;DkfbsLo = = =

sdhf]/Lx? Aff/] ljZn]if0f ug'{ oxfF ;fGble{s
x'g]5 . ;g\ @))) b]lv @)!% ;Ddsf] nflu
;|xztfAbL ljsf; nIo egL * j6f nIox?
;+o'St /fi6« ;+3n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] lyof] . To;sf]
klxnf] nIosf ?kdf lg/k]If u/LjL / ef]sd/Lsf]
cGTo /x]sf] lyof] . ;g\ !(() ;Dddf ! c/j
() s/f]8 dflg;x? lg/k]If u/LjLsf] /]vfd'lg
/x]sf]df ;g\ @)!% ;Dd cfOk'Ubf of] ;+Vof
36]/ *# s/f]8df em/]sf] 5 . ljZjJofkL ?kdf
k|fylds lzIffsf] kx'Frdf klg ;sf/fTds
;'wf/ g} b]lvG5 . ;g\ !(() sf] bzsdf
k|fylds txdf v'b egf{ b/ *# k|ltztaf6 (!
k|ltztdf pSng ;kmn ePsf] 5 . To:t} t]>f]
nIosf] ?kdf /x]sf] n+}+lus ;dfgtf / dlxnf
z;lSts/0fsf] ;jfndf ;g\ !(() ;Dddf !))
hgf jfns dWo] &$ hgf jflnsf k|fylds
txdf egf{ x'g] uy]{ t/ cfh ;g\ @)!% df !))
hgf jfns egf{ x'Fbf !)# hgf jflnsf egf{
x'g] ub{5g\ . To;/L g} o; cjlwdf ljZjJofkL
?kdf /fHo ;+rfngsf d'Vo kbdf dlxnfx?sf]
k|ltlglwTj bf]Aa/n] a9]sf] b]lvG5 . rf}yf] nIo
lzz' d[To'b/sf] Go"gLs/0f ug]{df klg pNn]Vo
;'wf/ ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;g\ !(() df k|lt xhf/df
() hgf lzz'sf] d[To' x'g] ub{Yof] eg] xfn
Tof] 36]/ $# df em/]sf] 5 . kfFrf} nIo dft[
:jf:Yodf klg Aofks ;'wf/ g} b]lvG5 . b'O{
bzssf] cjlwdf dft[ d[To'b/ cfwfn] 36]sf]
5 eg] of] b/ blIf0f Pl;of / clk|msfdf dfq
^$ k|ltztn] 36]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t} 5}6f}F nIo
Pr\=cfO=le= P8\; / Ifo /f]usf] If]qdf klg ;'wf/
g} ePsf] dfGg' kb{5 . ;g\ @))) b]lv @)!%
;Dddf Pr\=cfO=le= ;+qmldt lj/fdLsf] ;+Vof
$) k|ltztn] 36]sf] / Ifo/f]uaf6 d[To' x'g]
/f]uLsf] ;+Vof klg $% k|ltztn] 36]sf] tYofÍn]
b]vfpF5 . To:t} ;ftf}F nIodf () k|ltzt
dflg;sf] :jR5 lkpg] kfgLdf kx'Fr /x]sf]5 .
;|x;tfAbL ljsf; nIosf] cf7f}F nIo ljZjAofkL
;xsfo{sf] ;jfndf ePsf] ;'wf/ klg ;sf/fTds
g} b]lvG5 . ;g\ @))) b]lv @)!$ ;Dddf wgL
/fi6«x?n] u/Lj /fi6«x?nfO{ lbg] cfly{s cg'bfg
Official Development Assistance df &&
k|ltztn] a9f]Q/L ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;g\ !(() sf]
bzsdf *! c/j 8n/af6 xfn pSt cg'bfg
!#%=@ c/j 8n/df a9]sf] 5 .
;Gf\ @))) b]lv @)!% ;Ddsf] cjlwdf
pNn]Vo ;'wf/ b]lvP tfklg ;d:ofx?sf] k"0f{?kn]
xn eO;s]sf] cj:yf eg] 5}g . cem} klg
ljZjdf *) s/f]8 dflg;x? lg/k]If u/LjLsf]
/]vfd'lg /x]sf5g\ . >d ahf/sf] ltg rf}yfO{
lx:;fdf k'?ifx?s} jr{:j 5 . bIf / ;Ifd
dlxnfsf] cfwf hg;ª\Vofsf] dfq >d ahf/df
kx'Fr /x]sf] 5 . cem} klg b}lgs !^ xhf/
jfnjflnsfx? % aif{ cl3 g} d[To'sf] d'vdf
k'Ug jfWo 5g\ . hnjfo' kl/jt{g t emg k|d'v
r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf
b]vfk/]sf] 5 .
oL ljifox?nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug]{ dg;fon]
g} ;+o'St /fi6« ;+3sf] &)cf}F dxf;efn] ;g\
@)!^ b]lv nfu' x'g] u/L bLuf] ljsf;sf !& j6f
nIox? / !^( j6f ;"rsx? to u/]sf]5 . bLuf]
ljsf;sf] klxnf] nIosf] ?kdf lg/k]If u/LjLsf]
lgd'{nLs/0f /x]sf] 5, h'g cfkm}Fdf r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{
xf] . To:t} bf]>f] nIodf ef]sd/Lsf] cGTo, / vfB
;'/Iff /x]sf] 5, h;sf] k|ToIf ;DaGw u/LjL;Fu
/x]sf] 5 . t]>f] nIodf ;a} pd]/ ;d"xsf] nflu
:j:Yo hLjgsf] ;'lglZrttfdf lzz' d[To b/nfO{
z'Godf emfg]{ nIo, Pr\=cfO=le= P8\; nufot
x]kf6fOl6; aL ;?jf /f]ux?af6 x'g] d[To' klg
z'Godf emfg]{ nIo cfkm}df a8f] r'gf}tLk"0f{ /
lgtfGt dfgjLo efjgfaf6 k|]l/t b]lvG5 .
Rff}yf] nIo u'0f:t/Lo lzIffdf ;a}sf]
kx'Fr /x]sf] 5, h;df k|To]s jfnjflnsfnfO{
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
11