Family Medicine
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World Book of Family Medicine – European Edition 2015 How healthcare professionals are paid can vary and this can affect the healthcare system’s ability to contain costs and deliver high quality care. Thinking specifically about primary care, for example, family doctors can be salaried, paid through fee-for-service or by capitation – or a blend of all three payment methods. In the most basic sense, salary and capitation payments are often less costly than fee-for-service and in particular in the case of capitation may promote preventive work. However they can lead to doctors over-delegating and under-providing services. Meanwhile fee-forservice places the financial risk on the payer and may potentially increase ‘unnecessary’ activities. Performance-based pay is also often used, which involves paying doctors or groups of doctors for achieving targets on quality indicators. This may lead to improved attention to quality domains, but can also lead to surrogate end points, neglect of non-quality indicators and may disturb the doctor-patient relationship. There are, of course, more incentives than just money. Providers can be incentivised by professional development, clinical guidelines, utilisation reviews, targets, public disclosure, ethics and of course an intrinsic desire to do good! Payments can modify behaviour, but mechanisms to create more incentives generally have greater administrative costs. Their merits depend on the context in which they are made. Take Home Messages – Finding the Right ‘Blend’ Archetypal models and methods generally ignore the complexity of healthcare system financing and conceal similarities and differences. It is unlikely to find a system that, for example, uses tax contributions solely to fund healthcare and reimburses providers using solely capitation-based payments. Most systems in Europe now blend methods to collect, pool and spend healthcare funds. In order to achieve the policy goals of any healthcare system blended methods of financing are needed to balance the drawbacks of purist methodologies and to align incentives. The input of family doctors as advocates for their patients and as front-line health professionals is important to help find the right blend in each context to meet the desired goals of their healthcare system. Original Abstract www.woncaeurope.org/content/ws07-do-you-understand-how-your-health-system-works-beveridge-bismarck-whistle-stop-tour-2 WONCA Europe Vienna 2012 In a packed room during the 2012 WONCA Europe conference in Vienna, this workshop set out to provide participants with a framework to compare their own healthcare systems. It was picked up in a column by RCGP chair at the time, Prof Claire Gerada (1), reported in a blog for the London School of Economics and Political Science (2), and the full presentation (available on Prezi) has over 3000 views (3). References 1. http://email.rcgp.org.uk/rp/440/process.clsp? EmailId=139125&Token=29A76D1D621057493A98ECFE1394744DC&utm_campaign=RCGP_Update_| _4_November_2011&utm_medium=Email&utm_source=CM_RCGP 2. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/healthandsocialcare/2012/07/10/how-does-your-health-system-work-a-workshop-at-the-woncaeurope-conference-2012/ 3. https://prezi.com/ba6bcwlco-ge/from-beveridge-to-bismarck-a-whistle-stop-tour-of-european-health-systems/ 96
World Book of Family Medicine – European Edition 2015 Francine Lemire, MD CM, CCFP, FCFP fl@cfpc.ca 30 – The Transition from CME to CPD - Fostering Good Practice Through Education Francine Lemire, MD CM, CCFP, FCFP Co-authors Marlow, Bernard; Rock, Susan; Meuser, Jamie Introduction The College of Family Physicians of Canada is a voluntary organization of Family Physicians, which makes CME/CPD mandatory. Over ninety percent of its members have obtained Certification, which is an indicator of special competence in the discipline of Family Medicine. In 1997, the CFPC introduced Mainpro-C activities, which aim to have more of an impact on practice than traditional CME, by encouraging physicians to reflect on the impact of the learning on their practice. It is well recognized that the determinants of good practice go far beyond disease management and the role of clinical expert. We utilized eight identified physician roles: medical expert, communicator, collaborator, health advocate, learner, manager (gatekeeper), scholar, and "physician as person", as a model consistent with good practice and meeting societal needs. Currently, Medical Regulatory authorities in Canada are reviewing the integration of a physician's CPD/CME portfolio as a component of revalidation of licensure. In this study, we will review the past Mainpro-C activities of our members based on the identified physician roles. From CME to CPD in a Regulatory Context of Physician Practice Improvement The College of Family Physicians of Canada is responsible for the accreditation of postgraduate residency programmes in family medicine in each of Canada’s 17 faculties of medicine. It is responsible for the creation and administration of examinations leading to Certification in Family Medicine and a Certificate of Special Competence in Emergency Medicine. It is also responsible for setting the criteria for Maintenance of Certification, and for supporting all family physicians in their commitment to lifelong learning. Since 2007, most medical regulatory authorities are mandating that physicians demonstrate such commitment through participation in an accredited programme of continuing Professional Development (CPD) by either the CFPC or the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) for specialties other than family medicine. 97
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World Book of <strong>Family</strong> <strong>Medicine</strong> – European Edition 2015<br />
Francine Lemire, MD CM, CCFP, FCFP<br />
fl@cfpc.ca<br />
30 – The Transition from CME to CPD - Fostering Good Practice Through Education<br />
Francine Lemire, MD CM, CCFP,<br />
FCFP<br />
Co-authors<br />
Marlow, Bernard; Rock, Susan;<br />
Meuser, Jamie<br />
Introduction<br />
The College of <strong>Family</strong> Physicians of Canada is a voluntary organization of <strong>Family</strong><br />
Physicians, which makes CME/CPD mandatory. Over ninety percent of its members<br />
have obtained Certification, which is an indicator of special competence in the<br />
discipline of <strong>Family</strong> <strong>Medicine</strong>. In 1997, the CFPC introduced Mainpro-C activities,<br />
which aim to have more of an impact on practice than traditional CME, by<br />
encouraging physicians to reflect on the impact of the learning on their practice. It is<br />
well recognized that the determinants of good practice go far beyond disease<br />
management and the role of clinical expert. We utilized eight identified physician<br />
roles:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
medical expert,<br />
communicator,<br />
collaborator,<br />
health advocate,<br />
learner,<br />
manager (gatekeeper),<br />
scholar,<br />
and "physician as person",<br />
as a model consistent with good practice and meeting societal needs. Currently,<br />
Medical Regulatory authorities in Canada are reviewing the integration of a<br />
physician's CPD/CME portfolio as a component of revalidation of licensure. In this<br />
study, we will review the past Mainpro-C activities of our members based on the<br />
identified physician roles.<br />
From CME to CPD in a Regulatory Context of Physician Practice<br />
Improvement<br />
The College of <strong>Family</strong> Physicians of Canada is responsible for the accreditation of<br />
postgraduate residency programmes in family medicine in each of Canada’s 17<br />
faculties of medicine. It is responsible for the creation and administration of<br />
examinations leading to Certification in <strong>Family</strong> <strong>Medicine</strong> and a Certificate of Special<br />
Competence in Emergency <strong>Medicine</strong>. It is also responsible for setting the criteria for<br />
Maintenance of Certification, and for supporting all family physicians in their<br />
commitment to lifelong learning. Since 2007, most medical regulatory authorities are<br />
mandating that physicians demonstrate such commitment through participation in an<br />
accredited programme of continuing Professional Development (CPD) by either the<br />
CFPC or the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) for<br />
specialties other than family medicine.<br />
97