Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 2 ■ ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW 53 Total System Global Area 113246208 bytes Fixed Size 777952 bytes Variable Size 61874464 bytes Database Buffers 50331648 bytes Redo Buffers 262144 bytes SQL> !ps -aef | grep ora10g ora10g 4173 4151 0 13:33 pts/0 00:00:00 -su ora10g 4368 4173 0 14:09 pts/0 00:00:00 sqlplus as sysdba ora10g 4404 1 0 14:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_ora10g ora10g 4406 1 0 14:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_ora10g ora10g 4408 1 0 14:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ora10g ora10g 4410 1 0 14:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ora10g ora10g 4412 1 0 14:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ora10g ora10g 4414 1 0 14:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_ora10g ora10g 4416 1 0 14:18 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_ora10g ora10g 4418 1 0 14:18 ? 00:00:00 oracleora10g (...) ora10g 4419 4368 0 14:18 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c ps -aef | grep ora10g ora10g 4420 4419 0 14:18 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -aef ora10g 4421 4419 0 14:18 pts/0 00:00:00 grep ora10g Additionally, ipcs is, for the first time, reporting the use of shared memory and semaphores—two important interprocess communication devices on UNIX: SQL> !ipcs -a ------ Shared Memory Segments -------- key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status 0x99875060 458760 ora10g 660 115343360 8 ------ Semaphore Arrays -------- key semid owner perms nsems 0xf182650c 884736 ora10g 660 34 ------ Message Queues -------- key msqid owner perms used-bytes messages SQL> Note that we have no “database” yet. We have a name of a database (in the parameter file we created), but no database whatsoever. It we tried to “mount” this database, then it would fail because it quite simply does not yet exist. Let’s create it. I’ve been told that creating an Oracle database involves quite a few steps, but let’s see: SQL> create database; Database created. That is actually all there is to creating a database. In the real world, however, we would use a slightly more complicated form of the CREATE DATABASE command because we would need to tell Oracle where to put the log files, data files, control files, and so on. But here we now have a
54 CHAPTER 2 ■ ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW fully operational database. We would need to run the $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql script and other catalog scripts to build the rest of the data dictionary we use every day (the views we use such as ALL_OBJECTS are not yet present in this database), but we have a database here. We can use a simple query against some Oracle V$ views, specifically V$DATAFILE, V$LOGFILE, and V$CONTROLFILE, to list the files that make up this database: SQL> select name from v$datafile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /home/ora10g/dbs/dbs1ora10g.dbf /home/ora10g/dbs/dbx1ora10g.dbf SQL> select member from v$logfile; MEMBER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /home/ora10g/dbs/log1ora10g.dbf /home/ora10g/dbs/log2ora10g.dbf SQL> select name from v$controlfile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /home/ora10g/dbs/cntrlora10g.dbf SQL> Oracle used defaults to put everything together and created a database as a set of persistent files. If we close this database and try to open it again, we’ll discover that we can’t: SQL> alter database close; Database altered. SQL> alter database open; alter database open * ERROR at line 1: ORA-16196: database has been previously opened and closed An instance can mount and open at most one database in its life. We must discard this instance and create a new one in order to open this or any other database. To recap, • An instance is a set of background processes and shared memory. • A database is a collection of data stored on disk. • An instance can mount and open only a single database, ever. • A database may be mounted and opened by one or more instances (using RAC).
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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■SETTING UP YOUR ENVIRONMENT xxvi
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■SETTING UP YOUR ENVIRONMENT xxix
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■SETTING UP YOUR ENVIRONMENT xxxi
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■SETTING UP YOUR ENVIRONMENT xxxv
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■SETTING UP YOUR ENVIRONMENT xlii
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CHAPTER 1 ■ ■ ■ Developing Su
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 103 Password Fi
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 105 USER is "SY
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 107 Flashback L
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 109 of the requ
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 111 IMPDP, howe
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 113 tkyte@ORA10
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CHAPTER 4 ■ ■ ■ Memory Struct
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CHAPTER 4 ■ MEMORY STRUCTURES 117
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CHAPTER 5 ■ ■ ■ Oracle Proces
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CHAPTER 5 ■ ORACLE PROCESSES 157
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CHAPTER 6 ■ ■ ■ Locking and L
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CHAPTER 6 ■ LOCKING AND LATCHING
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CHAPTER 7 ■ ■ ■ Concurrency a
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CHAPTER 7 ■ CONCURRENCY AND MULTI
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CHAPTER 8 ■ ■ ■ Transactions
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CHAPTER 8 ■ TRANSACTIONS 257 •
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CHAPTER 8 ■ TRANSACTIONS 259 So,
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CHAPTER 8 ■ TRANSACTIONS 261 X --
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CHAPTER 8 ■ TRANSACTIONS 263 “s
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CHAPTER 8 ■ TRANSACTIONS 265 busi
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CHAPTER 8 ■ TRANSACTIONS 267 Many
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CHAPTER 8 ■ TRANSACTIONS 269 ops$
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CHAPTER 8 ■ TRANSACTIONS 271 last
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CHAPTER 8 ■ TRANSACTIONS 273 Dist
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CHAPTER 8 ■ TRANSACTIONS 275 Auto
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CHAPTER 8 ■ TRANSACTIONS 277 3 Au
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CHAPTER 8 ■ TRANSACTIONS 279 5 pr
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CHAPTER 8 ■ TRANSACTIONS 281 scot
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284 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO cri
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286 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO Fir
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288 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO The
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290 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO We
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292 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO Wha
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294 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO row
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296 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO If
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298 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO ops
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300 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO Inv
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302 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO The
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304 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO 41
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306 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO ins
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308 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO So,
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314 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO •
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316 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO ...
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318 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO •
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320 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO bac
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322 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO As
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326 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO wil
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328 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO Thi
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332 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO Whe
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334 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO Tha
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336 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO tou
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338 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATABASE TABLES
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CHAPTER 11 ■ ■ ■ Indexes Inde
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 423 value of
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 425 One of t
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 427 We then
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 429 we ended
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 431 The data
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 433 if ( (++
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 435 Table 11
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 437 When Sho
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 439 an 8KB b
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 441 select *
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 445 Indicate
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 447 an index
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 449 Table 11
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 451 9 1, 'M'
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 453 column w
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 455 Bitmap j
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 457 INSERT a
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 459 7 l_last
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 461 ops$tkyt
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 463 If we co
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 467 Caveat o
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 471 Frequent
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 475 If you s
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 477 we’ll
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 479 Predicat
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 485 This dem
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CHAPTER 12 ■ ■ ■ Datatypes Ch
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 491 • TI
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 493 (in th
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 499 Table
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 505 • BI
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 507 NUMBER
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 509 MSG NU
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 511 They a
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 513 ■Not
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 515 Coping
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 517 Note t
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 521 Format
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 527 month
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 529 DT2-DT
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 535 Since
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 541 suppor
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 543 Concep
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 547 buffer
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 549 Note t
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 551 13 dbm
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 553 equall
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CHAPTER 12 ■ DATATYPES 555 ROWID/
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CHAPTER 13 ■ ■ ■ Partitioning
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 559 6 (
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 561 els
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 563 BIG
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 565 Enh
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 567 Tab
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 569 tha
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 571 PAR
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 599 imp
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 601 OLT
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 605 Sur
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 607 On
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 609 Row
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 611 So,
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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 613 Aud
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CHAPTER 14 ■ ■ ■ Parallel Exe
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CHAPTER 14 ■ PARALLEL EXECUTION 6
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CHAPTER 15 ■ DATA LOADING AND UNL
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706 ■INDEX autonomous transaction
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Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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