- Page 1 and 2: Turkana livelihood strategies and a
- Page 3 and 4: Abstract Drought and famine in Sub-
- Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgement This work was carri
- Page 7 and 8: Table of contents Abstract ........
- Page 9 and 10: 4.7 demographic considerations ....
- Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION OF
- Page 13: Figure 22 Percentage loss in livest
- Page 17 and 18: For instance, at the advent of colo
- Page 19 and 20: etter conserve their resources. Sen
- Page 21 and 22: 1.2 The drought problem - a concern
- Page 23 and 24: thirds of their livestock. Accordin
- Page 25 and 26: 1.2 Research problem: Critical gap
- Page 27 and 28: lade of grass anywhere, harsh and u
- Page 29 and 30: (Hendrickson, et al. 1998). By and
- Page 31 and 32: would be more sustainable and const
- Page 33 and 34: indigenous livelihood strategies de
- Page 35 and 36: argument is supported by Pottier (1
- Page 37 and 38: living in an increasingly difficult
- Page 39 and 40: In his study, Philip Salzmann (1981
- Page 41 and 42: themselves non-pastoralists like ci
- Page 43 and 44: camel-based economy. The rinderpest
- Page 45 and 46: During a ‘drought stress’ threa
- Page 47 and 48: concerning the nature and content o
- Page 49 and 50: around them, as will be illustrated
- Page 51 and 52: The sustainable livelihoods approac
- Page 53 and 54: the access to these (mediated by in
- Page 55 and 56: in order to improve standard of liv
- Page 57 and 58: understanding influences on poverty
- Page 59 and 60: 2.2.2 Explaining the sustainable li
- Page 61 and 62: weakness of the sustainable livelih
- Page 63 and 64: ange of acts in his repertoire of p
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enable them to oil reciprocal partn
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District. It is pointed out in this
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that are the most important compone
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and finally, relationships with out
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CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODS 3.1 Intr
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However, it was not possible to gen
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posses all the trappings of an emer
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Lokichar There were approximately 2
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a set of hypotheses, which data gen
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how the Turkana themselves managed
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was discussed there and then. There
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height of the drought, sacrifices w
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A household in the Turkana communit
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took between two and two and a half
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high proportion of uniform answers
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tended to change. They viewed thems
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ought in by the government. For ins
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3.11 General reflections around the
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Most people in the rural Turkana Di
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scared, or reluctant to give writte
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objectives. The chapter following i
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Section Two provides an overview of
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Dongiro (Nyangatom), and the Merill
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Kenya has not been a priority of th
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Kamorok, Kailongkol, and Laiteruk m
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Turkana is adjacent, and ecological
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I asked about the rains that had al
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contribute to the understanding of
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Soils: The soils in the Turkana Dis
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collect their water from rivers, sp
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production systems are designed to
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Women are the most negatively affec
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position in that district. The clim
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Health: The major diseases that hav
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there are 88 dependents (Republic o
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specific knowledge and skills acqui
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The livestock belong to men. They h
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this ideal number is compared with
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underestimate the number, and infor
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juridical powers and was made respo
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groups. 87 The poor have in general
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Figure 12: A dispute over bride-wea
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Apart from the explanation above, t
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een invested in new marriages. When
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CHAPTER 5 THE VULNERABILITY CONTEXT
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would wish to bring civilization [t
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5.2 Factors asserting pressure on t
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5.2.1.1 Phases of drought and effec
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prices. The poor become poorer, as
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shooting 300 “niggers” during h
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Secondly, Lamphear (1992) emphasize
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Further reports during the same per
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As explored in Chapter 1, fixed bor
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market taxes, destocking campaigns,
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5.2.2.2.2 Inappropriate government
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5.2.2.2.3 Food security measures in
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Following the failure of the above
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3) The ‘neighbourhood’ or ‘tr
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A clan’s identity is expressed by
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Stock-associates and Bond-friendshi
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Territoriality is highly transitory
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principle, territorial members have
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Respondents explained that members
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The stock group assists in paying f
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and, hence, to propagate depastoral
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It is hoped that the historical vig
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environment. But, this study focuse
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Figure 18: Livestock losses. Source
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The greatest deficit was in the num
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level. Some households were struck
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and famine could, in this respect,
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een influencing such changes. This
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Turkana, the Ngijie would always re
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on the decline. The respondents vie
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themselves before them. Moreover, a
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household food reserves. This they
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The practice in Turkana has been fo
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here that such movements could be h
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It was also noted that the lower cl
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The respondents went on to explain
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gives, the more (social) security o
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When the respondents were asked to
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just a plunge into the unknown wild
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Table 12: Location of exchange frie
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Figure 21: Bond friends’ location
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affines, friends, neighbours, and p
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Therefore, this analysis highlights
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In the methodology chapter, it was
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Table 14: Livestock losses per hous
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there is a possibility of differing
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makes the family safer in view of c
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Therefore, by analyzing the herd si
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Table16 Pre- and post-drought wealt
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deaths lost between 1-5 members eac
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Table 18 Sources of food or cash fo
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survived (Key Informant Interview 1
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CHAPTER 8: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
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that either constrain or enhance Tu
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is argued that it appears that the
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useful findings, for until now, we
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The fact that those Turkana pastora
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Bibliography Acharya, M. (1997). No
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Bonte, P. (1975). Pasteures Et Noma
- Page 271 and 272:
Davies, S. (1993). Are Coping Strat
- Page 273 and 274:
Ellis, F. (2003). Human Vulnerabili
- Page 275 and 276:
Hjort, A. (1979). Savanna Town - Ru
- Page 277 and 278:
Laughlin, C., and Brady, I. (1978).
- Page 279 and 280:
Nikola, R. (2006). Policies and Str
- Page 281 and 282:
Robinson, P. (1985). Gabra Nomadic
- Page 283 and 284:
Turkana Development Annual Report (
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World Commission on Environment and
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Appendix 2: Household Schedule 1. K
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19. Did any member of the family mi
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Appendix 4: Mutually Intelligible W
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Appendix 6: Ethics Approval: No 138
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Appendix 8: Information Sheet to Pa
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Appendix 9 Continues Pre-drought Po
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Appendix 10 Continues Pre-drought P
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286
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288