;DkfbsLo = = =

;Nnfxsf/ M
/fh]Gb| bfxfn
hLj/fd e08f/L
;Dkfbs÷k|sfzs M
s[i0fd'/fl/ uf}td
-r6\ofª df:6/_
;x ;Dkfbs M
k|sfz uf}td
;Dkfbg ;ldlt M
e"ldbQ kf}8]n
dfl0fs /Tg zfSo
;fljqf zdf{
cho u'?ª
Joj:yfks M
;~h' yfkf du/
sDKo'6/ M
;'zLnf >]i7
;xof]uL M
lbjz
n]–cfp6 M
;"o{ a'9fyf]sL
d'b|s M
pknlAw k|sfzg ;]jf k|f= ln=
u}/Lwf/f, sf7df8f}+,
kmf]g g+= )!–$)))%@&,
Ho]i7 gful/s sfof{no M
/fdrGb| dfu{,
aQL;k'tnL,sf7df8f}+,
3/ g+= #$), kf]=a=g+= %($#,
kmf]g g+= (&&–)!–$$*%*@&,
;DkfbsLo = = =
a9\bf] j[4 hg;+Vof / o;sf] r'gf}tL
/km\tf/ ultdf al9/x]sf] a[4 hg;ª\Vof / a'9\of}nL cjlwn] k|To]s
/fi6«nfO{ r'gf}tL / cj;/ b'a} lnP/ cfPsf] 5 . vf; u/L ljsf;zLn /fi6«x?
;fd' l;dLt >f]t / ;fwgaf6 Ho]i7 gful/s ;'xfpbf] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] ljsf;
ug'{ kg]{ r'gf}tL Psflt/ 5 eg] Ho]i7 gful/sdf /x]sf] kl/kSj 1fg / ;LknfO{
a}1flgs t/Lsfn] pkof]u ug'{ kg]{ r'gf}tL csf]{ tkm{ /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn klg of]
;d:ofaf6 c5'tf] /xg] s'/} ePg . aflif{s #=% k|ltztsf b/n] al9/x]sf] Ho]i7
gful/ssf] ;ª\VofnfO{ plrt Joj:yfkg u/L logsf] hLjgnfO{ x/]s b[li6n]
;'/lIft / cfTd;Ddfgn] el/Psf] agfpg ca sDd/ s:g] a]nf cfO;s]sf] 5 .
vf; u/L ‘k9]/ hfGg]’ nfO{ dfq dxTj lbOg] g]kfnL ;dfhdf ‘k/]/ hfGg]’ x?sf]
1fg / ;Lkaf/] vf]hL u/L pd]/ ;'xfpbf] sfo{qmdx?sf] yfngL ug'{ kb{5 .
x/]s If]qdf pd]/ lje]bLs/0fn] h/f] uf8]sf] g]kfnL ;dfhdf Ho]i7 gful/s k|lt
kl/jf/, ;dfh / /fi6«n] klg ;sf/fTds ;f]r /fv]sf] kfO{+b}g . To;}n] lzIff, :jf:Yo,
kf]if0f b]lv lnP/ a9\b} uO/x]sf] zx/Ls/0f, tL zx/df aGg] 3/ klg pd]/ ;dfj]zL x'g'
clt cfjZos eO;s]sf] 5 . vf; u/L ;a} /fi6«x? aLr ;fem]bf/Lsf] ljsf; u/L
x/]s pd]/sf JolStsf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{ ub}{ ;a}n] ;Ddfghgs hLjg
AffFRg kfpg' kb{5 eGg] dg;fon] ;+o'St /fi6« ;+3n] !& j6f nIox? lgwf{/0f u/L ;g\
@)!^ b]lv @)#) ;Dd k"/f ug{ cfkm\gf ;b:o /fi6«x?nfO{ cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5 . k[YjLsf]
jftfj/0fLo kIfsf] /Iff ub}{ ;+;f/df a:g] ;a} k|f0fLsf nflu x/]s lsl;dn] eod'St
hLjgsf] ljsf; ug{ k|f]T;flxt ub}{ oL nIo k'/f ug{ g}lts bafa klg lbPsf] 5 . k[YjL,
o;df a:g] ;a} ;hLj k|f0fLsf] ;femf 3/ ePsfn] o;sf] /Iff ub}{ ;a} pd]/, zfl//Ls
cj:yf, lnª\u / hfthfltsf dflg;n] hLjgsf] cfgGb p7fpg kfpg\ eGg] kljq
efjgfaf6 k|]l/t oL nIo k'/f ug'{ klg x/]s /fi6«sf] st{Ao x'g]5 . oL nIo k|fKt ug{ /
o;af6 ;a}n] cfgGb lng] jftfj/0f agfpg g]kfn h:tf sd ljsl;t /fi6«, h;df
clxn] 7"nf] lx:;fsf] ?kdf /x]sf] / wdfwd a9L /x]sf] Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ alGrt u/L
c;Dej 5 . oxL sf/0f /fHon] h'g;'s} lsl;dsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd agfpbf Ho]i7
gful/snfO{ la;{g] xf] eg] Tof] ck'/f] x'g]5 .
To;}n] ca gofF ;+ljwfg cg';f/sf] P]g, lgodfjnL agfpFbf xf];\
jf eO/x]sf sfg"gsf] ;+zf]wg ubf{ Ho]i7 gful/ssf] ;xeflutf / pgLx?sf]
/fo, ;Nnfx lng' clt cfaZos b]lvPsf] 5 . ca ;/sf/n] c? lsl;dsf
;dfj]zLtfsf dfq s'/f u/]/ xF'b}g, b]zsf] hg;ª\Vof jgf]6df 7"nf] lx:;f
cf]u6\g] Ho]i7 gful/snfO x/]s If]qdf ;xefuL agfpg pd]/ ;dfj]zLtfnfO{
klxnf] k|fyldstfdf /fVg' kb{5 . lsgls ;a} hfthflt / lnª\usf dflg;
Ps lbg cjZo a'9fa'9L x'G5g\ . hGd kl5 d[To" zf:jt ;To eP h:t}] dflg;
cfkm\gf] hLjg k"/f afFRof] eg] a[4a[4f x'g' klg ToxL hLjgsf] csf]{ zf:jt
;To xf] .
www.ageingnepal.org, Email: ageingnep@gmail.com

;'vdo a'9\of}nL
n]v
xl/ k|;fb zdf{ 9'+u]n
;/:jtLgu/, sf7df08f}
dflg; hGdbf s'g} of]hgf lagf g} hGdG5 .
o; ;+;f/df slxn] hGdg] / s;sf] sf]vaf6 hGdg]
eGg] s'/f s;}sf] of]hgf leq kb}{g . jfNosfn
clwsf+ztM 8fx, O{iof{ / å}z lag} laT5 . w]/}nfO{
nfU5 jfNosfn dg'io hLjgsf] pQd sfn xf],
g jt{dfg g e"t g eljios} lrGtfn] lk/f]N5 .
lk/f]lnG5g\ eg] c? lk/f]lnG5g\, p cfk"m xf]Og .
Pp6f kIfaf6 x]bf{ hLjgsf] of] ;do clt pQd
;do xf] eg]/ klg dfGg] ul/G5 .
lg/Gt/ ?kn] la:tf/} la:tf/} hLjgsf]
ljsf;qmd cufl8 al9/x]sf] x'G5 . ha p o'jf x'G5,
hLjg sNkgf, ;kgf, p2]Zo / sd{sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df
3'Db5 . o'jf ca:yfaf6 k|f}9fa:yfdf kbfk{0f ubf{
g ub}{ lhDd]jf/L, pQ/bfloTj, jt{dfg / eljiosf]
lrGtfn] 3]l/;s]sf] x'G5 . o:t} rqmdf ?dlNnb}
ubf{ yfx} gkfO hLjg ?kL ;"o{ la:tf/} la:tf/}
c:tfrnlt/ nlDs ;s]sf] x'G5 . b}lgsLsf :j?k
ablnG5 . e]63f6sf qmdx? klg km]l/G5g\ . e]6\g
cfpg] dflg;x?df klg kl/jt{g cfpg yfNb5 .
dflg;n] w]/} u+eL/tf k"j{s glnPsf] xf] ls eGg]
cfefif lt/ klg dg z;+lst x'g vf]Hb5 . efOaf6
bfO, sfsf, a'af x'b} xh'/ af ;Dd k'Ubf hLjgn]
7"n} rqm 3'ld;s]sf] x'G5 .
dg'io hLjg ;a}sf] Ps} k|sf/sf] geO
km/s / ljljwtfk"0f{ x'G5 / hLjg z}nL klg
leGg leGg vfnsf] g]kfnLx?sf] ;+:sf/ eg]sf]
k'/f0fx?af6 lgb]{lzt 5 . k'/f0fsf cfVofg /
AofVofgdf a'9\of}nLsf] sxLF st} lrGtfsf] l:ytL
b]lvGg . lsgeg] afa'cfdfsf] x]/rfx /]vb]v ug]{
sfd ;Gtfgsf] st{Ao leq kb{5 / pgLx?n] a8f]
>4f / cfTdLotfsf ;fy ;]jf;'>';f ub{5g\ /
cflzjf{b k|fKt u/L cfk"mnfO{ wGo wGo ;DemG5g\ .
t/ ;don] sf]N6] km]l/;s]sf] 5 . ;+o'St kl/jf/
Psn kl/jf/df kl/0ft x'g]qmd j9bf] 5 . sltko
l:ytLdf sdfpg, k9\g ljb]z hfg] sf/0fn] ubf{ klg
a'9fa'9L PSn} a:g' kg]{ l:ytLsf] ;[hgf eO;s]sf]
5 . o; cnfjf ;Gtfgn] x]b}{ gx]g]{ / jf:t} gug]{
l:ytL klg b]lvPsf 5g\ . ljb]zdf / g]kfndf klg
cr]n a[4f>dx?df a:g] / /fVg] rng rln;s]sf]
5 . hxfF cfkm\gf x}l;ot cg';f/sf] a:g] ;'lawf
k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . rfx] b]zdf xf]; jf ljb]zdf
o; vfn] a[4f>dsf y'k|} c;+ult / lj;+ult
;'lgG5g\ . hlt g} ;'lawf ePklg kfl/jfl/s
jftfj/0fsf] k|]dk"j{ssf] a;fOF{ / ;–;fgf gflt
lxhf] 7"nf] kl/>d, d]xgt / ;'ema'emsf
;fy sfo{ u¥of], pknAwL xfl;n u¥of],
5f]/f5f]/L nfO ;Ifd agfof] t/ cfh
p lg/Lx eP/ bogLo b[li6n] ;xof]usf]
ck]Iff /flv qf;k"0f{ ?kdf cfkm\gf
cfFvfx? 3'dfPsf] b[Zo lgZro klg
Xboljbf/s / si6;fWo cg'e"t x'G5 .
4 Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

{
gfltgf;+u /dfOnf]df ?dlnP/ cfk"m afNosfndf
kms]{sf] cg'e"lt cGt sxfF kfpg ;lsG5 / <
log} kl/l:yltsf] aLrdf clxn]sf] a'9\of}nL
s;/L v'zL ;fy latfpg ;lsG5 eGg] uxg rrf{
kl/rrf{sf] laifo ePsf] 5 . lxhf]] 7"nf] kl/>d,
d]xgt / ;'ema'emsf ;fy sfo{ u¥of], pknAwL xfl;n
u¥of], 5f]/f5f]/L nfO ;Ifd agfof] t/ cfh p lg/Lx
eP/ bogLo b[li6n] ;xof]usf] ck]Iff /flv qf;k"0f{
?kdf cfkm\gf cfFvfx? 3'dfPsf] b[Zo lgZro klg
Åboljbf/s / si6;fWo cg'e"t x'G5 . a'9];sfn
hLjgsf] zfZjt ;To xf]] o;nfO s;/L ;xhtf ;fy
latfpg] eGg] s'/f cfkm}Fn] k|of; / cEof; u/]/ k|fKt
ug]{ s'/f xf] . elgG5, dflg;n] csf{sf] cg's/0f ug'
7Ls x}g lsgeg] x/]s dflg;sf] JolStut u'0f, wd{,
k|s[lt cflbdf km/s 5g\ tf klg df]6fdf]6L ?kdf s]xL
o:tf kIfx? 5g\ h;sf] cg';/0f u/]df afFsL hLjg
/fd|f];Fu latfpg lgZro klg ;xof]u k'Ub5 . hLjg
Pp6f ofqf xf] . pbfx/0fsf nflu xfdL Pp6f /]n
ofqfnfO lng ;St5f} F . h'g ;do ofq' /]ndf r9\5,
p;nfO s'g :6];gdf cf]n{g] eGg] s'/f yfxf x'G5 .
ha cfk"m cf]n{g] :6];g glhs cfp5, ofq'n] cfkm\gf
;fdfgx? ;d]6\g nfU5 / :6];g cfPkl5 of] ;km/sf
;xofqL ;+u labf eP/ cf]n{G5 . a'9];sfnsf] cy{ g}
ca ofqfsf] clGtd r/0fdf cfO{ k'Ug nfluof] eGg]
xf] . o;sf] tof/Lsf nflu cfWoflTds lrGtg / dgg
lgtfGt cfjZos 5 . a'em\g' kg]{ s'/f s'g} klg sfd
ubf{ To; k|lt cfk"mn] /fVg] stf{efj xf] cyf{t\ of]
sfo{sf] k|f/De / o; sfo{af6 lglZrt kmn lgsfNg]
d} x'F eGg] efj g} stf{efj xf] . oxL efjn], ;f]rn]
/ b[li6sf]0fn] dfgj hLjgnfO{ si6s/ tyf b'Mvdo
agfpb5 . h'g If0f dlg;n] …sd{0o] jf lwsf/:t] df
kmn];' sbfrg+Ú sf] uLtfsf] efjnfO{ cfTd;ft ub{5,
p;n] af]s]sf] ux|f}+ efl/ xn'sf x'G5 . s'g} sfo{sf] kmn
d}n] ;f]r] cg';f/ g} k|fKt x'G5 eGg] ;f]r g} b'vsf]
sf/s tTj xf] . kmnsf] cfz gu/L b[9 lgZrosf ;fy
sd{df s]Gb|Lt x'Fbf b'Mv, lrGtf / kL8fsf] efj cfpg
kfpb}g .
hLjgsf x/]s cj:yf cfkm\g} 9+un] laT5 .
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
5

jfNosfn v]ns'b ub}{ hfG5, o'jfj:yf /dfOnf]
/ k9fOdf, k|f}9fj:yf cfh{g / 3/ Aoaxf/ wfGg,
jt{dfg / eljiosf] lrGtfdf laT5 . dxlif{ jlzi7n]
eujfg /fdnfO sd{ / k|f/Aw -efUo_ sf] ljj]rgf
ub}{ efUo eGbf sd{ g} alnof] xf] eGg] s'/f …of]u
jflzi7Ú df k|ltkfbg ug'{ ePsf]5 . o;} ;Gbe{df
o; hGddf u/]sf] c;n sfo{sf ;fy} cfWoflTds
lrGtg dgg\n] csf]{ hGddf 7"nf] ;xof]u x'g] s'/f
pNn]v 5 . cfWoflTds lrGtg / dggn] dgnfO
zfGt ug{ 7"nf] d2t ub{5 . dg zfGt eO{ ;s]kl5
dgsf efjx? qmdzM x/fpb} hfG5g\ / …ci6fjqm
dxfuLtfÚ df eg] h:tf] …Psf] ljz'4 jf]wf] xldlt
lglZro alGxgf, k|HjfNof 1fguxg+ jLt zf]sM ;'vL
ejÚ cyf{t\, d ;a} k|sf/sf lasf/x?af6 k/ Ps
dfq 1fg ?k x'F, o:tf] lgiro u/L lgZro?kL
cfuf]df c1fgsf] uxg / ljzfn h+unnfO 89fP/
-eid u/]/_ ;a} k|sf/sf] zf]saf6 d'St eP/
;'vL xf}F .
dflg; b'MvL x'g'df k|d'v sf/s tTj dgsf]
efj xf] . efj g} ;'v b'Mvsf] sf/0f xf] . To;sf/0f
hLjgsf ljleGg sfn v08df u/fF} eg]/ ug{
gEofPsf s'/fx?, hfpF eGbf klg k'm;{b geP/
hfg g;s]sf 7fpFx?, k9fF} eg]/ k9\g gkfPsf
/ gEofPsf lstfax? oxL ;dodf k9\g] xf] /
oxL ;dodf e|d0f ug]{ xf] . sd ;] sd aif{df
Ps k6s s'g} gofF 7fpsf] e|d0f cjZo ug]{ xf] .
e|d0f eGg] lalQs} vlr{nf] 7fpFsf] ofqf ug'{ kb{5
eGg] 5}g . cfkm\gf] ;fdYo{n] h] h:tf] EofpF5 ToxL
cg';f/sf] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsG5 . o;n] z/L/df
:k'mlt{ / dgdf zflGtsf] efj cfp5 . o;sf ;fy}
cfk'm;Fu s'/f ldNg] ;dao:s jf c? s'g} ;d"x
jf JolStx?;Fu ljljw laifo a:t'x?df ;do
;dodf 5nkmndf efu lng' klg /dfOnf] x'G5 .
elgG5, efUojfg dflg;x?sf a'9];sfn ;Dd klg
hf]8L ;xL ;nfdt /xG5g\ . h;sf hf]8L;Fu} 5g\
pgLx?n] klg obfsbf s]xL ;dosf nflu 5'§f5'§}
sfo{qmdx?df ;xeflu eP/ s]xL ;dosf] cGt/fndf
e]6 x'Fbf emg} /dfOnf] x'G5 . ;a} eGbf k|d'v kIf
JolStsf] :jf:YonfO klxnf] k|fyldstfdf /fVg'
kb{5 . /fd|f] :jf:Yosf nflu Wofg lbg' kg]{ vfgkfg
xf] . lha|f]sf] :jfbsf nflu z/L/nfO gf]S;fg x'g]
sfd ug'{ x'b}g . hLjgsf] of] uf]/]6f] ;Dd cfOk'Ubf
cfkm\gf] z/L/nfO s] cg's'n x'G5 jf s] x'b}g eGg]
s'/f yfxf eO;s]sf] x'G5 . To;sf/0f o;nfO
Wofgdf /fv]/ vfgkfg ug{ ;s]df /f]u / la;Grf]
x'gaf6 w]/} xb;Dd hf]lug ;lsG5 . ;':jf:Yosf
nflu Aofofd klg clgafo{ kIf xf] . Aofofd eGg]
lalQs} s8f / sl7g Aofofd ug'{ kb{5 eGg] xf]Og .
of]ufEof;, Wofg, ;/n zfl//Ls Aofofd k|ftsflng
;dodf ubf{ ;':jf:Yo / :k'mtL{ sfod ug{ 7"nf]
;xof]u ldN5 .
;s];Dd cfkm\gf] sfd cfkm}Fn] ug]{ afgL
a;fNg' /fd|f] x'G5 . lxhf] sfo{ Ao:ttfn] ubf{ sltko
sfdx?df c?sf] ;xof]u cfjZos lyof] eg] cfh
cfkm}Fn] ug'{ /fd|f] xf] . cf}iflw vfg], n'ufdf cfO/g
ug]{, jfy?d ;kmf ug]{, Eofs'd nufpg], au}Frf jf
3/ cfFugsf] x]/rfx ug]{ sfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 . o;
cltl/St pd]/sf lx;fan] s'g} lsl;dsf cfly{s
pkfh{g ug]{ sfd klg ug{ ;lsG5 eg] Tof] klg ug]{ .
s]xL lbg kl5 cfkm}Fn] km/s cg'ej ug{ ;lsG5 .
o; k|sf/sf] hLjg z}nLdf g s'g} lg/fzf x'G5, g
j]r}gL g k5'tf] . 5 t s]jn cfgGb . hLjgsf] o;
ofqfdf slxNo} klg lg/fzf jf ;do ;lsof] eg]/
k6Ss} ;f]Rg x'b}g . p;sf] s[kfn] of] hLjg ofqfdf
oxfF ;Dd cfOof] ca afFsL hLjg klg /fd|f];Fu
laT5 eGg] wf/0ff /fVg' kb{5 . ;w}F gofF s'/fx? l;Sb}
/ gofF kl/j]zsf laifo a:t'x?;Fu klg b|i6fefjn]
rfv /fVg' plrt x'G5 . cGTodf /fi6«slj dfwj
k|;fb l3ld/]sf oL k+ltx?n] hLjgsf] oyfy{nfO
/fd|};+u k|:6\ofPsf] 5 .
of] lhGbuL hlt a'em] klg a'em\g afFsL .
dgsf s'/f hlt ;'em] klg ;'em\g afFsL .. •
6 Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

