideological justification for co
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mobilisation of young men into well
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the British administration in Turka
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of northern West Kenya. The colonia
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fishing (Turkana Development Annual
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The project failed due to lack of s
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Similar problems hampered other dev
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influence of irregularly - and some
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uild shelters, the satellite camps
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neighbourhoods in an area of about
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As discussed previously, the Turkan
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Figure 17: Territorial sections in
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Each age-set has distinct character
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cutting of these species of trees f
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considerable period of time. He wou
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unsustainable costs. The Turkana lo
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CHAPTER 6 THE 2005-2006 DROUGHT IMP
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drought as compared to the 1979-198
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also foot and mouth disease which a
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informants explained that camels, u
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On the defence of pastures during p
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Crude computation of the data gives
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Figure 19: Interpretation of the ca
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ebellious warriors and their genera
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partly help to explain why not many
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interviews. It represented a consen
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asking for assistance is not only a
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able to maintain a fairly steady su
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limits. In 2006, the 10 public prim
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Number of students enrolled 90 80 7
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than group solidarity. 142 However,
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Table 11: Gifts exchanged by Turkan
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iii) Gift exchanges in Turkana duri
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Another respondent narrated how he
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when to give, sell or slaughter an
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that emerged during the 2005-2006 d
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passively, but ventured out creativ
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CHAPTER 7 FACTORS THAT IMPINGE ON A
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According to Table 14, the two stud
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To appreciate the analysis in Table
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estimating global income poverty fi
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Page 250 and 251: Notes: • Households in each categ
Page 252 and 253: environment became quite marked. Ap
Page 254 and 255: Notes: I) The food sources were arr
Page 256 and 257: 7.5 Chapter summary The major focus
Page 258 and 259: strategies in one approach. How pas
Page 260 and 261: the puzzling problem with numbers.
Page 262 and 263: The sustainable livelihood model ha
Page 264 and 265: that Turkana people are passive and
Page 266 and 267: nation is usually caught unaware of
Page 268 and 269: Baker, M. J., and Lovenbury, H. T.
Page 270 and 271: Chambers, R. (1995). Poverty and Li
Page 272 and 273: Dietz, A. J., and Salih, M. A. M. (
Page 274 and 275: Goldschmidt, W. (1969). Kambuya's C
Page 276 and 277: Kabeer, N. (2000b). Resources, Agen
Page 278 and 279: McCabe, J. T. (1990). Success and F
Page 280 and 281: Pennings, J. M. E., and Smidts, A.
Page 282 and 283: Soja, E. (1968). The Geography of M
Page 284 and 285: Von Hohnel, L. (1894). Discovery of
Page 286 and 287: Appendices Appendix 1: Household Pr
Page 288 and 289: 3………………………….. 1
Page 290 and 291: Appendix 3: Key Informants Schedule
Page 292 and 293: Appendix 5: Gender and the Division
Page 294 and 295: Appendix 7: Introductory Letter fro
Page 298 and 299: Appendix 10: Pre and Post the 2005-
Page 300 and 301: 285
Page 302 and 303: 287
Page 304: 289
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