Family Medicine

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World Book of Family Medicine – European Edition 2015 the issue of healthcare in the Roma communities. In some cases, their culture still contains beliefs about health and healthcare with which health workers may not be familiar. Vivian and Dundes emphasized that health care workers frequently make the mistake of assuming that all Roma patients have basic medical knowledge and accept the standards of the country’s medical system. The hierarchy of the Roma family and gender distinction in seeking out medical assistance plays a vital role in the communication with medical workers. Usually, the family elder makes conversation, decides on family decisions, and ensures that younger family members co-operate with doctors and other medical workers. An understanding of the culture, traditions, and values of the Roma is of great importance if health professionals wish to understand and assist these people. The general health of the Roma people is substantially worse than that of the majority population, with poor compliance with preventive activities and vaccinations. Different Studies show that the Roma have a high prevalence of a variety of diseases, for example: smoking, metabolic syndrome with type 2 diabetes, respiratory diseases, mental health problems and increased cardiovascular mortality compared with the general population. The health of the Roma is strongly related to their socio-economic situation, associated inadequate living conditions and infrastructure of their homes. Their health problems are also linked to inadequate hygiene conditions and poverty, which in turn leads to decreased lifespan, increased risk of illness, and chronic diseases. A Hungarian study that compared the health status of the general population with that of the Roma community and a Serbian study that examined sexually transmitted diseases identified the need for a specific public healthcare approach in the Roma community that includes health education and promotion of a healthy lifestyle. Similar findings have been established by Croatian researchers, who concluded their study by recommending the planning of a public healthcare approach in socially marginalized and economically disadvantaged communities such as the Roma. However, overall life quality of the Roma has improved over the last few decades. Today the remaining problems of the Roma (including in Slovenia) include: socio-economic conditions (mainly affected by education and employment), social exclusion, and in some cases, misunderstanding with the local people. While health care is largely free in Slovenia, obstacles for the Roma population relate more to certain special medications and hospital-related fees, especially for those Roma who do not hold compulsory health insurance. As with any ethnic minority, the Roma need special consideration from the social and healthcare systems. It is important that the healthcare system recognises and deals with the requirements of this population. This is, however, difficult if the Roma attitudes and beliefs towards healthcare are not taken into account. Numerous studies have taken into account ethnicity and culture as important variables in the exploration of marginalized ethnic communities’ relationship to health and healthcare. Considering inequalities and the special needs of the population, this variable is important in analysing attitudes of ethnic and ethnic minorities towards the health and healthcare services. Over the last few decades, numerous qualitative and quantitative studies have raised the issue of the Roma population and their attitudes towards health and healthcare services in the US, some West European countries, CEE countries, and the former Yugoslav republics including Slovenia. Take Home Messages Culture, customs and socio-economic situations affect minority groups' relationship towards health and healthcare services Only with knowledge and improved communication, we can together develop the health for marginalized populations Original Abstract http://www.woncaeurope.org/content/40-pa-assessing-health-needs-hard-reach-groups References Van Cleemput P, Parry G, Thomas K, Peters J, Cooper C. Health-related beliefs and experiences of Gypsies and travellers: a qualitative study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007; 61:205–10. Koupilová I, Epstein H, Holcík J, Haijoff S, McKee M. Health needs of the Roma population in the Czech and Slovak republics. Soc Sci Med. 2001; 53:1191–1204. Zeman CL, Depken DE, Senchina DS. Roma health issues: a review of the literature and discussion. Ethnicity and Health. 2003; 8(3):223–49. Niksić D, Kurspahić-Mujcić A. The presence of health-risk behaviour in Roma families. Bosn J Basic Med. Sci. 2007; 7:144–9. 136
World Book of Family Medicine – European Edition 2015 Vivian C, Dundes L. The crossroads of culture and health among the Roma (Gypsies). J Nurs Scholarsh. 2004; 36(1):86–91. Pavlič D, Zelko E, Kersnik J, Lolić V. Health beliefs and practices among Slovenian Roma and their response to febrile illnesses: a qualitative study. Zdrav Var. 2011; 503:169–74. Kósa Z, Széles G, Kardos L, Kosa K, Nemeth R, Orszagh S. A comparative health survey of the inhabitants of Roma settlements in Hungary. Am J Public Health. 2007; 97(5):853–9. Serrano Rodriguez N, Rodriguez Derecho N. Health and the Roma community, analysis of its situation in Europe: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain. Madrid: Efixini Poli. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/justice/discrimination/files/roma_health_en.pdf 137
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Family Medicine

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