syf
kfsfsf] cg'ej
/
sfFrfsf] pT;fx
snflglw bfxfn
l;l4u0f]z, pRr df=lj=,
;f]x|v'§], ksgfhf]n
‘xh'/ af d cfPF’ c+z' ;/f;/ sn]haf6
cfP/ emf]nf klg g/fvL xh'/ afsf] sf]7fdf hfG5 .
p;sf c+h'nLj4 xftdf cfkm\gf] lgwf/ /flvlbG5g\ .
b'a} xft dGb d':sfgsf ;fy t];f{pF5 . xh'/ af
cfkm\gf bfofF xftn] c+z'sf] lz/ d';fb}{ eG5g\ - ‘s]
5 t]/f] xfn va/ < s] k9]/ cfO;\ cfh [ª\uf/k6f/ ug]{ ;Dd ca:yfsf nflu wg
rflxG5 . To; eGbf a9L wg ;ª\sngn] dfG5]nfO
lauf5{ afa' ! OR5f a9fpF5 . OR5fsf klg b'O6f ?k
– rflxg] / grflxg] cyf{t\ c;n / v/fa x'G5g\ .
c;n OR5f hlGdof] eg] t p;n] ev{/} cfk"m;Fu
gofF k':tf;+u 8f]l/g] r]tgf
gePsfn] ltgsf s'/f ltdLx?
;'Gb}gf}, ltdLx?sf s'/f pgLx?
a'em\b}gg\ . oxLaf6 ;'? x'G5 –
7fSs7'Ss ª\of/{ª'/{ .
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
7

cfPsf] ;DklQ cfk"m eGbf sdhf]/ ju{df vr{G5
jf cgfyfno lgdf{0f u/]/ czQmnfO cfwf/ lbG5
c1fgLnfO{ 1fg, lg/If/nfO lzIff lbG5-;fIf/nfO
r]tgf . o:tf dflg;x? ;dfhsf dfu{bz{s x'G5g\ .
wg, o; OR5fsf nflu cfjZos cfh{g xf] .Ú
…clg csf]{

dgl:yltsf eP . ;f}t]gL emu8fn] cleefjsd}
3/ leq} df/fdf/, kL6fkL6 . o:tf b[Zo ;w}
b]v] kl5 / vfg nfpg ;d]t gkfP kl5 / ;w}
cleefjssf] lk6fO vfP kl5 eg\ t tL slnnf
afn dl:tisdf s:tf] ljrf/ hGdG5 < To;s}
kl/0ffd xf] 3/ ;'g;fg /x]/ ;8s el/g' . o;df
o'jfx?sf] c? g} s?0f sxfgL n's]sf] 5 .’ csf]{
jfSo z'? x'g gkfpb} aLrd} /f]s]/ c+z' k|Zg
u5{ -‘s] xf]nf xh'/ af s?0f sxfgL

ljZj kl/j]z
bLuf] ljsf; nIosf
r'gf}tL / ;Defjgf
cho u'?·
;+o'St /fi6« ;+3sf] &)cf}F dxf;efn]
;]K6]Dj/ @$, @)!% df bLuf] ljsf;sf !& j6f
dxTjfsf+IfL nIox? lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . o;
;Gbe{df cfkm\gf ;b:o /fi6«x?n] oL nIox?
k|flKtsf] nflu o;} cg';f/sf cfkm\gf /fli6«o gLlt
tyf sfo{s|dx? th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{
g}lts lhDd]jf/L x'g]5 .
;g\ @)!% b]lv @)#) ;Ddsf nflu to
ul/Psf oL nIox? dWo] u/LjLsf x/]s ?ksf]
cGTo ug'{ o;sf] klxnf] nIo /x]sf] 5 . To;/L
g} u/LjL;Fu} hf]l8P/ cfpg] ef]sd/Lsf] cGTo
bf]>f] nIosf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . To:t} :j:Yo
hLjg, u'0f:t/Lo lzIff, n}+lus ;dfgtf, :jR5
kfgLsf] pknAwtf qmdz: t]>f], rf}yf], kfFrf}
/ 5}6f}F nIosf] ?kdf to ul/Psf] 5 . To;}
u/L gjLs/0fLo phf{, bLuf] cfly{s ljsf;,
bLuf] cf}Bf]lus/0f, /fi6«–/fi6« jLrsf] c;dfgtf
Go"gLs/0f, bLuf] tyf ;'/lIft a;f]af;, bLuf]
pkef]u tyf pTkfbg k|lqmofsf] ljsf; o;sf
;ftfF}, cf7f}F, gjf}F, bzf}F, P3f/f}F / afx|fF} nIox?
/x]sf5g\ . hnjfo' kl/jt{g, hnf;o tyf hnr/
k|f0fLx?sf] ;+/If0f, d?e"lds/0f tyf h}ljs
ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g, Gofok"0f{ ;dfhsf]
lgdf{0f o;sf t]x|fF}, rf}wfF}, kGw|f}F / ;f]x|fF}
nIox? x'g\ .
oL ;a} nIox? k|flKtsf lglDt
ljZjAofkL ?kdf xft]dfnf] ug'{ bLuf] ljsf;sf]
;qf}F nIo /x]sf] 5 . pNn]lvt nIox? Vff;
u/L u/LjL, c;dfgtf / hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf
s]lGb|t b]lvG5g\ . logsf] af/]df lj:t[t 5nkmn
ug'{ cl3 ;|xztfAbL ljsf; nIosf] k|fKtL /
10 Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

sdhf]/Lx? Aff/] ljZn]if0f ug'{ oxfF ;fGble{s
x'g]5 . ;g\ @))) b]lv @)!% ;Ddsf] nflu
;|xztfAbL ljsf; nIo egL * j6f nIox?
;+o'St /fi6« ;+3n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] lyof] . To;sf]
klxnf] nIosf ?kdf lg/k]If u/LjL / ef]sd/Lsf]
cGTo /x]sf] lyof] . ;g\ !(() ;Dddf ! c/j
() s/f]8 dflg;x? lg/k]If u/LjLsf] /]vfd'lg
/x]sf]df ;g\ @)!% ;Dd cfOk'Ubf of] ;+Vof
36]/ *# s/f]8df em/]sf] 5 . ljZjJofkL ?kdf
k|fylds lzIffsf] kx'Frdf klg ;sf/fTds
;'wf/ g} b]lvG5 . ;g\ !(() sf] bzsdf
k|fylds txdf v'b egf{ b/ *# k|ltztaf6 (!
k|ltztdf pSng ;kmn ePsf] 5 . To:t} t]>f]
nIosf] ?kdf /x]sf] n+}+lus ;dfgtf / dlxnf
z;lSts/0fsf] ;jfndf ;g\ !(() ;Dddf !))
hgf jfns dWo] &$ hgf jflnsf k|fylds
txdf egf{ x'g] uy]{ t/ cfh ;g\ @)!% df !))
hgf jfns egf{ x'Fbf !)# hgf jflnsf egf{
x'g] ub{5g\ . To;/L g} o; cjlwdf ljZjJofkL
?kdf /fHo ;+rfngsf d'Vo kbdf dlxnfx?sf]
k|ltlglwTj bf]Aa/n] a9]sf] b]lvG5 . rf}yf] nIo
lzz' d[To'b/sf] Go"gLs/0f ug]{df klg pNn]Vo
;'wf/ ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;g\ !(() df k|lt xhf/df
() hgf lzz'sf] d[To' x'g] ub{Yof] eg] xfn
Tof] 36]/ $# df em/]sf] 5 . kfFrf} nIo dft[
:jf:Yodf klg Aofks ;'wf/ g} b]lvG5 . b'O{
bzssf] cjlwdf dft[ d[To'b/ cfwfn] 36]sf]
5 eg] of] b/ blIf0f Pl;of / clk|msfdf dfq
^$ k|ltztn] 36]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t} 5}6f}F nIo
Pr\=cfO=le= P8\; / Ifo /f]usf] If]qdf klg ;'wf/
g} ePsf] dfGg' kb{5 . ;g\ @))) b]lv @)!%
;Dddf Pr\=cfO=le= ;+qmldt lj/fdLsf] ;+Vof
$) k|ltztn] 36]sf] / Ifo/f]uaf6 d[To' x'g]
/f]uLsf] ;+Vof klg $% k|ltztn] 36]sf] tYofÍn]
b]vfpF5 . To:t} ;ftf}F nIodf () k|ltzt
dflg;sf] :jR5 lkpg] kfgLdf kx'Fr /x]sf]5 .
;|x;tfAbL ljsf; nIosf] cf7f}F nIo ljZjAofkL
;xsfo{sf] ;jfndf ePsf] ;'wf/ klg ;sf/fTds
g} b]lvG5 . ;g\ @))) b]lv @)!$ ;Dddf wgL
/fi6«x?n] u/Lj /fi6«x?nfO{ lbg] cfly{s cg'bfg
Official Development Assistance df &&
k|ltztn] a9f]Q/L ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;g\ !(() sf]
bzsdf *! c/j 8n/af6 xfn pSt cg'bfg
!#%=@ c/j 8n/df a9]sf] 5 .
;Gf\ @))) b]lv @)!% ;Ddsf] cjlwdf
pNn]Vo ;'wf/ b]lvP tfklg ;d:ofx?sf] k"0f{?kn]
xn eO;s]sf] cj:yf eg] 5}g . cem} klg
ljZjdf *) s/f]8 dflg;x? lg/k]If u/LjLsf]
/]vfd'lg /x]sf5g\ . >d ahf/sf] ltg rf}yfO{
lx:;fdf k'?ifx?s} jr{:j 5 . bIf / ;Ifd
dlxnfsf] cfwf hg;ª\Vofsf] dfq >d ahf/df
kx'Fr /x]sf] 5 . cem} klg b}lgs !^ xhf/
jfnjflnsfx? % aif{ cl3 g} d[To'sf] d'vdf
k'Ug jfWo 5g\ . hnjfo' kl/jt{g t emg k|d'v
r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf
b]vfk/]sf] 5 .
oL ljifox?nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug]{ dg;fon]
g} ;+o'St /fi6« ;+3sf] &)cf}F dxf;efn] ;g\
@)!^ b]lv nfu' x'g] u/L bLuf] ljsf;sf !& j6f
nIox? / !^( j6f ;"rsx? to u/]sf]5 . bLuf]
ljsf;sf] klxnf] nIosf] ?kdf lg/k]If u/LjLsf]
lgd'{nLs/0f /x]sf] 5, h'g cfkm}Fdf r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{
xf] . To:t} bf]>f] nIodf ef]sd/Lsf] cGTo, / vfB
;'/Iff /x]sf] 5, h;sf] k|ToIf ;DaGw u/LjL;Fu
/x]sf] 5 . t]>f] nIodf ;a} pd]/ ;d"xsf] nflu
:j:Yo hLjgsf] ;'lglZrttfdf lzz' d[To b/nfO{
z'Godf emfg]{ nIo, Pr\=cfO=le= P8\; nufot
x]kf6fOl6; aL ;?jf /f]ux?af6 x'g] d[To' klg
z'Godf emfg]{ nIo cfkm}df a8f] r'gf}tLk"0f{ /
lgtfGt dfgjLo efjgfaf6 k|]l/t b]lvG5 .
Rff}yf] nIo u'0f:t/Lo lzIffdf ;a}sf]
kx'Fr /x]sf] 5, h;df k|To]s jfnjflnsfnfO{
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
11

lg:z'Ns dfWolds txsf] lzIff k|bfg ug'{ /x]sf]
5 . kfFrf} nIosf] ?kdf n}+lus ;dfgtf / dlxnf
;zlSts/0fdf dlxnf lj?4 x'g] ;a} lsl;dsf
lje]bsf] cGTo tyf ;dfhsf] x/]s tx / tKsfdf
dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{ /x]sf] 5 .
5}6f}F nIosf] ?kdf ;a}sf] nflu :jR5 kfgL /
;/;kmfO{df bLuf] Joj:yfkg /x]sf] 5 . ;ftf}
nIodf ;a}nfO{ e/ kbf]{ cfw'lgs OGwg zlStsf]
kx'Fr /x]sf] 5 . a9\bf] hg;ª\Vof / v'Drbf]
>f]t ;fwgsf] cj:yfdf of] nIo k|flKt klg
Tolt ;xh eg] b]lvb}g . bLuf] ljsf;sf] cf7f}F
nIodf ;dfj]zL bLuf] cfly{s ljsf; tyf ;a}sf]
nflu /f]huf/ k|jGw ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu
cljsl;t /fi6«x?sf] s"n u|fx:y pTkfbgdf &
k|ltztn] a[l4 ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 .
To:t} gjf} nIodf ;dfj]zL tyf bLuf]
cf}Bf]lus/0fsf] k|jå{g ug'{ /x]sf] 5, h;sf]
;DaGw cfly{s ljsf; ;+u} /x]sf] x'G5 . bzf}+
nIosf] ?kdf /x]sf] /fi6« /fi6« jLrsf] c;dfgtf
Go"gLs/0f ;'Gbf hlt s0f{lk|o nfUb5 Jojxf/df
of] nIo k|fKt ug{ kmnfdsf] Ro"/f rkfP ;/L
g} d'l:sn b]lvG5 . ;DkGg / ljkGg b]zx?sf]
jLr vf8n emg a9\bf] 5 . P3f/fF} nIosf] ?kdf
/x]sf] ;'/lIft / bLuf] zx/Ls/0fsf] r'gf}tL eg]s}
a9\bf] zx/Ls/0f / o;df ylkbf] hg;ª\Vof /x]sf]
5 . bLuf] pkef]u / pTkfbg k|lqmofsf] ljsf;
afx|fF} nIosf] ?kdf to ul/Psf] 5 . k|fs[lts
>f]t ;fwgx?sf] ck|fs[lts ?kdf ul/g] bf]xgsf]
sf/0fn] ubf{ of] nIo k|fKt ug{ klg sl7g}
b]lvG5 . bLuf] ljsf;sf] t]x|fF} nIodf hnjfo'
kl/jt{gsf gsf/fTds c;/x?nfO{ /f]Sg oyfzSo
rfF8f] sbd rfNg' /x]sf] 5 . To;sf lglDt
ljsl;t /fi6«x?af6 ;+o'St ?kdf cljsl;t
/fi6«x?df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] /f]syfdsf] lgldQ
aflif{s ! v/j 8n/ xl/t hnjfo' sf]if -Green
Climate Fund_ sf] ?kdf ;+rfng ug]{ lg0f{o
ePsf] 5 . ljsl;t /fi6«x?n] cfk"mn] jfrf u/]sf]
ODA klg ;dodf lbg cfgfsfgL ul//x]sf]
kl/k|]Ifdf To; kl/df0fsf] 7"nf] /sd of]ubfg
ul/xfNnfg\ eg]/ ljZj:t x'g ;Sg] cj:yf eg]
b]lvb}g . rf}wf}F nIosf] ?kdf ;d'b|, dxf;fu/
nufot hnf;o tyf hnr/ k|f0fLsf] ;+/If0f ug'{
klg hnjfo' kl/jt{g;+u} hf]l8P/ cfpg] d'2f xf] .
t]x|fF} nIodf /x]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] d'2fnfO{
;xL 9+un] ;Djf]wg ug{ ;lsPdf rf}wf}F / kGw|f}F
nIo k|fKtLdf vf;} ;d:of b]lvb}g . ;f]x|f}F nIosf]
?kdf /x]sf] zflGtk"0f{ ;dfh tyf Gofodf ;a}sf]
kx'Frsf] ;'lglZrttf /x]sf] 5 .
bLuf] ljsf;sf pNn]lvt nIox? Kf|fKt
ePdf ;f]x|fF} nIo :jt: k|fKt x'G5 eGbf
clto"lSt gxf]nf . lsgeg] u/LjLsf] cGTo,
ef]sd/Lsf] cGTo, n}+lus c;dfgtfsf] cGTo,
u'0f:t/Lo lzIffdf ;a}sf] kx'Fr, :jf:Yodf
kx'Fr, cfly{s ljsf; eO ;dfhdf ;a}
lsl;dsf lje]b x6]kl5 Gofok"0f{ ;dfhsf]
kl/sNkgf ;fsf/ gx'g] s'/} cfpb}g . bLuf]
ljsf;sf] ;qfF} tyf clGtd nIo bLuf]
ljsf;sf lglDt ljZjJofkL ;xsfo{sf] ljsf;
/x]sf] 5 . o; nIo k|fKtLsf lgldQ ;DkGg
d'n'sx?n] ljkGg d'n'sx?nfO{ sa'n u/]sf] s"n
/fli6«o cfDbfgLsf] )=& k|ltzt ODA pknJw
u/fpg h?/L x'G5 eg] ljkGg d'n'sx?n] pSt
/sdsf] ;xL ;b'kof]u ug}{ kg]{ x'G5 .
bLuf] ljsf;sf pNn]lvt ;q j6f nIox?
Jff:tjd} dxTjsf+IfL / r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5g\ . oL
nIox? k|fKt ug{sf lgldQ k|To]s /fi6«n] cfkm\gf]
/fli6«o gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? ;f]xL cg'?k
kl/dfh{g u/L tLgsf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog
ub}{ logLx?sf] cfjlws ?kdf cg'udg / d"NofÍg
ug]{ ;+oGq ljsf; ug{ ;s]df /fi6« /fi6« aGb}
;g\ @)#) ;Dddf ;'Gb/ ljZj lgdf{0f x'g ;Sg]
;DefjgfnfO{ gsfg{ ;lsb}g . •
12 Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

hLjgz}nL
vf];f{gLaf/Lsf df]xg af
hgfb{g l3ld/]
janardanghimire@live.com
sfu]Zj/L dgx/f gu/kflnsf j8f g+=
!! vf];f{gLaf/Lsf] rfFksf] ?vsf] rf}tf/L To;
jl/kl/sf s]6fs]6L b]lv a'9fa'9L ;Dd ;a}sf] nflu
k'm;{bdf ;do sf6\g] 7fpF ag]sf] 5 . c?x?sf] nflu
ToxfF cfpg] s'g} lglZrt ;do geP klg ljz]if
kl/l:yltdf afx]s lbpF;f] s/La !@ ah] b]lv $ ah]
;Dd lgoldt ?kdf Pp6f cg'xf/ eg] ;w}+ b]lvG5 .
x]bf{ &) — &@ aif{sf nfUg] pgL ljleGg pd]/
;d"xsfx? ;Fu slxn] ulkmO/x]sf x'G5g\ eg] slxn]
;'emfj ;Nnfx lbO/x]sf t slxn] cfkm\gf] hdfgfsf
s'/fx? eGb} ljutsf cg'ej tyf ef]ufOx? jvfg
ul//x]sf . s'g} klg laifodf /f}l;P/ s'/f ug]{ pgsf]
pd]/ eg] b]lvg] eGbf lgs} a9L 5 . tLg 5f]/f, 5
gfltgfltgf / b'O kgflt ;d]t eO;s]sf df]xg k|;fb
rfkfufO{+ cfkm\gf] hGd la=;+= !(*( efb| !^ ut]
ePsf] atfp5g\ .
!! aif{sf] pd]/df klxnf] ljjfx ePsf] & aif{
kl5 @))& h]i7df >LdtLsf] b]xfj;fg ePkl5 ;f]xL
aif{ kmfu'gdf pgsf] bf]>f] ljjfx ePsf] lyof] . tLg
5f]/f dWo] h]7f] 5f]/f an/fd;Fu a:b} cfPsf] pgL
xfn ;Dd cfk"mnfO s'g} klg :yfoL /f]u gePsf]
atfpb5g\ . x/]s lbg laxfg rf/ b]lv $M#) sf]
jLraf6 pgsf] b}lgsL z'? x'G5 . lgTo :gfg kl5
c9fO b]lv # 306f pgL k"hfdf latfp5g\ . !) ah]
leq vfgf vfO;s]kl5 eg] pgnfO ! 306f g;'tL
x'b}g . p7]kl5 eg] pgsf] uGtAo ToxLF rfFksf]
?vsf] rf}tf/f] x'g] ub{5 . ToxL a;]/ pgL ufpF6f]ndf
x'g] ;fdflhs tyf wfld{s sfo{sf] nflu ;'emfj
;Nnfx lbO/x]sf x'G5g\ eg] slxn]sfxL ;8s, gfnf
cflb h:tf ljsf; lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] :yndf uP/
klg cfkm\gf] larf/ lbO/x]sf e]l6G5g\ . w]/} ;do
rf}tf/f]df latfpbf laleGg dflg;x? ;+u e]63f6
x'g] ePsf]n] w]/}lsl;dsf hfgsf/Lx? pgL;+u
/xG5 . 6f]n l5d]sdf s]xL k¥of] eg] c? eGbf
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
13

{
;/n / ;sf/fTds ;f]r ePsf]
dflg;nfO{ ;a}n] vf]Hg] ePsfn] p ;w}F
;lqmo /xG5 h;n] ubf{ zfl//Ls /
dfgl;s lx;fan] klg p :j:y /xG5
eGg] s'/fsf] To; If]qsf dflg;x?sf]
nflu pbfx/0f ag]sf5g\ pgL . pxfFsf]
hLjg x]bf{ afFRg hfGg] xf] .
klxn] g} pgL Toxf k'lu;s]sf x'G5g\ . rf}tf/f] ;Fu}
pgsf] ;d]t ;lqmotfdf :yfkgf eO{ ;+rfngdf
/x]sf] t]h ljgfos h]i7 gful/s ;dfhsf] ejg 5,
h;df pgnfO ;lrjsf] lhDd]jf/L lbO{Psf] 5 . x/]s
dlxgfsf] tLg ut] pgLx?sf] ;dfhsf] a}7s a:g]
ub{5 h;df pgLx?n] !)) ?k}ofF dfl;s art ug]
u/]sf 5g\ / cfjZos kg] {nfO C0f lbg] ub{5g\ .
!* ;fndf ;/sf/L hflu/df k|j]z u/]sf pgn]
3/fo;L sf/0fn] @& ;fndf hflu/af6 /flhgfdf
lbPsf lyP . pgL ;DemG5g\ Tolta]nf $)–$%
?lkofF tnj a'em\bf klg k|z:t x'GYof] . clxn]sf]
h:tf] ;a} s'/fsf] nflu k};f vlr{g' kb}{gYof] .
bfp/fdf vfgf aGYof] . clxn] Uof; lsGg' k5{,
oftfoft klg zx/df dfq rNg] x'bf lx8]/}
uOGYof], 6]lnkmf]gsf] vr{ lyPg, 5f]/fx? k9fpbf
klg ;/sf/L :s'n dfq ePsf]n] vf;} vr{ k/]g .
n'uffkmf6f]df klg vf;} vr{ kb}{gYof], h'Qf nufpg]
dflg; zx/lt/ dfq b]lvGy] . pgn] cfk"mn] cfkm\gf]
ljjfxdf h'Qf gnufO bf}/f ;'?jfn dfq nufP/
gfË} v'§f j]x'nf eO uPsf] lbg ;Demb} eg] . clxn]
t k};f geO s]xL x'b}g, lsg]/ NofPsf] 6]lnlehg
x]g{ ;d]t dlxgfsf] tLg ;o s]jnnfO a'emfpg' kg]{
/] lah'nL vr{ afx]s .
pd]/n] *# aif{sf] eP tf klg ;dosf]
kl/jt{gnfO ;lhn} cfTd;ft ug]{ pgsf] :jefjn]
ubf{ g} ;a} pd]/ ;d"xsfx? ;+u pgL 3'nldn x'g
;S5g\ . s'g pd]/sfn] s:tf lsl;dsf s'/fsfgL
/ Jojxf/ dg k/fp5g\ eGg] /fd|/L a'em]sf pgL
pd]/ / dfG5] x]/]/ s'/f ug{ vlKk; 5g\ / t ;a}sf
lk|o klg 5g\ . k|ljlwsf] ljsf; af/]df klg w]/yf]/
hfgsf/L /fVb5g\ pgL . cfk"mn] rnfpg ghfg]
klg OG6/g]6af6 s] ug{ ldN5 s] ug{ ldNb}g
pgnfO yfxf 5 . s'g gflt gfltgf s'g laifosf]
s'g n]endf cWoog ul//x]sf5g\ Tof] klg pgnfO
yfxf 5 . cfkm\gf b'O6L gfltgLx? Pp6L ef/tdf /
csL{ a+ufnfb]zdf cWoog ul//x]sf] k|;Ë ;'gfpbf
pgL lgs} uf}/j dx;'; ul//x]sf] pgsf] cg'xf/af6
emNsGYof] . klxn] / clxn]sf] ;donfO{ s;/L
d"NofÍg ug'{ x'G5 eg]/ pgL;+u s'/f ubf{ klxn] 5'§}
lsl;dsf] cfgGb lyof] eg] clxn] a]Un} lsl;dsf]
cfgGb 5 eg]/ ;'gfpF5g\ . ;do ultzLn ePsf]n]
;do cg';f/ cfkm\gf] ;f]rdf kl/jt{g Nofpg
g;Sg] dflg; PSnf] / b'vL eP/ afFRg' kg]{ pgL
atfpFb5g\ .
;/n / ;sf/fTds ;f]r ePsf] dflg;nfO{
;a}n] vf]Hg] ePsfn] p ;w}F ;lqmo /xG5 h;n]
ubf{ zfl//Ls / dfgl;s lx;fan] klg p :j:y
/xG5 eGg] s'/fsf] To; If]qsf dflg;x?sf] nflu
pbfx/0f ag]sf5g\ pgL . …pxfFsf] hLjg x]bf{ afFRg
hfGg] xf] eg] a'9];sfn klg af]em gx'g] /x]5Ú eg]/
atfp5g\ df]xg k|;fbsf ;fgLdfsf 5f]/f xl/ k|;fb
vltj8f . …d}n] of] pd]/df klg pxfFaf6 slxNo}
lg/f;fhgs s'/f ;'g]sf] 5}g g t slxNo} cg'xf/
g} dlng b]v]sf] 5'Ú vltj8f yK5g\ . df]xg k|;fb
:jo+ klg w]/} aif{ cufl8 a'af cfdf ljTbf / @)^#
kmfNu'0fdf >LdtLsf] d[To' x'Fbf afx]s b'vL x'g'k/]sf]
vf;} ;Demgf g/x]sf] atfp5g\ . dflg;n] cfkm\gf]
hLjg h;/L afFR5' eg]/ ;f]Rof] To;/L g} eujfgn]
k'¥ofpFb5g\ eGg] pgsf] ;f]rfO 5 . pgnfO x]/]/
hfGg] xf] eg] afNosfnsf] h:t} cfgGb lnOsg
a'9];sfn klg latfpg ;lsG5 eGg] lgisif{df k'Ug
;lsG5 .
14 Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)&@
sfg"g
df Ho]i7 gful/s;DaGwL
Joj:yfsf] ;+lIfKt laZn]if0f
/]jf bfxfn
rewaghimire@yahoo.com
g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg “g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg”
@)&@ ;fn c;f]h # ut] hf/L ul/Psf] xf] . jf:tjdf
o; ;+ljwfgn] b]zsf] 7"nf] lx:;f cf]u6\g] /fi6«sf
w/f]x/ Ho]i7 gful/ssf] nflu u/]sf] Joj:yf b]Vbf
k|z:t pT;flxt x'g ;Sg] 7fpFx? 5g\ . h;df
6]s]/ P]g, lgodfjnL ag]/ sfof{Gjog eof] eg]
To;nfO 7"nf] pknAwLsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .
‣ ;j{k|yd g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg,@)&@ sf] efu
-#_ sf] df}lns xs / st{Ao cGtu{tsf]
wf/f !* sf] pkwf/f -#_df ;fdflhs jf
;f+:s[lts ?kn] lk5l8Psf dlxnf, blnt,
cflbjf;L hghflt, czSt c;xfo cflb ;Fu}
Ho]i7 gful/ssf] ;zStLs/0f jf ljsf;sf
nflu sfg"g adf]lhd ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g]5
elgPsf] 5 .
‣ o;/L g} oxL efusf] wf/f $! Dff Ho]i7
gful/snfO /fHoaf6 laz]if ;+/If0f tyf
;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g] 5 egL pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 . t/ Ho]]i7 gful/sdf ePsf]
;Lksf] pkof]u ug]{ / o;nfO cem kl/:s[t
kfg{ /fHosf] bfloTjaf/] eg] pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5}g .
‣ oxL efu-# sf] wf/f $# df ;fdflhs
;'/Iffsf] xs cGtu{t cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg,
czSt / c;xfo cj:yfdf /x]sf, c;xfo
Psn dlxnf, ckf+utf ePsf jfnjflnsf,
cfkm\gf] x]/rfx cfkmF} ug{ g;Sg] egL pNn]v
ul/P klg oxfF Ho]i7 gful/s egL pNn]v
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
15

ul/Psf] 5}g .
‣ o;/L g} efu-# s} wf/f #% sf] pkwf/f -!_
df :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xssf] Joj:yf ul/Psf]
5 . h;df k|To]s gful/snfO /fHoaf6
cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf lg:z'Ns k|fKt ug]{
xs x'g] / s;}nfO klg cfsl:ds :jf:Yo
;]jfaf6 alGrt ul/g] 5}g egL pNn]v ul/P
klg g]kfn h:tf] l;dLt ;fwg / >f]t ePsf]
b]zdf ;a} gful/ssf nflu lg:z'Ns :jf:Yo
;]jf k'¥ofpg] s'/f ug'{ Jojxfl/s gePsf]n]
/fHoaf6 vf; ;+/lIft ;d"xdf of] nfu' ug'{
cfjZos x'G5 / tL ju{df Ho]i7 gful/s
klxnf] k+ltdf cfpg' kb{5 .
‣ oxL efusf] wf/f #) df :jR5 jftfj/0fsf]
xs cGtu{t k|To]s gful/snfO :jR5 /
:j:Yo jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg] xs x'g]5
egL pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . h'g bL3{ hLjgsf
nflu ;sf/fTds sbd xf] eGg ;lsG5 .
‣ Gf]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] efu-
$ sf] wf/f %! sf] /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt,
gLlt tyf bfloTj cGtu{tsf] /fHosf]
gLltx?sf] -s_ sf] /fli6«o Pstf / /fli6«o
;'/Iff ;DaGwL gLltsf] pkwf/f -&_ df
k"j{ sd{rf/L, ;}lgs / k|x/L nufotsf
k"j{ /fi6« ;]jsx?df /x]sf] 1fg, ;Lk /
cg'ejnfO /fli6«o lxtdf ;d'lrt pkof]u
ug]{ egL Ho]i7 gful/sn] cfh{g u/]sf] ;Lk /
cg'ejsf] pkof]u ug]{ egL pNn]v ul/Paf6
Ho]i7 gful/s k|lt /fHosf] ;sf/fTds gLlt
/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
‣ efu-$ sf] wf/f %! sf] -u_ cGtu{tsf]
;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f ;DaGwL
gLltsf] pkwf/f -@_ df P]ltxfl;s, k'/ftflTjs
tyf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g /
ljsf;sf nflu cWoog cg';Gwfg, pTvgg\
tyf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ egL pNn]v ul/Psf]
5 . o;df Ho]i7 gful/sn] cfk"mn] hLjgdf
k|fKt u/]sf] cg'ej, 1fg, ;Lksf] cfwf/df
/fi6«nfO dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbg ;S5g\ .
To;}n] o; cg';f/ P]g, lgodfjnL agfpg'
cfjZos b]lvG5 .
‣ oxL efu-$ s} wf/f %! sf] -r_ cGtu{tsf]
ljsf; gLltsf] pkwf/f -*_ df hg;fª\lVos
tYofª\snfO{ cBfjlws ub]{ /fli6«o ljsf;
of]hgf;Fu cfj4 ug]{ egL pNn]v ul/g'
dxTjk"0f{ s'/f 5 . o;af6 Ho]i7 gful/ssf]
;ª\Vof / l:ytLdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g / To;
cg';f/sf] /fHosf] gLlt x'g] :ki6 b]lvG5 .
‣ oxL efusf] wf/f %! s} -5_ cGtu{tsf]
k|fs[lts ;fwg >f]tsf] ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g /
pkof]u ;DaGwL gLlt cGtu{tsf] pkwf/f -(_
df k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 x'g] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
ug{ k"j{ ;"rgf, tof/L, /fxt Pj+ k'g:yf{kgf
ug]{ egL pNn]v ul/Psf] laifonfO{ cToGt
;sf/fTds ?kdf Ho]i7 gful/sn] lng'
kb{5 . lsgls ljleGg cfFs8fn] o:tf
k|sf]kaf6 xtfxt x'g] / Iflt a]xf]g]{df a9L
Ho]i7 gful/s g} x'g\ . To;}n] oL dfly
pNn]lvt laifodf klxnf] k|fyldstfdf Ho]i7
gful/s kg'{ k5{ / hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf
of]hgf agfpFbf Ho]i7 gful/ssf] cg'ej /
1fgnfO k|of]u ug{ /fi6«n] ljleGg of]hgf
Nofpg' k5{ lsg ls Ho]i7 gful/ssf] cg'ejL
1fgnfO cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf ;fy k|of]u u/L
h'g h'g b]zn] of]hgf agfPsf 5g\ tL b]zn]
agfPsf of]hgf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;kmn
klg ePsf k|z:t pbfx/0f 5g\ .
‣ oxL efusf] wf/f %! sf] -h_ cGtu{tsf]
16 Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

gful/ssf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf ;DaGwL
gLltsf] pkwf/f -!)_ df g]kfnsf] Ifdtf
/ cfjZostfsf cfwf/df hg;ª\Vof
Joj:yfkgsf nflu kl/jf/ lgof]hgnfO
k|f]T;fxg ub}{ dft[ lzz' d[To' b/ 36fO
cf};t cfo' a9fpg] p2]Zo /fi6«sf] /x]sf] s'/f
;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf u/]af6 o;n] a'9\of}nLsf]
cjlw a9fpg ;sf/fTds sbd rfNg] gLlt
/fi6«sf] /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
‣ oxL efusf] wf/f %! sf] -h_ s} gful/ssf
cfwf/e"t cfjZostf ;DaGwL gLltsf]
pkwf/f -!$_ df oftfoft If]qnfO{ ;'/lIft,
Jojl:yt / ckf+utf d}qL agfpg] egL
pNn]v ul/Psf] t/ Ho]i7 gful/snfO{
;dfj]z gul/Psf] e]l6G5 . t/ casf]
;+;f/df oftfoftsf] dxTjnfO{ a'emL /fHon]
o;nfO{ Ho]i7 gful/s d}qL klg agfpg' kg]{
cfjZostf b]lvG5 .
;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/df Ho]i7
gful/s ;DalGw Joj:yf
‣ cg';"rL - % df ;+3sf] clwsf/ ;"rLsf]
qmd ;ª\Vof #@ df ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / ul/jL
lgjf/0f ;DaGwL clwsf/ ;+3nfO lbOPsf]
5 .
‣ cg';"rL - ^ df k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLsf]
qmd ;ª\Vof ( df :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] clwsf/
k|b]zsf] x'g]5 egL pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
‣ cg';"rL - & df ;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf
clwsf/sf] ;"rLsf] qmd ;ª\Vof !) df
of]hgf, kl/jf/ lgof]hg / hg;ª\Vof clg
qmd ;ª\Vof !! df ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf]
Joj:yf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
‣ o;/L g} cg';"rL - * df :yfgLo txsf]
clwsf/sf] ;"rLsf] qmd ;ª\Vof ( df cfwf/e"t
:jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO, qmd ;ª\Vof !^ df
Ho]i7 gful/s, ckf+utf ePsf czStx?sf]
Joj:yfkg clg qmd ;ª\Vof @) df ljkb
Joj:yfkg sf] clwsf/ ;DAfGwL pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 . •
csf]{ em\ofOFs'6L ljdf]rg
k"j{k|wfgdGqL 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{n] ut ebf}
!@ ut] Ps ;df/f]xdf xf:oJoª\Uosf/ dfl0fs/Tg
zfSosf] bf]>f] s[lt csf]{ ‰ofOFs'6L ljdf]rg ug'{eof] .
ljdf]rg ePsf] Ps} dlxgfdf ;f] s[ltsf] bf]>f] ;+:s/0f
klg k|sfzs e'F8Lk'/f0f k|sfzgn] ahf/df
NofPsf] 5 .
gkTofpFbf] vfnn] xf:oJoª\Uo If]qdf cfˆgf]
klxrfg b]vfpFb} cfPsf dfl0fs/Tg zfSo d kfqsf]
cfwf/df ;a}h;f] xf:oJoª\Uosf n]v /rgfx? n]Vb}
cfPsf5g\ . y'k|} xf:oJoª\osf k':ts klqsfdf ;Dkfbs
eO;s]sf logL cfkm" nfu]sf] af6fdf Psgf;n] lx8\g
dflx/ 5g\ . a}+ssf] hflu/kl5 ar]sf] ;donfO{ logL
xf:oJoª\Uo ;flxTon]vg / ;dfh;]jfsf] sd{df
nufpg] ub{5g\ .
o; s[lt ;+u|xdf #( yfg xf:oJoª\Uosf n]v
/rgfx? ;ªu|xLt 5g\ . logsf n]v /rgfx? ;/n 5g\
a'‰g sl7g 5}g . ;fgf] ;fgf] s'/fnfO{ klg xf:oJoª\Uosf]
ljifoj:t' agfPsf 5g\ . nfU5 logsf xf:oJoª\Uox?
sf6'{g h:tf 5g\ .
g]kfnL xf:oJoª\Uo
If]qdf Ps ;h{s /
sfo{stf{ ylkPsf]
5 . logL l;:g'kfgL
g]kfndf cfa4 5g\ .
dfl0fssf] klxnf] /
bf]>f] s[ltaf6
n]vsn] kfpg]
n]vs:j lduf}{nfsf
/f]uLsf]pkrf/df
;xof]uL alg/x]sf]
5 .
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
17

;d;fdlos
ljkbdf Ho]i7
gful/s
elgG5 “ls k9]/ hflgG5, ls k/]/” k9\g'
cf}krfl/s tyf cgf}krfl/s ?kdf lstfaL 1fg
lng' xf] eg] k/]/ hfGg' eg]sf] cg'ejaf6 lzIff lng'
xf] . jf:tjdf xfd|f] h:tf] ;dfhdf k9]/ hfGg]nfO
dfq dxTj lbPsf] t/ k/]/ hfGg]nfO{ ;dfh /
/fi6«n] vf;} dxTj lbP/ p;sf] 1fgsf] k|of]u u/]sf]
b]lvb}g . To;}n] cg'ejsf] >f]t Ho]i7 gful/s,
dxTjxLg k':tfsf] ?kdf ;dfhdf kmflnP/ /x]sf] 5
/ oxL ;fdflhs / /fli6«o ;f]rn] Ho]i7 gful/ssf
;d:ofx?sf] ;'?jft u/]sf] 5 .
“a'9fa'9L x'g' hLjgsf] zfZjt ;To xf]” of]
zfZjt ;TonfO x[boËd ug{ ;Sg] k':tf qmdzM
;+;f/df x/fpb} uPsf] 5 . zfl//Ls / dfgl;s
?kdf sdhf]/ x'b} hfg] clg kfl/jfl/s, ;fdflhs
/ /fi6«sf dxTjk"0f{ If]qx?af6 klg l;dfGts[t x'Fb}
hfg'n] Ho]i7 gful/sdf n3'tfef; x'g] / o;}af6
emg\ eoÍ/ zfl//Ls / dfgl;s ;d:of pTkGg
x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] sltko ca:yfdf a"9fa"9L
x'g' eg]sf] s]an u'dfpg' / c?sf] cfzdf dfq
afFRg' kg]{ hLjgsf] cj:yf xf] eGg] ?kdf ;dfh,
k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] Go"gLs/0f / kl/ cfof]
eg] ;fdgf s;/L ug]{ eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L
Ho]i7 gful/sx?nfO a9L cfaZos 5 lsg
ls o;sf] pRr hf]lvddf logLx? g} 5g\ .
kl/jf/ / Ho]i7 gful/s cfkm}n] klg a'em]sf] kfOG5 .
cfk"m zfl//Ls / dfgl;s ?kn] ;zSt x'bf k|fKt
u/]sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs k|lti7f qmdzM u'Db} hfg'
/ cfk\mgf cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] jlGrtLs/0fsf]
l:ytLdf a:g' slDt kL8fbfos 5}g . cem log}
Ho]i7 gful/sx? k|fs[lts k|sf]k / åGbsf] kl/l:ytL
;[hgf x'Fbf ;a} eGbf a9L k|efljt x'G5g\ . g]kfndf
xfn} uPsf] e'sDksf] a]nf klg w]/} Ho]i7 gful/sn]
o:t} cg'ej u/]sf] x'g' kb{5 .
cf}ifwL la1fgsf] k|ult, lzIff, r]tgf /
a9\bf] ;'udtfn] dflg;x?sf] cf}ift cfo' qmdzM
a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . laleGg tYofÍnfO{ cfwf/
dfGg] xf] eg] casf] ;+;f/ Ho]i7 gful/ssf] ;+;f/
xf] . jt{dfgdf hg;fª\lVos agf]6sf] lx;fan] x]bf{
;+;f/sf] s"n hg;+Vofsf] !@=@ k|ltzt hg;+Vof
Ho]i7 gful/ssf] /x]sf] 5 . oxL hg;+Vofsf] b'O{
ltxfO efu ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx?df a:g] ub{5g\ h'g
;g\ @)%) ;Dd kfFr efusf] rf/ efu x'g]5 .
To;}n] ca ljsl;t dfq x}g ljsf;zLn /fi6«sf]
;fdflhs agf]6df Ho]i7 gful/ssf] ;+Vofn]
7"nf] lx:;f cf]u6\g]5, h;n] ;dfhsf x/]s
If]qnfO 5'g]5 .
jf:tjdf k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] pRr hf]lvdsf]
If]q eg]sf] log} ljsf;zLn /fi6«x? g} x'g\ / ToxL
If]qdf Ho]i7 gful/ssf] a;f]af; pRr /x]sf]
18 Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

5 . To;}n] k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 a9L k|efljt Ho]i7
gful/s g} x'g\, h'g s'/f xfn} s]xL aif{ otf 3l6t
k|fs[lts k|sf]kdf d[To' / k|efljt x'g] ;+Vof /
ltgsf] pd]/ agf]6 cWoog ubf{ k|i6 x'G5 . clg
k|fs[lts k|sf]k eGbf cl3, k|sf]ksf] ;dodf /
k|sf]k kZrft klg cfwf/e"t cfjZostfaf6 jlGrt
x'g] klg Ho]i7 gful/s g} x'g\ . o;/L cfwf/e"t
cfaZostfaf6 g} alGrt ePsf] Ho]i7 gful/sdf
kof{Kt kf}li6s ef]hgsf] cefadf sd tf}n x'g],
laleGg g;g]{ /f]usf] cfqmd0f a9L x'g] cflb x'G5 .
w]/} ;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] sfo{qmd leq
klg kg{ g;Sg] l;dLt >f]t / ;fwgsf] sf/0fn]
cfk\mgf] kl/jf/ klg ;+o'Staf6 Psnlt/ 9Ngfn]
kl/jf/af6 5'l§P/ PSnf] JolStdf kl/0ft x'g'sf]
kL8f ;+;f/sf] x/]s b]z / ;dfhsf] Ho]i7 gful/sn]
ef]Ub} cfPsf 5g\ .
b'MvL, lk8Lt / ckx]lnt ?kdf /x]sf
Ho]i7 gful/sdf b'MvL leqsf klg cem b'MvL
kfqsf] ?kdf dlxnf Ho]i7 gful/s /x]sf 5g\ .
k'?ifsf] eGbf cf}ift cfo' a9L x'g' / cfk"m eGbf
a9L pd]/sf] k'?if;Fu ljjfx x'g]
;fdflhs k/Dk/fsf] sf/0f Ho]i7
gful/s dlxnfsf] ;+Vof a9L 5
/ ltgLx?sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s
/ r]tgfsf] :t/ cfFsng g} ug{
g;lsg] bogLo cj:yfdf 5
eGbf clto'lSt gxf]nf .
Ho]i7 gful/ssf] dxTj
/ ;DDffgdf 7"nf–7"nf zAbn]
l;+uf/]/ pgLx?nfO b]jtfsf]
>]0fLdf /fVg] t/ Aoaxf/
;fwf/0f dfgjnfO{ hlt klg
gubf{ hLjgsf] dxTjk"0f{ phf{
cfk\mgf] ;dfh / /fi6«nfO{ lbO
Ho]i7 gful/sdf kl/0ft x'Fbf
vfnL lng] t/ lbg g;Sg] kfqsf]
?kdf dfq x]g]{ ;dfh / kl/jf/sf] ;f]r aGb}
uPsf] kfOG5 . jf:tjdf Ho]i7 gful/s hLljt
Do'lhod x'g\ h;n] xfd|f] ;fdflhs k/Dk/f dfq
x}g kfl/jfl/s dxTj / OHhtnfO{ klg af]s]sf
5g\ . “cfuf] tfKg' d'8fsf] s'/f ;'Gg' a'9fsf]” eGg]
g]kfnL pvfgn] Ho]i7 gful/ssf] ;Lk / cg'ejsf]
pkof]u slt dxTjk"0f{ 5 eGg] b]vfP klg vf; o;
lsl;dsf] jftfj/0f ag]sf] b]lvb}g . oxL k|fs[lts
k|sf]ksf] Go"gLs/0f / kl/ cfof] eg] ;fdgf s;/L
ug]{ eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L Ho]i7 gful/sx?nfO
a9L cfaZos 5 lsg ls o;sf] pRr hf]lvddf
logLx? g} 5g\ . t/ la8Dagf o; lsl;dsf
sfo{df klg vfnL o'jf / afnaflnsfsf] dfq
vf]hL ul/G5 . To;}n] kl/jf/, ;dfh / /fi6«n]
Ho]i7 gful/sf] 1fg, ;Lk / cg'ejnfO{ ;fd]n u/L
k|fs[lts k|sf]k Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{qmd rnfpFbf a9L
k|efjsf/L ePsf] s'/f ljZjsf w]/} b]zdf k|dfl0ft
eO;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] ca xfdLn] klg otf ;f]Rg]
x}g t <
– Ho]i7 gful/s 8]is
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
19

;lqmo hLjg
a]k'm;{lbnf Ho]i7 gful/sx¿
wflbªsf] pQ/L e]ssf ls;fgx? y'G;], 8f]sf,
8fnf h:tf rf]ofsf ;fdfg agfP/ cyf]{kfh{g
ub{5g\ . ;]t'{ emfnf{ª\ / ltlKnª ufpFsf 3/-
3/df a[4 b]lv jfns ;Dd afx|} dlxgf rf]of;Fu
v]ln/x]sfsf b]lvG5g\ . -( ;fpg @)&@ sflGtk'/
b}lgs_
wflbªsf] w'iff ! sf &% aifL{o z'qm axfb'/
r]kfª wflbªsf] r/f}bL ahf/ / uf]/vf £ofNrf]s
uflj; hf]8\g] t'Ogsf 8«fOe/ ag]sf 5g\ . k|To]s
JolStnfO{ tf/]jfkt !) ?k}ofF lng] pgL cfk"m /
cfkm\gf ckfª\u 5f]/fsf] u'hf/f rnfpb} cfPsf
5g\ . -@& c;f]h @)&@ sflGtk'/ b}lgs_
dsjfgk'/ gfd6f/sL *) aif{ sf6L;s]sL
aof]a[4 wgdfof r]kfª cfkm\gf b'O{ gfltgftLgf
x'sf{O/x]sL l5g\ . afa' cfdfn] 5f]8] klg oL
gfjflns k|ltsf] st{Ao oLgn] e'n]sL 5}gg\ . -@&
c;f]h @)&@ sflGtk'/ b}lgs_
oL t s]xL k|ltlglw Ho]i7 gful/ssf
slxn]sfxL cfsne'msn b}lgs klqsfdf 5flkg]
va/ dfq x'g\ . zx/df a;L ;/sf/L jf u}/ ;/sf/L
sfd ug]{ dflg;sf] Pp6f lglZrt pd]/ ePkl5
cjsfz k|fKt ug]{ eGg] x'G5 t/ ufpFdf /x]sf xfd|f
af cfdfnfO{ x]/f} t hLjg /x];Dd slxNo} k'm;{b 5
t < ;a} ;Gtfg k9\g], hflu/sf] l;nl;nfdf jf c?
sfo{n] ubf{ zx/df g} a:b5g\ . xfd|f ufpFx? x]¥of]
eg] a[4cf>ddf kl/0ft eO;s]sf 5g\ . s]Gb|Lo
tYofª\s ljefun] ;g\ @)!$ df ;fj{hlgs u/]sf]
tYofª\snfO cfwf/ dfGg] xf] eg] klg jfnjflnsf
/ a[4a[4fsf] 7"nf] lx:;f ufpFdf g} a:b5g\ .
To;}n] xfd|f ufpFsf Ho]i7 gful/sn] cfk"mn] ;s]sf]
/ hfg]sf] ;Lk k|of]u u/L lqmofzLn hLjg g}
latfO/x]sf 5g\ . ltgLx?sf] b}lgs lqmofsnfknfO{
/fli6«o :t/sf ;~rf/ dfWodn] 7fpF Psbd} sd
lbg] / lbOxfn] klg pd]/ gv'nfpg] kl/kfl6n] u/]/
xfd|f Ho]i7 gful/sn] kl/jf/, ;dfh / /fi6«nfO{
clxn] lbO/x]sf] of]ubfgsf] plrt sb/ x'g ;s]sf]
5}g . To;}n] o; Ho]i7 gful/s å}dfl;s klqsfn]
oL s'/fx?nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy :yfg lbg]5 .
o;/L a[4a[4f x'bf klg cfk"mn] ;s]sf] of]ubfg lbO{
;dfhsf] pGgltdf nfUg] oL xfd|f af cfdf
cfb/0fLo 5g\ .
•
20 Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

cWofTd
wd{sf] k|ToIf :j?k
rGb| / ;"o{ x'g\
hgfb{g l3ld/]
;x–k|fWofks lq=la=
;gftg wd{sf] d"n:j?k zfZjt ;Tosf]
k|ltkfbg xf] . zfZjt ;Tosf k|tLs rGb| / ;"o{
x'g\ . cfsfzdf rGb| / ;"o{ /x];Dd ;gftg wd{
g s;}n] gfz]/ gfl;G5 g t of] wdf{Gt/0f g}
x'g;Sb5 . clxn] g]kfndf wdf{Gt/0f eof] eg]/
Hofb} sf]sf]xf]nf] xfn]sf] ;'lgG5 . jf:tjdf wdf{Gt/0f
x'g} ;Sb}g . c1fgtfsf] ut{df dfG5]nfO{ km;fpg
;lsG5, dfG5]n] zfZjt ;TonfO{ 5f]8]/ t'ngfTds
;TonfO{ klg 5f8]/ k"0f{tM c;Totkm{ hfg ;S5 .
of] JolStsf] s'/f xf] . JolStsf] k|j[lQsf sf/0f wd{
rflxF slxNo} kl/jt{g x'Fb}g, x'g ;Sb}g . ;gftg
wd{nfO{ 5f]8]/ hfg]x?n] of t ;gftg ;TonfO{
hfg]s} x'Fb}gg\, of t k"0f{ c1fgn] 3]l/Psf x'G5g\,
ltgLx?sf] dfq wdf{Gt/0f ePsf] dflgPsf] x'G5 .
k"0f{ 1fgLsf] wdf{Gt/0f sbflk ;Dej 5}g .
…wf/0ffb\ wd{ldTofx'M Ú o; kl/efiff cg';f/
cfwf/nfO{ wd{sf] d"n dflgG5 . cyf{t\ clwi7fg g}
wd{ xf] . of] ;+;f/df hlt hLj jf lghL{jx? 5g\ tL
;a}nfO{ wd{n] g} wf/0f u/]sf] x'G5 . æwdf]{ wf/ot]
k|hfMÆ eGg'sf] d"n tfTko{ oxL xf] . o; Znf]sf+zdf
k|hf eg]sf] hgtf x}g . ;"o{af6 k[YjL OToflb u|xx?
hlGdG5g\ . k[YjLaf6 hn, hnaf6 hLjsf] pTklQ
x'G5 . oL ;a} k|s[i6 ?kn] hlGdPsfn] logLx?nfO{
…k|hfÚ elgPsf] xf] . cyf{t\ k|hf eg]sf] r/fr/ hut\
xf] eg] xfn ;"o{n] oL ;a}nfO{ cfˆgf] u'?Tjfsif{0fsf
zlStåf/f wf/0f ub{5 . æwdf]{ wf/ot] k|hfMÆ eg]sf]
klg oxL xf] . cfwf/ g} wd{ xf] . ;"o{ s;sf] cfwf/df
l6s]sf] 5 t < o; s'/fsf] j}1flgsx?n] klg :ki6
ls6fgL ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . OlGkmlgl6 -cgGt_
df ;a} 6'lËg] s'/f atfpF5g\ . wd{df klg ToxL
cgGtnfO{ eujfg\ dflgPsf] 5 / cgGt rt'b{zLsf
lbg pg} cgGtsf] Wofg pkf;gf ul/G5 .
…wd{Ú zAb ljZjf;;Fu dfq ;DalGwt 5}g .
of] cf:yf / lgi7fsf] ljifo dfq} klg xf]Og . wd{
lj1fgsf] ljifo klg xf] . o;nfO{ …l/lnhgÚ sf]
cg'jfbsf] ?kdf a'em\g] u/]sfn] clxn] ;d:of
ePsf] 5 . To;}n] Pp6f lxGb'n] pmWj{/]t x'g
hg}sf] lzvf, 6'kLsf] lzvf, /IffaGwg OToflbsf]
lzvf agfPs} x'G5 . lzvf clUg;Fu} hf]l8G5 .
cyf{t\ clUgsf] nKsFb} u/]sf] HjfnfnfO{ clUglzvf
elgG5 . o;sf] ;DaGw ;"o{;Fu x'G5 . To;}n] lxGb'n]
xjgflb sd{ u/]/ clUg;Fu, c£o{bfg OToflbaf6
/ ufoqL dGqdfkm{t\ …;ljt[Ú tTjsf] dgg ub}{
;"o{;Fu ;DaGw /fVg} kb{5 . ;"o{ xfdL ;a}sf] cem
…wd{Ú zAb ljZjf;;Fu dfq ;DalGwt
5}g . of] cf:yf / lgi7fsf] ljifo dfq}
klg xf]Og . wd{ lj1fgsf] ljifo klg
xf] . o;nfO{ …l/lnhgÚ sf] cg'jfbsf]
?kdf a'em\g] u/]sfn] clxn] ;d:of
ePsf] 5 .
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
21

g]kfnsf] rGb| ;"o{ em08f x6fpF5'
eGg]x?n] cfsfz dfu{sf] rGb|–;"o{ x6fP
t axfb'/ g} dfgf}+nf t/ g]kfnsf] rGb|–
;"o{ em08f x6fP/ ;gftg wd{ gf:5'
eGg] s;}sf] ;f]r 5 eg] Tof] p;sf]
lbjf:jKg xf] .
ljz]if u/L hLjhut\sf] k|f0fjw{s ePsfn] d'Vo
cfwf/ xf] To;}n] ;"o{ …wd{Ú xf] . ;"o{ ljgf s]xL sfd
x'g ;Sb}g . ;"o{;Fu lg/k]If eP/ hLjg afFRg ;S5'
eg]/ s;}n] eG5 eg] p;sf] ts{ ;'g]/ s]jn xfF:g
dfq ;lsG5 . To;/L g} wd{ lg/k]If x'G5' eg]/ sf]xL
cfkm"nfO{ bfaL u5{ eg] p;sf] ts{ ;'g]/ s]jn
xf:g dfq ;lsG5 .
…clUg;f]dldb+ hut\Ú o; jfSo cg';f/ o;
;+;f/nfO{ rnfpg] clUg tTj / ;f]d tTj /x]sf
5g\ . h;/L …clUgÚ wd{sf] d"n tTj xf] To;}u/L
;f]d cyf{t\ …cf];\Ú tTj klg wd{sf] d"n kIf xf] .
cf];\ eg]sf] hntTj xf] . o;}n] c+u|]hLdf ;d'b|nfO{
cf];g elgG5 . To;}u/L j[li6sf] sf/s k[YjLsf]
Ps txnfO cf]hf]g elgG5 . h;/L hntTj ljgf
s'g} hLj Psl5g klg afFRg ;Sb}gg\ To;}u/L hn
g} wd{ ePsfn] wd{ lg/k]If eP/ s'g} klg hLj
afFRg ;Sb}gg\ . sf]xL d gf/fo0f;Fu lg/k]If 5' eGg]
bfjL u5{ eg] of t p;n] wd{nfO{ a'em]s} x'Fb}g of
t wd{sf gfddf …l/lnhgÚ sf] JofVof ul//x]sf]
x'G5 . oxL cf];\ tTjaf6 cf}iflw cflb aGb5g\ .
cf];d08n eGbf dfly rGb|d08n / rGb| d08n
eGbf dfly ;f]dd08n /x]sf] 5 . of] ;f]dnfO{ a'em\g
;"o{ d08n eGbf dfly hfg'kg]{ ePsfn] ToxfF;Dd
dg'iosf] ult k'Ug ;Sb}g To;}n] rGb|nfO{ g}
…;f]dÚ sf] k|ltlglw dfg]/ Jojxf/ ul/G5 . g]kfnsf]
em08fdf klg ;f]dd08nsf] k|ltlglwsf] ¿kdf
rGb|nfO{ /flvPsf] 5 . oxL em08f g} ;gftg wd{sf]
em08f xf] . cfsfzsf rGb| / ;"o{ Pj+ wtL{sf clUg
/ hn -/ftf] / gLnf] /Ë _ geO{ hLjhut\ rNg
g;Sg] ePsf]n] g]kfnsf] rGb| ;"o{ em08f x6fpF5'
eGg]x?n] cfsfz dfu{sf] rGb|–;"o{ x6fP t axfb'/
g} dfgf}+nf t/ g]kfnsf] rGb|–;"o{ em08f x6fP/
;gftg wd{ gf:5' eGg] s;}sf] ;f]r 5 eg] Tof]
p;sf] lbjf:jKg xf] .
ef}lts ;Qf / r}tGo ;Qfsf] hf]8af6 xfd|f]
h}ljs cl:tTj /xG5 . ef}lts cl:tTj klg lg/k]If
5}g . c0f' kbfy{df clGjt /xG5, kbfy{ wtL{sf]
cfsif{0fdf clGjt /xG5 . To;}n] ef}lts ;Qf klg
:jtGq 5}g . r}tGo ;Qf¿kL hLj cfTdf;Fu clGjt
/xG5 / cfTdf k/dfTdf;Fu clGjt /xG5 . o;/L
ef}lts xf];\ jf r}tGo b'j} ;Qfsf] clwi7fgnfO{
j]bfGtLx? a|x\d eGb5g\, af}4x?n] …z"GoÚ eGb5g\,
;f+Vox?n] k|s[lt / k'?if eGb5g\, g}oflosx?n]
…O{Zj/ -stf{_ eGb5g\=== . o;af6 lg/k]If sf]xL
x'Fb}g . To;}n] wd{ s]jn lxGb' lg/k]If x'g ;S5,
ls|lZrog lg/k]If x'g;S5, O:nfd lg/k]If
x'g ;S5 t/ wd{lg/k]If sbflk x'g ;Sb}g . of]
wd{lg/k]If zAb aGb} aGb}g, of] s;n] agfPsf]
xf] p;nfO{ ufO{hfqfdf xf:oJoª\Uo k'/:sf/ lbg'
pko'Qm b]lvG5 .
n]vs sflGtk'/ Pkm=Pd=sf wfld{s sfo{qmd k|:tf]tf klg x'g\ .
a'af cfdfsf] ;DklQ dfly 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] sfg'gL ?kd} xs nfUg] t/ tLg} a'af cfdfn] nfos
agfPsf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] sdfOdf a'af cfdfsf] xs nfUg' t k/sf] s'/f cfkm\gf a'af cfdfsf] ;DklQ
vfP/ klg pgLx?sf] plrt x]/rfx gug]{ 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ;dfh / /fi6«n] s]jn g}ltstfsf] k|Zg
dfq p7fP/ ePg . o:tf cdfgjLo / lje]bsf/L sfg'gsf] cGTo ug{ rf/}lt/af6 cfjfh p7fcf} .
22 Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

ahf/
Ho]i7
gful/s
nIfLt
pTkfbg
ahf/sf] dfunfO x]/L gofF gofF pTkfbgsf j:t'x?
cfpg] qmd;Fu} Ho]i7 gful/ssf nflu pkof]uL
;fdfgsf j:t'x? ahf/df cfpFg yfn]sf5g\ .
s]xL;do cl3 ;Dd Ho]i7 gful/ssf ;fdfg
lsGg vf]hLvf]hL lxF8\g' kYof]{ eg] hxfFsxLF
kfOFb}g lyof] . clxn] k;n k;ndf plgx?sf
;fdfgn] 7fpF kfPsf] 5 . pTkfbsx?n] klg
Ho]i7 gful/ssf cfj:ostfnfO a'emL gofF
gofF j:t' pTkfbg ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . To:tf
j:t'sf] k|of]un] Ho]i7 gful/ssf] lhjgofkgdf
;xh k'¥ofPsf] 5 . ahf/df cfPsf To:tf
j:t' tyf k|ljlwsf af/] s]xL hfgsf/L oxfF
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
rDrf sfF6f
Ho]i7 gful/sx?nfO{ ;lhnf];Fu vfg]s'/fx?
vfgsf] lglDt o; lsl;dsf rDrf sfF6fn]
;xof]u k'¥ofpFb5 . o; lsld;sf] rDrf
sfF6fsf] ;dfpg] efu a]ngfsf/ ePsf]n]
ubf{ sdhf]/ ;dfpg] Ifdtf ePsf] Ho]i7
gful/sx?nfO{ o;sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 .
Rollator Walker
lx88'n ug{ ufx|f] x'g] Ho]i7 gful/sx?sf]
nflu o; lsl;dsf] rf/kfªu|] walker lgs}
k|efjsf/L x'g] x'G5 . ljleGg cfsif{s /ªx?df
pknAw o; walker nfO{ k6\ofpg klg ldNg]
ePsf]n] 3/ leq tyf aflx/ hxfF klg k|of]u
ug{ ;lsG5 .
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
23

Knee
Walker
Light Weight Wheel Chair
ahf/df e/v/} gofF ;fdu|Lsf] ?kdf cfPsf]
of] walker n] ljz]if lsl;dsf] cj:yfsf
Ho]i7 gful/sx?nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 . h:t}
v'6\6fsf] ;d:of ePsf cyjf s'g} ck/];g
u/]sf Ho]i7 gful/sx?nfO{ lxF88'n ug{
;xh agfPsf] 5 . kfª\u|f], a|]s tyf la/fdL
v'6\6fnfO{ cf/fdbfos ?kdf /fVg ldNg] 7fpF
o; walker sf] laif]ztf xf] .
k5f8L 7[\n 7[\nf b'O{ j6f tyf cuf8L ;–;fgf
b'O{ j6f kfªu|f ePsf] of] Light Weight
Wheelchair n] Ho]i7 gful/sx?nfO{ c?sf]
;xof]u lagf g} otf ptf lx88'n ug{ dbt
k'¥ofpF5 . Ho]i7 gful/sx? cfkm}Fn] o;nfO{
rnfpg ;Sb5g\ . l;6sf] k5f8L g/d l;/fgL,
l;6 a]N6 h:tf ;'lawfx? ePsf] sf/0f of]
Ps cf/fdbfoL Wheelchair Ho]i7 gful/ssf
nflu cltg} pkof]uLl;4 ePsf] 5 .
Scooters
for
Elderly
;lhn} / ;'/lIft ?kdf lx88'n ug{ g;Sg] Ho]i7
gful/sx?sf] nflu o; lsl;dsf] Scooters
clt g} pkof]uL ;fwg xf] . O:s'6/n] sf/sf]
7fpF cf]u6\g g;s]tfklg glhssf] ;fyLefO{
tyf Oi6ldqx?sxfF hfg of] pkof]uL x'G5 .
Shower
Wheelchair
lXjnlro/sf] ;xfotfn] dfq lx88'n
ug{ ;Sg] Ho]i7 gful/sx?nfO{ g'xfpgsf]
nflu o; lsl;dsf] ;fj/ lXjnlro/ clt
pkof]uL x'G5 .
24 Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

Shoes for Elderly
Motorized
Wheel Chair
a9\bf] pd]/ ;Fu} Ho]i7 gful/sx?df ljleGg
;d:ofx? b]vf kb{5 . h; dWo] v'6\6f
;DalGw k|d'v ;d:of xf] . lx88'n ug]{ Ho]i7
gful/sx?nfO{ ;xh ?kdf lx8\gsf] nflu h'Qfsf]
7'nf] e'ldsf x'G5 . o; lsl;dsf] h'Qf 3/ leq
tyf aflx/ ;xh ?kdf lx8\gsf] nflu glrKng],
lxn gePsf] / xn'sf x'g] x'gfn] pkof]uL x'G5 .
Folding
Cane
lx88'n ug{ ;xf/f cfjZos kg]{ Ho]i7
gful/sx?sf] nflu folding cane n] ;fxf/fsf]
?kdf sfd ug]{ u5{ . ahf/df w]/} k|sf/sf
folding cane x? pknAw 5g\ . b'a} xftn]
walker ;dfpg g;Sg] Ho]i7 gful/sx?nfO{
o; lsl;daf] cane pkof]uL x'G5 .
Motorized wheel chair o;sf] tNnf]
efudf df]6/ h8fg ul/Psf] x'G5 . of] b]Vbf
cfsif{s lsl;dsf] ;lhnf] lXjnlro/ xf] .
cf/fdbflo l;/fgL, ;'/Iffsf] nflu l;6 a]N6
/ rnfpbf lgoGq0f ug{ clt g} ;xh x'g]
o;sf] laif]ztf /x]sf] 5 . o; lsl;dsf]
lXjnlro/ Ho]i7 gful/sx?nfO{ 3/ leq
tyf 3/ aflx/ hfgcfpg clt
pkof]uL x'G5 .
– Ho]i7 gful/s 8]is
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
25

d':sfg cfkm\gf] – cfkm\gf]
26 Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
– Ho]i7 gful/s 8]is
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

sfg"g
Ho]i7 gful/ssf] xsdf ;fdflhs
;'/Iff ;DaGwL Joj:yf
a[4 ca:yfsf sf/0f gful/sx? ;fd'
cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ?kdf pTkGg hf]lvd
Joj:yfkg ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon]
a[4 eQfsf] gfdaf6 g]kfndf cfly{s aif{
@)%!.)%@ b]lv ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmd
nfu' ePsf]df laleGg ;dodf kl/dfh{g
x'Fb} xfn ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmd ;+rfng
sfo{ljlw, @)^( cg';f/ of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng
eO/x]sf] 5 . ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmdsf]
nflu nlIft ;d"x kl/eflift ug]{, eQf
ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO ;/nLs/0f ug]{, clen]v
tyf ;"rgf cBfjlws ug]{, eQf ljt/0fdf
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
27

kf/blz{tf sfod ug]{, eQf ljt/0fsf]
k|efjsf/L cg'udg ug]{ tyf jfnjflnsfsf]
kf]if0fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] p2]Zosf ;fy @)&)
a}zfv !% ut] of] sfo{ljlw :jLs[t u/L nfu'
ul/Psf] xf] . Ho]i7 gful/ssf] xsdf ;fdflhs
;'/Iff eQf k|fKt ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu s0ff{nL
c~rnsf ;a} gful/sx? / g]kfn clw/fHo
e/sf ;a} blnt gful/sx?sf] nflu ^) aif{
pd]/ k'/f ePsf] / cGosf] xsdf &) aif{
pd]/ k'/f ePsfx?n] kl/ro kq k|fKt u/L
of] eQf k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5g\ . ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
sfo{qmdsf] kl/ro kq k|fKt ug{ cfufdL cfiff9
d;fGtdf dfly pNn]v ul/P cg';f/sf] pd]/
k'/f x'g] JolStx?n] ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf
gu/kflnsfdf uO{ d+l;/ !% ut] leq kmf/d
el/;Sg' kg]{ x'G5 . lgMz'Ns ?kdf pknAw x'Gf]
of] kmf/d klxn] b]lv eQf k|fKt ul//x]sfx?n]
;d]t gjLs/0fsf] nflu clgafo{ ?kdf eg'{
kg]{ x'G5 t/ gofF kl/ro kq lng]x?sf
nflu / gjLs/0f ug]{x?sf nflu eg] 5'§f5'§}
9fFrfsf kmf/dx? pknAw /x]sf 5g\ .
ljz]if cg'/f]w
dxfgu/kflnsf / pk-dxfgu/kflnsfx?df
eg] of] kmf/d ;DalGwt j8f sfof{nodf uO
eg{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 . gofF kl/ro
kq lngsf] nflu kmf/d eg]{x?n] eg] clgjfo{
?kdf b'O{ k|lt kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] /
g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0f kq ;+nUg ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf /x]sf]5 .
;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf jfktsf] /sd
;DalGwt JolStnfO rf}dfl;s ?kdf pknAw
u/fpg] gLlt ;/sf/n] lnPsf] 5 . k|yd ls:tf
afktsf] /sd bz}F eGbf cufl8 cflZjg
dlxgfdf, bf]>f] ls:tf df3 dlxgfdf / t]>f]
ls:tf h]i7 dlxgfdf pknAw u/fpg] tflnsf
;/sf/sf] /x]sf] 5 . sltko ufpF ljsf;
;ldtL / gu/kflnsfx?n] gubdf g} /sd
pknAw u/fPsf] b]lvG5 eg] sltkon] a}+s
dfkm{t /sd pknAw u/fpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
t/ /fHo sf]ifaf6 dfl;s ?kdf tnj, eQf,
k]G;g nufot cGo s'g} ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
;DalGw ;'ljwf kfO/x]sf gful/sx?n] eg]
;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf kfpg] 5}gg\ . •
– Ho]i7 gful/s 8]is
Ho]i7 gful/sn] ef]Ug' k/]sf ;d:of / kL8faf/] cfŠgf l5d]s, Oi6–ldq /
e]63f6df yfxf ePsf hfgsf/LnfO{ /fli6«o ax;sf] ljifo agfpg'k5{ . To;f] ul/of]
eg] dfq Ho]i7 gful/ssf xslxtsf nflu plrt gLlt, lgod tyf sfo{qmdåf/f xfd|f]
/ xfd|f ;Gtfgsf] a'9\of}nL hLjg ;'/lIft / ;Ddflgt agfpg ;lsG5 . To;}n] Ho]i7
gful/sk|lt ePsf b'Jo{jxf/ / e]befjaf/] tkfO{+nfO{ yfxf ePsf s'/f xfdLnfO{ n]lv
k7fpg x'g cg'/f]w 5 .
– ;Dkfbs
28 Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

sljtf
k'mn]sf] hjfgL
!= ;xL si6 w]/} agL :jfledfgL
k/] dfgl;s 5Gbdf ;To 5fgL
:jo+sd{n]5f} ltdLj[4 hfgL
x/ rfp/Ldf 5 7"nf] sxfgL
@= ljlw1fg k'vf{x?n] lnP/
kl5 Tof] lglw j+znfO{ lbP/
;bf pGgltdf cufl8 a9fO{
Efof} d'Uw dfly lzv/df r9fO{
#= /x\of] ;fy ltd|f] x/kfOnfdf
agL ;DwL ;f;' lbbLefO cfdf
;a} sd{sf] wd{ lgjf{x ub}{
u¥of} kfngf j+zdf 1fg 5b}{
$= s'g} ;j{1fgL agL hlGdb}g
ljgf k|]/0ff k"0f{ sf]xL x'b}g
ToxL k|]/0ffsf] lbof} of]ubfg
oxL cfzdf ls ag"g tL dxfg
%= gug"{ a'9f}nL egL sf]xL x]nf
:jo+ kg'{kg]{ p;}sf] 5 km]nf
oxL ;To a'em\g] ToxL x'G5 1fgL
p;}sf x'Gfg\ ;Gtlt :jfledfgL
^= u/]sf] 5 h;n] 7"nf] of]ubfg
p;}nfO{ sdhf]/L xf] em}F g7fg
a'9f}nL ;a}n] gef]uL x'b}g
s'g} 5}g hf] jL/ To;}n] 5'b}g .
&= wg'em}F sd/ ef] k;]leq ufnf
em/] bfFt, e'm6L{ k/L z'is 5fnf
eP s]z ;]tf a9] bfu sfnf
x'g]5f} ;a} g} oxL ?kjfnf
*= oxL e"ld cfsfz xf] hn oxL xf]
oxLF hlGdg' dg'{ kg]{ oxLF xf]
a'9f}nL hjfgL tyf afNosfn
oL zfZjt s'/fdf 5 s] sf] ;jfn <
(= d afd] ;/]sf] / tft] u/]sf]
;a} sd{ of b[li6 ltd|} k/]sf]
Df lx8\b} 5' p8\b} 5' jf kf}l8b} 5'
;xf/f d ltd|f] lnO{ bf}l8b} 5' .
!)= oxL ;[li6sf] qmd lg/Gt/ rn]sf]
a'9f}nL To;}sf] cg'qmd ag]sf]
tL PsfsL 5}gg\ s'g} j[4j[4f
;bf kf}/vL dgx?df 5 >4f
!!= ;jfT;No sfDb} p7fP/ xft
Uf?g\ dfydf :kz{ cflzif ;fy
agL zAb lg:s] olb d"t{ jf0fL
;a} rfxfgf t'R5 loGsf cufl8
!@= cfjfn j[4f ;a} xfdL ;fyL
xh'/ af k'mk" dfOh' jf k'q gftL
a'9\of}nL ca:yf a8f] efUodfgL
/;Lnf] kmn]sf] k'mn]sf] hjfgL
– k'ik/fh 1jfnL
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
29

cNhfOd;{ /f]u nfu]sf] yfxf
:jf:Yo
kfpg] s]xL nIo0fx?
cNhfOd;{ 8]d]lG;ofsf] Ps k|sf/ xf] . h;df
dflg;n] cfkm\gf] :d/0f zlSt u'dfpFb} hfg] ub{5 .
of] /f]u nfu]sf] dflg; b}lgs hLjgsf ;fdfGo eGbf
;fdfGo sfd ug{ klg g;Sg] l:ytLdf k'Ub5g .
o;sf] vt/f pd]/;Fu} a9\b} hfG5 . vf; u/L ^% aif{
eGbf dflysf dflg;x?nfO of] /f]u nfUg] ePtfklg
% k|ltzt rflxF Tof] eGbf sd pd]/sfnfO{ klg nfUg]
ub{5 . To;}n] eGg ;lsG5 cNhfOd;{ w]/} dfqfdf
a'9\of}nL pd]/df g} b]lvg] Ps lsl;dsf] :yfoL
dfgl;s /f]u xf] . of] /f]usf] ;'?jftsf] ;dodf
lkl8tn] cfk"mnfO{ of] ;d:ofsf] ;'?jft ePsf] yfxf
g} gkfpg] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 . To;}n] oL s]xL
nIf0fx? 5g\, h;sf] ;xfotfn] of] /f]uaf/] yfxfkfO
;ts{ x'g ;lsG5 .
cNhfOd;{sf bz vt/gfs nIf0fx?M
!= b}lgs hLjgnfO{ g} c;/ kg]{ u/L la;{g' .
o;df JolStn] ev{/} yfxf kfPsf] dxTjk"0f{
hfgsf/L, ;dfrf/, ldlt, ;'rgf cgf}7f] t/Lsfn]
la;{G5 .
@= of]hgf agfpg cyjf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{
30 Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

c;dy{ x'g' .
b}lgs hLjgdf kl/ cfpg] ;d:of ;dfwfg
ug{ xf]; ls cfk"mn] ul//x]sf b}lgs sfd qmd
ldnfP/ ug{ c;dy{ x'g] kl/l:ytLsf] ;[hgf x'G5 .
#= cfkm\gf] 3/ jf sfof{nosf] cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L
k"/f ug{ c;dy{ x'g' .
cfk"mn] ul//x]sf] 3/ jf clkm;sf] lhDd]jf/L
k"/f ug{ ;d:of x'G5 . sltko cj:yfdf cfk"mn]
b}lgs v]Ng] u/]sf] v]nsf] lgod la;{g] / ;jf/L
;fwg rnfP/ klxn] uPsf] 7fpFdf k'Ug ;d]t
c;dy{ x'G5 .
$= ;do / 7fpFaf/] cndlng' .
cfk"mn] ;w} lx8\g] af6f], ;w} uPsf] 7fpF jf
ldtL ;do cflb klg cndlng] ;Defjgf x'G5 .
%= x]g{ / a'em\gnfO{ klg ufx|f] x'g' .
of] /f]uaf6 lkl8t JolStnfO{ x]g{, d'Nofª\sg
ug{ / lg0f{o lng w]/} cK7\of/f] x'g'sf] ;fy}
b[li6df ;d:of klg b]lvg ;S5 .
^= af]Nbf / n]Vbf pko'St zAb la;{g' jf pko'St
zAb gcfpg' .
s'/f ubf{, n]Vbf pko'St zAbsf] 5gf]6df
;d:of eP/ cfk"mn] eGg vf]h]sf] s'/f eGg
g;Sg] kl/l:yltsf] ;[hgf x'G5 .
&= cfkm\gf] h?/L ;fdfg unt 7fpFdf /fVg' /
/fv]sf] 7fpF ;Demg g;Sg' .
;fdfgx? pko'St 7fpFdf g/fVg' / Tof] 7fpF
/ sltko ca:yfdf ;fdfgsf] gfd klg la;{g' .
*= sdhf]/ lg0f{o Ifdtf .
sltko ;fdfGo sfdsf] klg lg0f{o lng
g;Sbf JolStut ;/;kmfOdf klg sdL x'g uO
kmf]x/L eO{ a:g yfNb5 .
(= ;fdflhs / kfl/jfl/s ;df/f]xdf sd 3'nldn
x'g yfNg' .
cfk"m ;lqmo /x]sf] ;fdflhs sfd jf
cfkm\gf] dg kg]{ ;fdflhs lqmofsnfk, v]ns'b
cflbsf ;fy} cfkm\gf] kfl/jfl/s ;df/f]xdf klg
;lqmotfdf sdL Nofpg' .
!)= :jefj / afgLdf kl/jt{g cfpg' .
o; /f]uaf6 lkl8tsf] :jefjdf kl/jt{g
cfO hLjgnfO af]emsf] ?kdf lnO ;w} pbf;,
dlng / z+sfn' :jefjsf] x'g yfN5 .
– Ho]i7 gful/s 8]:s
Plhª g]kfndf pknAw Ho]i7 gful/s;DaGwL k':tsx¿
!= j[4f}klgifb\
@= Ho]i7 gful/sdfly ePsf b'Jo{jxf/ ;DaGwL k|sflzt
;dfrf/x¿sf] cWoog k|ltj]bg
#= a'9\of}nL hLjg
$= a'9\of}nL hLjg Joj:yfkg
%= g]kfnL ;dfhdf a'9\of}nL hLjg
^= l8d]lG;of
&= km'n]sf] hjfgL -sljtf ;ª\u|x_
*= ç sf/df 5f}+ ;a -sljtf ;ª\u|x_
(= j[4j[4fsf j]bgfsf :j/x¿ -sljtf ;ª\u|x_
!)= ‘Ho]i7 gful/s’ å}dfl;s klqsf
!!= Year Book of Senior Citizens, Nepal 2013
!@= Year Book of Senior
Citizens, Nepal 2014
!#= ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf]
dlxnflj?4 x'g] lje]b pGd"ng
ljifos ;ldltn] kfl/t u/]sf] Ho]i7 dlxnf /
ltgLx¿sf] dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f ug]{af/] k|d'v
l;kmfl/;
!$= Ageing Scenario in Nepal -From Policy to
Development.
!%= jfWb{So hLjgaf]w
!^= Year Book of Senior Citizens, Nepal 2015
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
31

;dfh
/fdk|;fbsf] b'd{lt
d'g kf}8]n
zflGt uf]/]6f], rfalxn
Psflaxfg} ha d b"w / klqsf lng k;nlt/
nDsG5', Ps hgf b'Anfkftnf RofpF;] a'9f dfG5]
nfO Pp6f ;aeGbf ;:tf] b}lgs klqsf plEeplEe
kl9/x]sf] b]V5' . pgL Tof] klqsf o;/L kl9/x]sf
x'G5g\, dfgf} klqsf p8]/ st} a]kQf e}xfN5g\ ls
eg] h:tf] . d ;w}F pgnfO k|fo Pp6} e]ife"iffdf
b]V5' . bz aL; aif{ k'/fgf], P3f/ 7fpF v'lDrPsf]
kfOG6, l;nl;n] k'/fgf] sldh / To; dfly
8Nn}8Nnf k/]sf] d}nf] sfnf] plb{sf] h:tf] sf]6
/ h'Qf plxn]sf] uf]N8 :6f/ h;sf] 3fF6Lg]/af6
v'hd'lhPsf] df]hf b]lv/x]sf] x'G5 . logL olt xtf/
/ pT;'stfn] s] kl9/x]sf x'G5g\ klqsf k;nd}
plEeplEe d}n] a'em\g ;s]sf] lyOg .
Ps lbg d Pp6f sDkgLsf] nfef+z lng
k+ltdf pleO/x]sf] lyPF, crfgs tL ;Hhg ToxL
e]ife"iffdf cl;g kl;g x'b} cfP/ nfOgdf nfu] .
Ps t dnfO Tof] k+ltdf a;]sf dflg;x? b]v]/
To;} ljt[i0ff eO/x]sf] lyof], To;dfly tL ;Hhg
cfP kl5 t emg\ c;xgLo eP/ cfof] . k+ltdf
ePsf c;L k|ltzt hlt dxfg'efjx? ;a} cjsf;
k|fKt k+};ÝL - ;Q/L aif{ eGbf dflysf lyP . Tof]
sGr6 ;]Sg] 3fddf 306f}F pleP/ ;]o/sf] sf/f]jf/
ug]{ oL Ho]i7 gful/sx? sf]xL klg cefju|:t
/ gk'Ubf h:tf lyPgg\ t/ lognfO hLjgsf] of]
/dfOnf] / cf/fd ug]{ a]nfdf k};fsf] sqf] nt
nfu]sf] < sf]xLsf]xL t nfef+z / af]g;sf] sfuhsf]
vf]:6f af]s]/ 3/ klg k'Ug g;Snfg h:tf lyP .
dnfO bof / s?0ff b'a} nfu]/ cfof] . Tof] lbg d}n]
kv]{/ eP klg pgnfO afOsdf lnP/ cfPF / ToxL
gftfn] xf]nf d}n] pgsf] hLjgdf lrof]rrf]{ ug]{
df}sf kfPF .
pgL cyf{t\ /fdk|;fb, xfd|} 6f]nsf] d'Vo
rf]sdf c9fO tn] uhasf] 3/df a:bf/x]5g\ .
b'O{ tnf rflxF ef8fdf, cfk"mx? Efg] dflysf] cfwf
tnfdf . 3/df a'9L afx]s sf]xL /x]g5g\ . Pp6f
5f]/f cd]l/sf, sfG5L 5f]/L Sofg8f . 5f]/f au{/
a]R5 c/], 5f]/L csf{sf] aRrf :ofxfl5{g\ /] . 5f]/f]
g]kfn gcfPsf] kfFr aif{ eGbf a9L eO{;s]sf]
/x]5 / kmf]g;f]g klg 5 dlxgfdf Ps k6s eGbf
a9L ubf]{ /x]g5 . 5f]/f] g]kfnaf6 kmf]g ubf{ ;:tf]
k5{ eg]/ afa'cfdfnfO kmf]g ug{ eGbf]/x]5, afa'
nf]eL vr{ x'G5 eg]/ kmf]g} ubf{/x]g5g\ . 6f]nsf
5f]/Ln] rflx Ps k6s dfof u/]/
cfdfnfO Sofg8f 3'Dg af]nfOg\ . a'9L
b+u kb}{ s'lbg\ a'9fnfO PSn} 5f]8]/ .
em08} Ps aif{ kl5 a'9L g]kfn kmls{g\
/ Po/kf]6{df a'9fnfO b]Vg]lalQs}
s+snfzAb u/]/ ?g yfln5g\ . 5f]/Ln]
t cfdfnfO ;'Ts]/L :ofxfg{ kf] af]nfPsL
/lxl5g\ .
32 Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

k'/fgfaf;Ln] a'9fnfO{ To;}n] xf]nf nf]eL a'9f, sGh';
a'9f, eg]/ gfd} rnfPsf /x]5g\ . x'Gf klg 6f]nsf
kmnk"mn k;n], t/sf/L k;n] s;}nfO klg a'9fn]
slxNo} s]xL lsg]sf] ;Demgf /x]g5 . slxn]sfFxL
s]/f lalu|P/ ;:tf]df a]Rg /fv]sf] a]nfdf eg] a'9f
s;}n] b]Vnf ls eg]/ 8/fpb} s'lxg yfn]sf] s]/f
eg] lsGbf/x]5g\ .
a'em\b} hfFbf, a'9f;+u k};f gePsf] sxfF kf] /}5
/ < axfn dfq} ;Q/L xhf/ cfpbf] /x]5 dlxgfsf]
To; dfly kRrL; krf; nfvsf] t ;]o/ klg 5
c/] pgL;+u . s'g} ;]o/ lg:sg kfPsf] 5}g pgL
n8\b} k8|b} lsGg bu'l/ xfNbf /x]5g . ToxL ;]o/sf]
hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ dl/xQ] u/]/ k9\bf /x]5g\
klqsf . ;]o/ ;dfrf/ afx]s c? b]z ljb]zsf] s'g}
;dfrf/;+u s'g} dtnj /x]g5 pgnfO . ;]o/ lsGg]
/ nfef+z lng] bf}8fbf}8df Ps k6s df]6/;fOsnn]
/ Ps k6s t ;fOsnn] klg lxsf{O;s]sf]
/x]5 pgnfO{ .
/fdk|;fbhL d]/f] a'af eGbf klg a9L pd]/sf
lyP . af6f]df o;f] e]6\bf d pgnfO ;w} gd:sf/
u/]/ ;~rf]la;~rf] ;f]Wg] uy]{F . To;}n] xf]nf Ps
lbg ;fFemkv pgsf] 3/g]/af6 sxLF hfg nfu]sf]
lyPF, a'9fn] ;fx|} s/ u/]/ cfkm\gf] sf]7fdf lnP/
uP . /fd k|;fbhLsf] a}7s t 7"n} lyof] t/ lau|]/
st} cgsG6f/df ylGs/x]sf] 8f]h/ h:tf], e'O{+df
cf]5\ofPsf] sfk]{6 v'OlnPsf] / EjfFª\ klg k/]sf],
;f]kmfx? Wfl:s;s]sf] / rfpl/Psf] . ToxL lbg d}n]
/fdk|;fbhLsL cwf{ª\uLgLnfO klg b]vF] . a'9L t
a'9f eGbf klg b'AnL kftnL ;'s]gf; nfu]h:tL .
d of] cfG6LnfO k|fo b]VyF ], a]n'sL ;sL g;sL
sGb} kz'kltlt/ uO/x]sf] . a'9fn] dnfO Ps t'sf]{
;fgf] skdf xfn]sf] lrgL klg xfNof xf] ls x}g
To:tf] sfnf] lrof / ug]/ b'O{6f la:s'6 Tof] klg
vf]O slxn]sf] xf], cf]:;L;s]sf] . s'/f] ub}{ hfbf
d}n] yfxf kfPF, oL b'a} a'9fa'9L gvfOgvfO sg
6fS;LPsf] /x]5g\ . Tof] pd]/df dhfn] laxfg a]n'sf
b"w lkpg' kg]{, b"w t logLx? lsGbf g} /x]g5g\ .
df5fdf;'sf] gfddf dlxgfdf Ps k6s Ps kfp
lsg]/ tLg lbg;Dd emf]n vfbf/x]5g\ . laxfg P3f/
ah]lt/ Ps} k6s Ps ufF; eft l6k]kl5 Ps} k6s
a]n'sf Pp6f /f]6L vfFbf /x]5g\ . g kmnk"mn g s'g}
tfultnf] lrh . eft / /f]6L klg gvfbfgvfbf
k]6el/ klg gvfg] . nf]e t nf]e s] sf] nf]e,
pd]/df ug'{ kl/>d ul/;s]/
5f]/f5f]/LnfO nfos agfO;s]kl5
ca tkfOnfO{ klg cf/fdsf], ;'vsf]
lhGbuL latfpg] clwsf/ 5 . lsg
o;/L cfkm\gf] z/L/nfO{ b'Mv lbO/xg'
ePsf] 5 .
s;sf nflu nf]e <
cd]l/sfdf au{/ a]Rg] 5f]/fn] Ps t kmf]g
klg ubf]{ /x]g5 / kmf]g u-of] eg] –‘a'jf Tof] 3/
a]r]/ dnfO k};f lbg' d cd]l/sfdf 3/ lsG5'’
afx]s c? s]xL eGbf]/x]g5 . t} klg a'9f a'9L 5f]/f]
eg]kl5 x'?Ss . 5f]/f] rflxF 3/ a]Rof] eg] cfdf
a'af sxfF a:5g\ eg]/ ;f]Rbf] klg /x]g5 . cfdf
a'afnfO k};f vr{ x'G5 eg]/ cd]l/sf b]vfpg klg
af]nfPsf] /x]g5 . 5f]/Ln] rflx Ps k6s dfof
u/]/ cfdfnfO Sofg8f 3'Dg af]nfOg\ . a'9L b+u kb}{
s'lbg\ a'9fnfO PSn} 5f]8]/ . em08} Ps aif{ kl5
a'9L g]kfn kmls{g\ / Po/kf]6{df a'9fnfO b]Vg]lalQs}
sÍnfzAb u/]/ ?g yfln5g\ . 5f]/Ln] t cfdfnfO
;'Ts]/L :ofxfg{ kf] af]nfPsL /lxl5g\ . Ps aif{ ;Dd
a'9Ln] ;lsg;sL gflt :ofxfl/5g\ . 3/sf] sf]7f
afx]s s]xL b]Vg kfOg5g\ . g st} nlulbP5g\ gst}
3'dfO lbP5g\ . a'9L lar/LnfO l;Q}sf] wfOcfdf
agfP/ Po/kf]6{af6 3/ clg 3/af6 km]/L Po/kf]6{
lhDdf nufP/ g]kfn k7fO lbO5g\ Kof/L 5f]/Ln] .
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
33

Ps lbg zlgaf/ /fdk|;fbhL xftdf ;]o/sf]
klqsf af]s]/ d sxfF cfOk'u] / ;]o/sf] k|jrg lbg
yfn] . s] lsGbf kmfObf x'G5, s'g lsGbf x'Gg, s'g
a]Rg' k5{ PS;k6{ h:tf] aofg ug{ yfn] . vfgf vfg]
a]nf eO;s]sf] lyof] t/ a'9f p7\g] gfd} lnO/x]sf
lyPgg\ . s]xL gnfu]/ >LdtLn] cfP/ -‘vfgf vfg]
xf]Og LdtLsf] k'/} efu df;' eft ykLykL
vfOlbP . a'9f vfg g;Sg] xf]Og /x]5g\ . s] sf]
Toqf] nf]e < dnfO a'9f a'9L k|lt bof / l/; b'a}
hfu]/ cfof] l/;fP/ s] ug'{ < g st}sf] gftf g t
st}sf] ;DaGw eGg' t s] eGg' .
;do laQ} uof] . a]nfavt /fdk|;fbhLnfO
e]6L g} /fVy]F t/ s'g} lbg s'g} If0f klg a'9fsf]
cg'xf/, z/L/ jf e]ife"iffdf s'g} gjLgtf gb]Vbf
xfd|f] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] Ho]i7 gful/ssf] u'lD;Psf]
dfgl;stf k|i6 eP/ cfpbYof] . 5f]/f5f]/LnfO
df8eft VjfP/ eP klg k9fp, lnvfp, hflu/ klg
Vjfp clg To; kl5 3/ agfOb]p, cf8Da/ u/]/
grflxbf] vr{ u/]/ lax] ul/b]p . To;kl5 gfltgfltgf
x'sf{Ob]p . cyf{t\ cfkm\gf] 5f]/f5f]/L t x'sf{p x'sf{p
ltgsf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] klg u'x' d't :ofxf/ . To;kl5
cfkm\gf] ;a}yf]s eO{;s]kl5 afpcfdfsf] jf:t} gu/L
5f]/f5f]/L cfkm\gf] JolStut ;+;f/df d:t . afpcfdf
rflxF ;Gtfgn] hlt x]k] klg, hlt jf:tf gu/]klg
cfkm\gf] k]6df, dgdf OR5fdf k6'sf afFw]/ ;Dkltsf]
>L a[l4 / kx/f ub}{df nvt/fg . g dL7f] vfg],
g /dfOnf] ug]{, g 3'Dg hfg], g b}lgs hLjgnfO
gf]s/ rfs/, ljh'nLsf laleGg oGqaf6 cf/fdbfoL
agfpg] . dfq ;DklQnfO Rofk]/ Ps lbg n';'Ss
;+;f/af6 ljbf e} lbg] o:t} 5 xfd|f clwsf+z Ho]i7
gful/ssf] b'u{lt . sltn] t ePe/sf] ;DklQ
5f]/f5f]/Lsf] gfddf /flvlbP/ ha/h:tL cfk"mnfO
dfUg]df kl/0ft u/fpb5g\ . wGo g]kfnL cfdfafa' .
/fdk|;fbhLsf] klg To:t} rfnf lyof] . cfk"m
klg gvfO gvfO dg]{ ;xwdL{0fLnfO{ klg ;f]xL
af6f]df lx8fpg] . Ps lbg t clt g} eof] d]/}
cufl8 Pp6f d]f6/;fOsnsf] P]gfn] nfu]/ a'9fnfO
;8sdf k5fl/lbof] . d}n] c:ktfndf nu]/ k|fylds
pkrf/ u/fOlbPF, t} uDeL/ s]xL ePsf] /x]g5 . Tof]
lbg pgnfO k'¥ofpg 3/df hfFbf lhNn k/] d .
efG;fdf vfg] s'/fsf] gfddf s]xL lyPg clnslt
bfn rfdn afx]s . g t/sf/L g kmnk"mn .
Tof] lbg a'9fa'9L b'a}nfO /fv]/ d}n] Pp6f
;fgf]ltgf] efif0f g} lbPF . ‘tkfOn] 5f]/f5f]/L k|lt
cfkm\gf] st{Ao lgjf{x ul/;Sg' eof]] . kof{Kt lzIff
lbO;Sg' Efof] . ca sdfO /x]sf5g\ ., vfO /x]sf5g\ .
tkfO{x? RfflxF s:sf] nflu o;/L ef]sef]s} d/]sf] <
k};f 5}g eg' eg] kof{Kt k};f 5, s/f]8f}sf] ;DklQ .
pd]/df ug' { kl/>d ul/;s]/ 5f]/f5f]/LnfO nfos
agfO;s]kl5 ca tkfOnfO{ klg cf/fdsf], ;'vsf]
lhGbuL latfpg] clwsf/ 5 . lsg o;/L cfkm\gf]
z/L/nfO{ b'Mv lbO/xg' ePsf]5 . Ps lbg s'g ;6\sf
Ps d'Lsf] ;fz pl8lbG5 tkfO{sf] k};f, ;DklQ
s'g} sfd nfUb}g . k};f / ;DklQsf] pkof]u ug' {;\,
pkef]u ug' {;\ / cf/fd / zfgsf] lhGbuL latfpg';\ .
d]/f] s'/fn] /fdk|;fb bDktL slt k|efljt eP, d]/f]
s'/fsf] dd{nfO slt cfTd;ft u/], d}n] a'em\g
;lsg t/ eGg] a]nfdf rflxF eg] –‘xf] afa' tkfOn]
7Ls eGg' ef] . ca xfdL To;} u5f}{ .’ t/ To;kl5
a'9f d ;+u tls{g yfn] . ;s];Dd hDsfe]6 gxf];\
eGof h:tf] ug{ yfn] . o;}qmddf Ps lbg ;fFemkv
/fdk|;fbhLnfO lalu|g yfn]sf] s]/f lsGg nfu]sf]
b]v]kl5 d]/f] dg larlnt eP/ cfof] . xfd|f g]kfnL
Ho]i7 gful/s af–cfdf o:tf k'R5/ x'g\ h'gnfO{ afx|
aif{ t s] ;o aif{;Dd klg 9'ª\u|f]df /fv] klg d/] ;f]emf]
gx'g] /x]5g\, x'b}gg\ . dnfO{ cfkm}F k|lt klg claZjf;
nfu]/ cfof] . st} d klg kl5 Ho]i7 gful/s ePF
eg] o:t} dltsf] x'g] t xf]Og < ;Defjgf t To:t}
5 x} . •
34 Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

afa' cfdfnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ l;s
!$ cS6f]j/ @)!%, b}lgs ;dfrf/kq UjfGhfp
rLgsf] Pp6f ;f}Gbo{ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ sDkgLn]
p;sf sfdbf/sf] dfl;s tnjsf] s]xL lx:;f
;f]em} pgLx?sf cfdf a'afnfO{ k7fpg] Joj:yf
u/L sfdbf/x?nfO{ cfkm\gf cfdf a'af k|lt
;Ddfg ug{ k|f]T;flxt u/]sf] 5 . vf; u/L o'jf
/ ufpFaf6 zx/ cfO b'Mv u/L cfkm\gf] lzIff k'/f
u/]sf sfdbf/x? o; sDkgLdf sfd ub{5g\ . tLg}
sfdbf/x? dWo]af6 cljjflxtn] cfkm\gf] tnjsf]
!) k|ltzt / ljjflxtn] % k|ltzt cfkm\gf cfdf
a'afnfO{ clgjfo{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ lgod
sDkgLn] agfPsf] 5 . o;} u/L ;g\ @)!# df
rLgn] cfkm\gf cfdf a'afaf6 6f9f a:g] 5f]/f5f]/Ln]
clgjfo{ cfkm\gf cfdf a'afnfO{ af/Daf/ e]6\g hfg'
kg]{ lgod agfPsf] lyof] .
rLgn] Ps dfq aRrf hGdfpg
kfpg] lgod x6fof]
@( cS6f]j/ @)!%, l;Gxf
lrlgofF ;dfrf/ ;+:yf l;Gxfsf cg';f/, ca
b'O{ ;Gtfg hGdfpg rfxfg] lrlgofF bDktLn] s'g}
/f]s6f]s lagf cfkm\gf] OR5f k"/f ug{ kfpg] 5g\ .
vf; u/L a9\bf] hg;ª\Vof lgoGq0fsf] nflu rLgn]
!(&( b]lv s8fO{sf ;fy Ps dfq ;Gtfg hGdfpg
kfpg] lgod NofPsf] lyof] . clxn] cfkm\gf] s'n
hg;ª\Vofsf] #) k|ltzt hg;+Vof %) aif{ eGbf
dfly /x]sf] kl/k|]IfnfO{ cfwf/ agfO vf; sfd ug]{
pd]/ -!%- %(_ aif{sf] hg;+Vof a9fpg] dg;fon]
of] k|0ffnL x6fPsf] b]lvG5 . hGdb/ sd, / cf}ift
cfo' a9L xF'bf b]zdf Ho]i7 gful/ssf] ;ª\Vof
wdfwd al9/x]sf] / pRr lnË cg'kft klg rLgsf]
nflu clxn] of] lgtL cGTosf] sf/s tTj aGof] .
kfsf ;|i6fx?sf] b}lgsL
!) sflt{s @)&@ sflGtk'/ b}lgs
Eff/tsf] u'xf6L, l;nLu'8L, cf;fd,
bfh]{lnª\unfO{ cfkm\gf] sd{ynf] agfO g]kfnL
;flxTosf] ;]jf ug]{ aof]a[4 ;flxTosf/x? x'g\,
xfodgbf; ls/fFt /fO{ -(& aif{_, OGb| axfb'/ /fO{
-*% aif{_, nLn axfb'/ If]qL -*) aif{_, 8f= nSvL
b]jL ;'Gbf; -*) aif{_, bfg vflnª\u -() aif{_ /
uLtf pkfWofo -*) aif{_ . oL ;flxTosf/x? cfh
cfkm\gf] a'9\of}nL pd]/df klg hjfg ;flxTosf/
eGbf sd ;lqmo 5}gg\ . To;}n] ;+;f/sf] h'g;'s}
efudf a:g] g]kfnL ;flxTo k|]dLn] oL gfd k|lt
cfb/efj g/fvL a:g} ;Sb}gg\ . cfkm\gf] hLjgsf]
pQ/fw{df klg olt ;lqmo hLjg ljtfpg] oL d'w{Go
x:tLsf] b}lgsL a[4a[4f dfq x}g hjfgx?sf] nflu
klg sd k|]/0fbfoL 5}g . vf; u/L /rgfTds sfo{n]
dfgl;s / zfl//Ls ;lqmotfnfO{ ;3fP/ :j:Yo
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
35

L3{ hLjgsf] nflu ;xh jftfj/0f agfpFb5 eGg]
of] HjnGt k|df0f xf] . k9\g / n]Vg hfGg]nfO{
/rgfTds sfo{ ug]{ of] Ps t/Lsf xf] eg] k9\g
/ n]Vg ghfGg] a[4a[4fx?n] klg cfkm\gf] nfdf]
hLjgsf] cg'ejdf l;s]sf sf};nnfO{ pkof]u u/L
zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s ?kdf ;lqmo /xL /rgfTds
a'9\of}nL hLjg ljtfpg ;S5g\ .
;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf
a'9fa'9Lx?sf] g[To ;d"x
a]nfotdf ;+;f/sf ;a}eGbf a'9fa'9Lx?sf]
@@ ;b:oLo g[To ;d"x u7g ePsf] 5 . h;df
^* b]lv (^ aif{ ;DDfsf Ho]i7 gful/sx? 5g\ .
o; ;d"xsf] ;'?jft ;g\ @)!@ b]lv ePsf] xf] .
of] ;d"xn] xfn} Go'lhNof08df u/]sf] sfo{qmdsf]
you tube lel8of] s/La !% nfv dflg;x?n]
x]l/;s]sf 5g\ . hir-op-eration gfd lbOPsf]
o; g[To ;d"xsf] k|bz{gn] o'jf k':tfnfO{ klg
cfsif{0f u/]sf] 5 .
http://www.ashishtmagar.com/2015/10/meetworlds
oldest-dance-crew.html
8]d]lG;ofsf] la/fdLsf]
x]/rfx vr{ c? /f]usf
la/fdLsf] eGbf a9L b]lvof]
;g\ @)!% sf] cS6f]j/ @& df k|sflzt Ps
k|ltj]bg cg';f/, laut % aif{sf] cjlwsf] cWoog
ubf{ k|lt 8]d]lG;ofsf] la/fdLsf] x]/rfx vr{ c?
/f]usf la/fdLsf] x]/rfx vr{ eGbf w]/} g} a9L
b]lvPsf] 5 . cd]l/sL ljleGg :jf:Yo / a'9\of}nL
;DaGwL ;+:yfn] k|sfl;t u/]sf] cgnfOg va/df
8]d]lG;ofsf] k|lt la/fdL x]/rfx vr{ c?sf] x]/rfx
vr{ eGbf %& k|ltztn] a9L ePsf] hgfPsf] 5 .
http://www.caregiver.com/articles/alzheimer/health_
care_costs_for_dementia.htm?
k]l/; hnjfo' ;Dd]ng @)!%
sf] ;Gbe{df ljZj g]tfx?nfO{
k|f1x?sf] v'Nnf kq
s'g} s'g} ljifox? g}lts ?kn] olt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g
ls tL ljifox? jf/] Oltxf;sf] s'g} 38Ldf lnOPsf] Pp6f
;xL lg0f{on] b'/ufdL dxTj /fVb5 . a9\bf] e'd08nLo
tfks|d klg To:t} Pp6f ljifo xf] . u/Lj / ljsf;f]Gd'v
/fi6«x? hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf sd lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . t/ hnjfo'
kl/jt{gsf] gsf/fTds c;/n] ltgLx?nfO{ g} j9L k|efj
kfb{5 . cf}Bf}lus /fi6«sf g]tfx?n] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf
jt{dfg kl/0ffdx? / ljutsf] sfj{g pT;h{g kl/0ffdsf]
lhDd]jf/L lng' kb{5 .
cem klg cGt/fli6«o ;d'bfon] e'd08nLo
tfks|dnfO{ @ l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8n] 36fpb} k[YjLnfO{ k"j{
cf}Bf]lus o'usf] lbzf tkm{ n}hfgsf] nflu xl/t UofF;
Go'gLs/0fsf] If]qdf k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfo{ u/]sf]
b]lvb}g . olb /fi6«x?n] sfj{g pT;h{g ;DjlGw
u/]sf cjfWosf/L jfrfx?nfO{ dfq k'/f ug]{ xf] eg]
klg o; ztfAbLsf] cGTo ;Dddf xfdLn] e'd08nLo
tfks|d a[l4nfO{ # l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8df sfod ug{ ;kmn
x'g]5fF} . of] clt b'MvbfoL s'/f xf] ls hnjfo' kl/jt{g
/f]syfdsf If]qdf xfdLn] ul//x]sf sfo{x? o;sf
gsf/fTds k|efjsf] t'ngfdf Hofb} sd 5g\ . olb
o;sf] /f]syfdsf] lgldQ t'?Gt} s]xL sbd grflnPdf
hLjhGt' tyf ag:ktLx?sf hflt k|hftLx?sf] nf]k x'g],
jftfj/0fLo kl/l:ytL vnjlng], jf9L klx/f], clta[li6,
cgfa[li6, hnjfo' ;DalGw ljljw /f]ux? a9\g], ul/jL,
vfB ;'/Iffsf] ;+s6 ;fy} åGb j9\g] lglZrt k|foM
5 . t;y{ xfd|f g]tfx?n] e'd08nLo tfks|d nfO{
!=% l8u|Ldf sfod ug{sf lgldQ ;fdflhs tx xF'b}
ljZjJofkL ?kdf ljz]if kxn sbdL lng cfjZos 5 .
xfdL ljZjsf ljåtju{, cg';Gwfgstf{x? /
j}1flgsx?n] jftfj/0fLo cj:yfsf] ufDeLo{tfnfO{ dgg\
u/]sf 5fF} . xfdL xfd|f] ;d'bfo, efjL k':tf / hLjhGt'x?
k|lt lhDd]jf/ x'g} kb{5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{g /f]syfdsf
nflu xfdL cWoog cWofkg cg';Gwfg dfkm{t cfˆgf]
k|of; hf/L /fVg]5f}F eg] xfd|f g]tfx?nfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g
/f]syfdsf nflu rflng' kg]{ sbdx? t'?Gt} rfNg cg'/f]w
ub{5fF} . ;fy} ;Dk'0f{ dxfg'efjx?nfO{ a9\bf] e"d08nLo
tfks|dsf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf lgldQ cfˆgf
g]tfx?nfO{ vj/bf/L ug{ cfJxfg ub{5f} .
36 Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

76\of}nL
k'ln; — ;fa, lxhf] h]ndf s}bLn] /fdnLnf b]vfP
lg Û
h]n/ — /fd|} eof] t ltdL lsg cflQPsf] <
k'ln; — ;fx]a, h'g s}bL xg'dfg ag]sf]
lyof] p ;+hLjgL a'6L lng uPsf] clxn] ;Dd
cfPs} 5}g .
)
Ps rf]l6 a'9f / a'9L ufpFaf6 5f]/LnfO e]6\g
zx/lt/ nfu]5g\ . gu/a; r9]/ 5f]/Lsf] 3/g]/
k'u]kl5 a;af6 plqP5g\ . plqgf;fy tn em/]/
nf]Ug]n] otfplt x]g{ nfu]sf] b]v]/ a'9Ln] ;f]lw5g\ .
a'9L — x}g, P a'9f ltdLn] s] vf]h]sf] otfptf <
a'9f — d]/f] h'Qf .
a'9L — -crDd dfGb}_ h'Qf < h'Qf t nufPsf
lyof} lg!
a'9f — cl3 a; r9\g] a]nfdf h'Qf vf]n]/ r9]sf]
lyPF clxn] em/]/ ToxL h'Qf vf]h]sf] lg Û
)
Psrf]6L ;/n] /fd nfO ;f]w]5g\ .
;/ — /fd ABCD eg t .
/fd — cfpFb}g ;/ .
;/ — To;f]eP s v u 3 eg g t .
/fd — Tof] klg cfpFb}g ;/ .
;/ — To;f]eP s] cfpF5 t <
/fd — xh'/sf] nÝL b]v]/ kl;gf cfpF5 ;/ .
)
klxnf] k6s sf7df08f} cfPsf] anaxfb'/ 6\ofDkf]
r9]5 . emg]{j]nfdf Pshgf cfOdfO{n] vnf;LnfO{
ef8f lbb} — ‘d}tLb]jL’ elg5g\ .
km]l/ Ps o'jsn] ef8f lbb} — ‘1fg]Zj/’ eg]5 .
clg anaxfb'/n] rflx dgdg}
;f]r]5 ‘sf7df08f}df t ef8f lbbf cfkm\gf] gfd
eGg'kbf]{ /x]5 .’clg anaxfb'/n] klg ef8f lbb} —
‘anaxfb'/’ eg]5 .
)
;+sng — hof l3ld/]
>L ;}lgs cfjf;Lo dxfljBfno
;Nnf3f/L, eStk'/ .
í cfkm\gf] cfdfa'afnfO{ ;fydf /fv]sf] 5', x}g
uj{n] eGg'xf];\ d cfkm\gf cfdfa'af;+u a:b5' .
í a'9fa'9L eP kl5 s] ug{ ;lSbg eg]/
;f]Rg'sf] ;§f s] ug{ ;S5' eGg] ;sf/fTds
;f]rsf] ljsf; u/f}+ .
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
37

:jf:Yo
kl/jf/df
Ho]i7 gful/ssf]
:ofxf/
‘UffF; 5'6f];\ t/ ;fy g5'6f];\’eGg]
;+:sf/af6 ljsl;t ePsf] g]kfnL ;dfhdf
clxn] ljZjAofkLs/0fn] s]xL dfqfdf c;/
u/]sf] kfOG5 . tLg rf/ k':tf Pp6} 5fgf]
d'lg a:g] clg dftf lktfsf] cf1f l;/f]k/ ug]{
kfl/jfl/s agf]6df JolStut lg0f{o xfjL x'g
yfn]kl5 kl/jf/ 6'qmg] qmd z'? eof] . clg
kfl/jfl/s k|utLdf /dfpg] g]kfnL ;dfh
JolStut pGgtLnfO dfq k|fyldstfdf /fVg
yfNof] . h;sf] kl/0ffd a[4 kfl/jfl/s ;b:osf]
hLjg si6s/ aGg yfn]sf] 5 . To;}n] cfhsf]
d'n gf/f g} ‘cfkm\gf kl/jf/sf Ho]i7 ;b:osf
38 Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

;fydf g} a;L pgLx?nfO pgLx?sf] cfaZostf
cg';f/sf] x]/rfx u/f}’ eGg] x'g' kb{5 .
o;}sf/0f oxfF cfkm\gf] kfl/jfl/s ;b:on] g}
pgLx?sf] x]/rfx s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f
k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
;j{k|yd t w]/}h;f] kl/jf/sf Ho]i7 ;b:o
cfkm\gf] JolStut sfd pgLx? cfkm}F ub{5g\ . s]xL
dfq kl/jf/sf Ho]i7 ;b:o cfkm\gf] sfd cfkmF}
ug{ zfl//Ls / dfgl;s ?kn] c;dy{ x'G5g\ /
pgLx?nfO{ kl/jf/sf c? ;b:on] ;xof]u ug'{
kb{5 . o;sf] nflu
‣ Kfl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:on] Ho]i7 gful/ssf]
:ofxf/ ;DaGwL hfgsf/L /fVg' kb{5 .
lsgsL of] sfd s'g} Ps hgfn] ubf{ Ho]i7
gful/ssf] plrt :ofxf/ ;Dej gx'g
;S5 .
‣ Kl/jf/df Ps}hgfn] ;w} :ofxf/ ubf{
:ofxf/ ug]{ AolStnfO{ tgfj x'g], cfkm\gf]
vfglkg / :jf:Yosf] x]/rfx ug{nfO{ ;do
cefj x'g], cfkm\gf] ;fyL efO;+u e]63f6
ug{ gkfpbf PSnf] dx;'; x'g] x'G5 .
;do cefjn] cfk"mn] ul//x]sf] cfly{s
cfo x'g] sfd 5f]8\g' kg]{ x'G5 h;n] ubf{
kl/jf/df cfly{s cefj x'g] x'G5 . To;}n]
Ho]i7 kl/jfl/s ;b:osf] :ofxf/ ;DaGwL
hfgsf/L kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:on] lng clt
cfjZos 5 .
‣ kl/jf/sf Ps hgf ;b:on] Ho]i7 gful/ssf]
:ofxf/ ;DaGwL tflnd lnP kl5 pg}n] 3/sf
afFsL ;b:onfO{ klg of] tflnd 3/df g}
lbg ;Sb5g\ .
‣ xfd|f] g]kfnL ;dfhdf kl/jf/sf a[4,
jfnjflnsf, czSt ;b:osf] :ofxf/ ;';f/
dlxnf ;b:on] dfq ug'{ k5{ eGg] dfGotf
/flvG5, Tof] ;j{yf unt xf] . dlxnf k'?if
;a} kl/jf/sf ;b:on] o; af/]df hfgsf/L
lnO kfn}kfnf] cfkm\gf] Ho]i7 ;b:onfO
cfjZostf cg';f/sf] :ofxf/ ;';f/
ug'{ kb{5 .
‣ o;/L ;a} ;b:on] dfof k|]dn] Ho]i7 kl/jfl/s
;b:osf] cfjZostf cg';f/ :ofxf/ ;';f/
ubf{ Ho]i7 ;b:onfO klg cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ k|lt
;sf/fTds efjgf cfpb5 eg] kl/jf/sf
slgi7 ;b:on] cfkm\gf Ho]i7 ;b:o k|lt
s:tf] Jojxf/ ug'{ kb{5 eg]/ l;Sg]
cj;/ kfpFb5g\ .
‣ o;n] kl/jfl/s aGwg jlnof] x'g] /
/fd|f] ;fdflhs d'No, dfGotf / ;+:sf/sf]
ljsf; x'G5 .
Ho]i7 kfl/jfl/s ;b:osf] x]/rfx ug'{
eg]sf] cfly{s pkfh{g x'g] sfd xf]Og, of]
st{Ao, dfof, k|]d / cfkm\gf] Ho]i7 ;b:o k|ltsf]
s[t1tfaf6 dfq k|]l/t x'G5 . To;}n] g}lts d'No
/ dfGotf a'em\g] / JolStut :jfy{nfO Tofu]sf]
JolStn] dfq of] sfd ug{ ;Sb5 . To;}n]
cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf] Ho]i7 ;b:osf] :ofxf/ ug]{
JolStnfO{ ;dfh / /fi6«n] ;Ddfg ug'{ kb{5 .
ca /fi6«n] o; lsl;dsf] ;fdflhs k'glg{df{0fsf]
g]t[Tj klg lng' kg]{ cfjZostf 68\sf/f] ?kdf b]vf
kl/;s]sf] 5 .
•
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
39

uLt
s'/f ;'Gg' a'9fsf]
lnnfw/ kf08]
sLlt{k'/–#, 6\ofªnfkmfF6
cfuf] tfKg' ufpF3/df d'9fsf]
clt{ ;'Gg' ufpF zx/df a'9fsf] ..
cfh ef]nL a'9f a'9L lsg eP x]nf
5f]/f a'xf/L 3/ a:5g\ a'9L hflG5g\ d]nf ..
Vf;|f] df]6f] a'9f a'9L dL7f] rf]vf] c?
3sf]{ hfxfg\ dL7f] af]nf];\ vfg gb]p a? .
cfuf]==========.
..!..
/fd|f] nfpg dL7f] vfg xfTdf wg 5}g
b'O{rf/\ k};f rfObf v]/L dGdf 5}g r}g ..
a}F; 5Fbf b'Mv u/L df6f] eof] lhp
a'9];sfndf 5f]/f a'xf/L gvf]h x} lgp .
cfuf]=======..
..@..
xfd|f kfnf b'w blx cf6f] lk7f] vfGYof}F
3sf{ hxfg\ ldln h'nL d]nf kft hfGYof}F ..
a'9f a'9L 3/ a;L /vaf/L uy]{
hLjg\ e/L 3sf{ hxfg\ a'9f l;t 8y]{ .
cfuf]========..
..#..
xftdf kf}/v\ 5pGHofn ;a} Oi6 ldq
cfh ef]ln sf]O cfpb}g a:g' k5{ leq ..
?3f vf]sL a9\b} uof] a'9f] x'Fbf v]/L
;f/} kmf]/L a'9f] eof] eGg] u5{g\ x]/L . cfuf]========..
..$..
xf/ vfg sQL x'Gg a'9f a'9L xfdLn]
xfdL leq s] 5}g / b]vfO lbpg\ sfdn] ..
z/L/\ a'9f] eP klg a'l4 a'9f] 5}g
b'Mv ;'v cg'eA5 sQL u? aofg . cfuf]======..
..%..
Kf08Lt\ klg xfdL eof}F 7"nf g]tf xfdL
of] b]zsf sd{rf/L xfdL lyof}F gfdL ..
dhb'/ klg xfdL g} xf] ls;fg\ xnL xfdL
;]gf k'ln;\ xfdL g} xf] b]zsf] OHht\ yfdL ..
a'9f] elg gu/ x]nf
hf]; hfFu/\ cfpg]5 sf]O a]nf ..
..^..
of] b]zsf s0f{wf/ hGdfpg] xfdL
9fs/\ af]sL ef]6af6 g'g af]Sg] xfdL ..
5f]/f5f]/L k9fpg] a9fpg] xfdL
xfd|f kfnf afcfdfsf] a:Yof}F OHht yfdL .
cfuf]=========..
..&..
40 Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

;d;fdlos
ljhof bzdLdf
Ho]i7 gful/s
e"ldbQ kf}8]n
bpaudel063@yahoo.com
ljhofbzdL g]kfndf dgfO{g] dxTjk"0f{
rf8x? dWo]sf] ;a}eGbf w]/} hfthflt, ;d'bfon]
dgfpg] rf8 xf] . em08} () k|ltzt g]kfnLn] of]
rf8 dgfpFb5g\ . dof{bf k'?iff]Qd eujfg /fdn]
/fj0f dfly ljho u/]sf]n] o; lbgnfO{ ljhofbzdL
elgPsf] xf] . o; lbgnfO{ bz}F eg]/ a9L lrlgG5 . o;}
;Gbe{df g]kfn ;+:s[t ljZjljBfnosf k|fWofks
ejfgL k|;fb vltj8fsf cg';f/ ljhof bzdLnfO{
bz}F elgg'sf] cy{ k|ltkbf b]lv bzdL ;Dd bz lbg
x'g] / oL bz lbgdf eujtL hubDjfsf] pkf;gf
ul/g] x'Fbf o;nfO{ bz}F elgPsf] xf] .
bz}Fdf cfkm'eGbf Ho]i7 tyf dfGohgjf6
6Lsf yfk]/ cflzjf{b lng] rng /x]sf] 5 . kl/jf/af6
6f9f /x]sf ;a}hgf cfkm\gf afa' cfdfaf6 cflzaf{b
lng o; cj;/df 3/ cfOk'Ub5g\ . 6Lsfsf] ;'?jft
kl/jf/sf] ;a}eGbf h]7f] ;b:oaf6 ul/G5 . bz}Fdf
Ho]i7 gful/sx? 3/ kl/jf/ / ;dfhaf6 ;Ddflgt
x'g] ub{5g\ . 6Lsf u|x0f hlt a[4 dflg;sf] xftjf6
x'G5 Tolt g} k'0o sdfOg] / pgLx?n] lbPsf]
cflzjf{b nfUg] ljZjf; /x]sf]n] 3/ kl/jf/ eGbf
aflx/sf dflg;x? klg a9L pd]/ ePsf Ho]i7
gful/s;Fu 6Lsf nufO cflzjf{b lng] rng /lx
cfPsf] 5 . o;/L 6Lsf yfKg] kl/jf/sf ;b:o
nufot aflx/af6 cfpg]n] ;Ddfg :j?k Ho]i7
gful/ssf] ?rL, OR5f / pxfFx?nfO{ pkof]udf
cfpg] j:t', kmnkm'n, dL7f dL7f vfg]s'/fsf ;fy}
blIf0ff lbg] ub{5g . bz}F dgfpg] o; ls;Ldsf]
xfd|f] l/tLn] jif{sf] em08} cfwf dlxgf htL
Ho]i7 gful/sx? cfkm\gf kl/jf/sf;fy xfF;L v';L
/dfpg kfpFb5g eg] ;dfhn] lbg] dfg ;Ddfgn]
pgLx?nfO v';L t'NofOlbPsf] x'G5 . c;xfo /
lg;xfo Ho]i7 gful/sx?n] klg PSnf] / c;xfosf]
kL8f e'Ng] cj;/ bz}Fdf kfpFb5g .
Ho]i7 gful/sx?n] g} xfd|f] ;dfhsf] g]t[Tj
lnPsf] kfOG5 . ;f+:s[lts sfo{, l/tLl/jfh / z'e
sfo{x?sf] g]t[Tj tyf yfngL Ho]i7 gful/sx?af6
g} ug]{ xfd|f] k/Dk/fn] of] s'/fsf] k'li6 ub{5 .
cfk\mgf a'9f afa' cfdf tyf a[4a[4fnfO{ b]jtf;/L
dfGg] xfdL g]kfnLsf] ;+:sf/n] jf:tjd} cGo b]zsf
eGbf xfd|f] b]zsf a[4a[4f 3/ kl/jf/ / ;dfhdf
;'/lIft, ;Ddflgt /x]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] xfd|f] oxL
k/Dk/f / ;+:sf/ hf]ufO{ /fVg ;s] dfq klg xfd|f
Ho]i7 gful/sx? ;w}F ;Ddflgt hLjg lhpg
kfpg]5g . •
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
41

:jf:Yo
Ho]i7 gful/s
/
;Gt'lnt ef]hg
z/L/ :j:y 5 eg] dfq of] ;+;f/ / o;sf]
cfgGb cfkm\gf nflu x'G5 . To;}n] k|To]s pd]/
;d"xsf] dflg;n] cfkm\gf] z/L/sf] dfof ug]{,
z/L/nfO :j:y /fVg o;sf] pko'St :ofxf/ ;';f/
ug]{, /f]uaf6 aRg sf]l;z ug]{ clg /f]u nfluxfn]
cf}ifwL ug]{ ul/G5 . t/ k|To]s JolStsf] z/L/sf]
:j:ytf;+u p;sf] vfgfsf] k|ToIf ;DaGw x'G5 .
To;}n] dflg;sf] zfl//Ls / dfgl;s ca:yf, pd]/,
p;sf] b}lgs lqmofsnfk clg vfgf;Fu
;DalGwt x'G5 .
• zfl//Ls / dfgl;s ca:yf M :j:y dflg;
/ laleGg lsl;dsf /f]ux? h:tf] M An8
k|];/, dw'd]x, o'l/s Pl;8 h:tf zfl//Ls
;d:ofsf ;fy} laleGg lsl;dsf dfgl;s
;d:of h:tf] cNhfOd;{ x'g]sf] vfgf caZo
g} km/s x'G5 .
• pd]/ M pd]/n] vfgf / vfgfsf] dfqfnfO
k|ToIf k|efj kfb{5 . afnaflnsf, o'jfo'jtL
/ a[4a[4f oL tLg} pd]/ ;d"xsf JolStx?sf]
vfgf / kf}li6s kbfy{sf] dfqf / lsl;d
km/s x'G5 .
• b}lgs zfl//Ls lqmofsnfk M Ps} pd]/sf
dflg;x? zfl//Ls lqmofsnfk ug]{ / gug]{sf]
klg vfgf / cfaZos Sofnf]/L km/s x'G5 .
*) aif{sf b'O{ Ho]i7 gful/s dWo] lXjn
r]o/df a:g] / 6]jn 6]lg; v]Ng]sf] vfgf
/ Sofnf]/Lsf] dfqf lgZro klg km/s–km/s
x'G5 .
b}lgs vfgfdf kf}li6s kbfy{sf] tfnd]n
ldnfpg] k|of; g]kfnLx?sf] efG5fdf vf;} ul/Psf]
kfOb}g . k9]n]v]sf / hfGg] sxlnPsfx?n] klg
;Gt'lnt ef]hg kl/jf/sf k|To]s ;b:osf]
cfjZostf xf] eGg] ?kdf glnO o;nfO{ w]/}
k};fsf] cfjZostf kg]{ / ;fdfGo dflg;n] Joj:yf
ug{ g;Sg] laifosf] ?kdf lng] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
t/ ;Gt'lnt ef]hg xfdL cfkm\g} :yfgLo vfB
pTkfbgnfO{ ldnfP/ tof/ ug{ ;S5fF} / ltg} vfB
kbfy{sf] dfqfnfO tn dfly u/]/ pd]/ cg';f/sf
nflu ;Gt'lnt ef]hg tof/ ug{ ;S5f}F . t;y{
vfgfaf/] ;fdfGo hfgsf/L x'g] hf] s;}n] klg
cfkm\gf x/]s pd]/ ;d"xsf kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO
pgLx?sf] ?lr / cfjZostf cg';f/sf] pko'St
ef]hg k|To]s 5fs agfpg ;S5g\ .
;Gt'lnt ef]hgaf/] s'/f xF'bf afnaflnsf
/ ue{jtL dlxnf h:tf s]xL vf; cj:yfsf
JolStx?sf] dfq rrf{ ePsf] kfOG5 . t/ Ho]i7
gful/snfO klg pgLx?sf] cj:yf / :jf:Yo cg';f/
vf; lsl;dsf vfgf / ;Gt'lnt ef]hg cfjZos
x'G5 eGg] vf;} ;f]r]sf] kfO{+b}g . a'9fa'9L eg] kl5
h'g;'s} cj:yfsf] eP klg “tftf] / g/d” vfgf
eP k'U5 eGg] dfgl;stf /x]sf] kfOG5, h'g ;j{yf
unt xf] . Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ vfgf agfpFbf ;Gt'lnt
42 Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

:jf:Yo l:ytL larf/ u/]/ vfgf agfpg' cToGt
h?/L x'G5 . dflg; a'9\of}nLdf k|j]z u/]kl5 p;sf]
zfl//Ls / dfgl;s cj:yfdf vf; lsl;dsf]
kl/jt{g cfpb5 . pgLx?sf] bfFt sdhf]/ x'Gf],
d'vdf /\ofn sd cfpg], lha|f]df :jfb sf]lifsf
x/fpg] x'G5 . h;sf] sf/0f rkfpg ;lhnf] / g/d
clg cfjZos kf}li6s kbfy{o'St vfgf cfjZos
x'g'sf] ;fy} sdhf]/ kfrg k|0ffnL x'g] ePsf]n]
;lhn} kRg] lsl;dsf] x'g' kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} pd]/s}
sf/0fn] sltko Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ :yfoL lsl;dsf
/f]ux? h:tf] M pRr /Strfk, SofG;/, d'6'sf] /f]u,
dw'd]x cflb klg b]lvGf ;S5g\ . oL /f]ux?df s'g}
lsl;dsf vfgf alh{t / s'g} clt cfjZos x'G5g\ .
To;}n] Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ ;Gt'lnt ef]hg lbg'k5{
t/ ;fjwfgL ckgfpg' klg Tolts} cfjZos 5 .
pd]/ ;Fu;Fu} zfl//Ls lqmofsnfk sd x'b}
hfg] ePsf]n] vfgf kf}li6s kbfy{o'St t/ Sofnf]/L
sd ePsf] x'g' k5{ . To;}n] %) aif{ pd]/ b]lv g}
k|To]s dflg;n] cfkm\gf] vfgfdf Sofnf]/L 36fpb}
n}hfg' k5{ .
To;}n] s'kf]if0f, sd tf}n / laleGg /f]u nfUg]
vt/f sd ug{sf] nfluxf];\ jf nflu;s]sf] 5 eg]
a9\g] vt/f 36fpgnfO xf];\ kf}li6s / ;Gt'lnt
ef]hg vfg' k5{ eGg] 1fg Ho]i7 gful/s :jo+ /
Ho]i7 gful/ssf] :ofxf/ ug]{nfO{ klg x'g' kb{5 .
%) aif{ eGbf dflysf] dlxnfsf] nflu rflxg] Sofnf]/L
‣ !^)) Sofnf]/L, zfl//Ls kl/>d Psbd} sd
ug]{sf] nflu .
‣ !*)) Sofnf]/L, zfl//Ls kl/>d ;fdfGo
lsl;dsf] ug]{sf] nflu .
‣ @!)) - @@)) Sofnf]/L, zfl//Ls kl/>d
pRr ug]{sf nflu .
%) aif{ eGbf dflysf] k'?ifsf] nflu cfjZos Sofnf]/L
‣ @))) Sofnf]/L, zfl//Ls kl/>d Psbd} sd
ug]{sf] nflu .
‣ @@)) - @$)) Sofnf]/L, zfl//Ls kl/>d
;fdfGo lsl;dsf] ug]{sf] nflu .
‣ @$)) - @*)) Sofnf]/L, zfl//Ls kl/>d
pRr ug]{sf nflu .
o;/L rflxg] Sofnf]/L laleGg lsl;dsf
vfgfnfO{ kfFr ;d"xdf laefhg u/L
ltgLx?af6 cfjZos dfqfdf lng ;lsG5 .
b}lgs s'g} g s'g} ?kdf oL vfgfnfO{ cfkm\gf]
ef]hgdf ;dfa]z ug{ ;s] Tof] ;Gt'lnt
ef]hg x'g hfG5 .
cGg lsl;d M ljleGg lsl;dsf] cGgx?
h'g leGg lsl;sf] 7fpF / xfjfkfgL cg';f/
km/s km/s pAhG5 . h:tf] M t/fO{df wfg
a9L pTkfbg x'G5 eg] kxf8df sf]bf], ds}
a9L pTkfbg x'G5, clg lxdfndf hf}, kmfk/
x'G5 . logLx?nfO cfjZos dfqfdf ldnfP/
;Gt'lnt ef]hg tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
;fu;AhL M of] ;a} lsl;dsf Ho]i7
gful/snfO clt cfjZos x'G5 / of] klg
xfd|f] b]zsf] xfjfkfgL, 7fpF cg';f/ km/s
km/s kfOg] sf/0fn] ltgLx?nfO ldnfP/
k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
kmnk"mn M zfl//Ls, dfgl;s / cfkm\gf]
:jf:YonfO /fd|f] agfpg b}lgs kmnk"mn lng
cfjZos x'G5 / of] klg cfkm\gf] :yfgLo
pTkfbgnfO k|of]u u/L lng ;lsG5 .
b'Uw kbfy{ M b'w, bxL, df]xL nufotsf
vfgf o;df kb{5g\ . logLx?nfO cfkm\gf]
:jf:Yo, ?lr k|fKotf cg';f/ ldnfP/ k|of]u
ug{ ;lsG5 .
df5f, df;' M o;df df5f, df;', c08f cflb
kb{5g . cfkm\gf] :yfgLo pTkfbgsf ;fy}
af];f] sd ePsf]nfO a9L k|fyldstfdf /fVg'
pQd x'G5 .
•
Ho]i7 gful/s ePsf]df uj{ u/f} .
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i6 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
43

Pp6f a'9f]sf] ;kgf
Psb[li6
Lea Frei
-l:j; gful/s_
leafrei@bluemail.ch
e'sDk uPsf] nueu cfwf aif{ lalt;Sbf
klg o;sf k/fsDkg cg'ej ug{ 5fl8Psf]
5}g . To;/L g} e'sDkn] lbPsf zfl//Ls /
dfgl;s 3fpx? klg el/g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
o;} l;nl;nfdf w]/} Ho]i7 gful/sx?
3/af/ laxLg eO cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ 3/ ufpF
5f]8\g' kbf{ dfgl;s ?kn] c;fWo} b'MvL
5g\ . of] syf klg oxL e'sDk lk8Lt Ho]i7
gful/ssf] xf] . a}zfv !@ ut]sf] e'sDk eGbf
klxn] l;Gw'kfNrf]s lgjf;L *^ aifL{o gf]a'{
z]kf{ k];fn] ls;fg lyP . pd]/n] aof]a[4
cj:yfsf eP klg cfkm\gf] v]tL ls;fgLdf
c;fWo} hfFul/nf pgL ca km]/L cfkm\gf] hLjg
a}zfv !@ cufl8 h:tf] xf]nf ls g xf]nf egL
;f]lr/x]sf 5g\ . e'sDksf] sf/0fn] uf]8fdf
rf]6 nfu]sf pgL /fd|/L lx88'n ug{ ;Sb}gg\ .
kl/jf/ klg 3/ elTsP/ kfndf al;/x]sfn]
pgL clxn] Hope Hermitage Nepal
sf7df8f}df a:b5g\ . t/ pgL kl/jf/;+u
e]6]/ km]/L ToxL hfFul/nf] gf]a'{ z]kf{ eP/ afFRg]
cfzdf 5g\ . •
https://nepalcalling.wordpress.com/2015/09/30/an-oldmans-dream/
44 Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@

:jf:Yo
;+uLt /
cNhfOd;{
xf8 / 5fnfn] ag]sf] of] dfgj z/L/df
efjgf eg]{ sfd ;+uLtn] ub{5 . h;/L efjgf
lagfsf] dflg; x'b}g To;/L g} ;+uLtn] g5'g] klg
dflg; x'b}g . ;+uLt eGgfn] ufpg', jfBjfbg ug'{,
gfRg' OTofbL ;a} kb{5g\ . xfdLn] ug]{ ;fdflhs,
wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts h'g;'s} sfo{df ;+uLtn] g}
k"0f{tf lbG5 . ;+uLtn] g} dflg; dflg; aLrsf]
efjgfTds ;DaGwnfO alnof] agfpF5 .
To;}n] hLjgnfO hLjGt kfg{ ;+;f/sf k|To]s
JolSt laleGGf lsl;dsf ;+uLt ;'G5g\ / cfgGbsf]
cg'e"lt ub{5g\ . ;+uLtsf] ;DaGw efjgf;+u x'g]
ePsfn] o;n] dgf]/+hg, dgf]ljgf]b cyjf dgnfO
cfgGbLt kfg]{ sfd ub{5 . dg / dl:tissf] ;Lwf
;DaGw x'g] ePsfn] g} dgnfO cfgGbLt kfg'{
eg]s} dl:tisnfO klg cfgGbLt kfg'{ xf] .
ljleGg cWoogaf6 ;+uLtn] a'9];sfnsf]
dfgl;s ;d:ofsf] ?kdf /x]sf] cNhfOd;{ /f]unfO{
k|ToIf kmfObf k'Ug] b]lvPsf] 5 . cNhfOd;{n] vf;
u/L :d/0f zlSt / ;f]Rg] Ifdtfdf qmdz: x|f;
Nofpg] ub{5 . jf:tjdf ;+uLt g} pkrf/ t
xf]Og t/ o;n] dgsf] pbf;L x6fpg ;xof]u u/L
pkrf/nfO k|ToIf kmfObf rfFlx cjZo k'¥ofp5 .
vf; u/L cNhfOd;{af6 k|efljt JolStnfO
pgLx?n] dgk/fpg] ;+uLt ;'Gg lbbf pgLx?sf]
;Demg] zlSt kms{g d2t k'Ug], laleGg efjgfTds
Jojxf/ b]vfpg ;Sg] clg s]xL dfqfdf dfgl;s
lqmofsnfkx? klg b]vfpg ;Sg] lsl;dsf kmfObf
ePsf] kfOG5 . ;+uLt ;'Gg] clg cfk"mn] hfg]sf
jfBoGq ahfpg] h:tf lqmofsnfksf] ;f]emf] c;/
lbdfudf kb{5 eg]/ w]/} cWoogstf{x?sf] egfO
/x]sf] kfOG5 . h:t}– ;+lutn]
‣ Ps lsl;dsf] efjgfTds ;+j]u k}bf ub{5
h;sf] ;Lwf c;/ lbdfudf x'G5, h'g c? s'g}
lsl;dsf] lqmofsnfk / cf}ifwLn] ug{ ;Sb}g .
‣ cNhfOd;{sf lj/fdLnfO cfgGb lng / ;xL
t/Lsfn] sfd ug{ ;+lutn] s]xL dfqfdf
;3fp k'¥ofpF5 eGg] dfGotf ;f]wstf{x?sf]
/x]sf] 5 .
‣ ;+uLt cg';f/ ufpbf lbdfusf] b]a|]lt/sf]
efu ;lqmo x'g] ePsf]n] dfgl;s ;lqmotfdf
a9f]Q/L x'G5 .
‣ cNhfOd;{ kmfpG8];g cd]l/sfsf cg';f/
;+uLt ;'Gg' / u'g u'gfpg' cNhfOd;{sf
la/fdLx?sf nflu cToGTo nfebfos x'G5 .
kmfpG8];gn] atfP cg';f/ jf:tjdf ;+uLt
cNhfOd;{ lkl8tsf] nflu /f]usf] z'?,
dWo / cGTo h'g;'s} cj:yfsf] nflu klg
nfebfos x'G5 .
•
c;f]h÷sflQs cÍ –@)&@ Ho]i7 gful/s -å}dfl;s klqsf_
45

;dfrf/
hLjg ;fyL ;Dd]ng
‘c;n ;fyLsf] ;fyn] nfdf]
ofqfnfO{ klg 5f]6f] agfpFb5’
eGg] efjgfsf ;fy ‘/f]6/L Snj
ckm\ d'DaO’ sf] cfof]hgfdf bf]>f]
hLjg ;fyL ;Dd]ng x'g uO/x]sf]
5 . o;df %) aif{ eGbf dflysf
cljjflxt, hLjg ;fyLsf] d[To' eP/
jf sfg"gL ?kdf hLjg ;fyL;Fu
5'l§Psf Psn hLjg latfO{ /x]sf
dlxnf cyjf k'?ifn] #) gf]e]Da/
@)!% ;DDf cfof]hsn] pknAw
u/fPsf] kmf/d e/L k7fO;Sg' kg]{
5 . h'g;'s} hflt, lnË, wd{, efiff,
ljrf/, ;d'bfo, zfl//Ls cj:yf
/ h'g;'s} e'-efudf jf;:yfg
ePsf JolStn] http://www.karmayog.
in/events/sites/default/files/FORM%20
Senior%20Citizens%20Jeevan%20Saathi%20
Samelan%20Rotary%20Silver%20
Innings%20Dec%202015.docx df
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>f]t M Silver Innings
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