Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 15 ■ DATA LOADING AND UNLOADING 693 10 p_mode = REPLACE|APPEND|TRUNCATE -- how to reload the data 11 p_dir = directory we will write the ctl and dat file to. 12 p_filename = name of file to write to. I will add .ctl and .dat 13 to this name 14 p_separator = field delimiter. I default this to a comma. 15 p_enclosure = what each field will be wrapped in 16 p_terminator = end of line character. We use this so we can unload 17 and reload data with newlines in it. I default to 18 "|\n" (a pipe and a newline together) and "|\r\n" on NT. 19 You need only to override this if you believe your 20 data will have that sequence in it. I ALWAYS add the 21 OS "end of line" marker to this sequence, you should not 22 */ 23 function run( p_query in varchar2, 24 p_tname in varchar2, 25 p_mode in varchar2 default 'REPLACE', 26 p_dir in varchar2, 27 p_filename in varchar2, 28 p_separator in varchar2 default ',', 29 p_enclosure in varchar2 default '"', 30 p_terminator in varchar2 default '|' ) 31 return number; 32 end; 33 / Package created. Note the use of AUTHID CURRENT_USER. This permits this package to be installed once in a database and used by anyone to unload data. All the person needs is SELECT privileges on the table(s) he wants to unload and EXECUTE privileges on this package. If we did not use AUTHID CURRENT_USER in this case, then the owner of this package would need direct SELECT privileges on all tables to be unloaded. ■Note The SQL will execute with the privileges of the invoker of this routine. However, all PL/SQL calls will run with the privileges of the definer of the called routine; therefore, the ability to use UTL_FILE to write to a directory is implicitly given to anyone with execute permission on this package. The package body follows. We use UTL_FILE to write a control file and a data file. DBMS_SQL is used to dynamically process any query. We use one datatype in our queries: a VARCHAR2(4000). This implies we cannot use this method to unload LOBs, and that is true if the LOB is greater than 4,000 bytes. We can, however, use this to unload up to 4,000 bytes of any LOB using DBMS_LOB.SUBSTR. Additionally, since we are using a VARCHAR2 as the only output data type, we can handle RAWs up to 2,000 bytes in length (4,000 hexadecimal characters), which is sufficient for everything except LONG RAWs and LOBs. Additionally, any query that references a nonscalar
694 CHAPTER 15 ■ DATA LOADING AND UNLOADING attribute (a complex object type, nested table, and so on) will not work with this simple implementation. The following is a 90 percent solution, meaning it solves the problem 90 percent of the time. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> create or replace package body unloader 2 as 3 4 5 g_theCursor integer default dbms_sql.open_cursor; 6 g_descTbl dbms_sql.desc_tab; 7 g_nl varchar2(2) default chr(10); 8 These are some global variables used in this package body. The global cursor is opened once, the first time we reference this package, and it will stay open until we log out. This avoids the overhead of getting a new cursor every time we call this package. The G_DESCTBL is a PL/SQL table that will hold the output of a DBMS_SQL.DESCRIBE call. G_NL is a newline character. We use this in strings that need to have newlines embedded in them. We do not need to adjust this for Windows—UTL_FILE will see the CHR(10) in the string of characters and automatically turn that into a carriage return/linefeed for us. Next, we have a small convenience function used to convert a character to hexadecimal. It uses the built-in functions to do this: 9 10 function to_hex( p_str in varchar2 ) return varchar2 11 is 12 begin 13 return to_char( ascii(p_str), 'fm0x' ); 14 end; 15 Finally, we create one more convenience function, IS_WINDOWS, that returns TRUE or FALSE depending on if we are on the Windows platform, and therefore the end of line is a twocharacter string instead of the single character it is on most other platforms. We are using the built-in DBMS_UTILITY function, GET_PARAMETER_VALUE, which can be used to read almost any parameter. We retrieve the CONTROL_FILES parameter and look for the existence of a \ in it—if we find one, we are on Windows: 16 function is_windows return boolean 17 is 18 l_cfiles varchar2(4000); 19 l_dummy number; 20 begin 21 if (dbms_utility.get_parameter_value( 'control_files', l_dummy, l_cfiles )>0) 22 then 23 return instr( l_cfiles, '\' ) > 0; 24 else 25 return FALSE; 26 end if;
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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■SETTING UP YOUR ENVIRONMENT xxvi
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■SETTING UP YOUR ENVIRONMENT xlii
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CHAPTER 1 ■ ■ ■ Developing Su
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CHAPTER 1 ■ DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 69 and even dat
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 71 all operatio
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 77 • To maint
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 79 • Resource
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 81 3 l_dummy nu
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 87 6 ( 7 TYPE O
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 89 A Brief Revi
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 91 Redundant Ar
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 93 (data from m
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 95 dictionary t
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 99 “accidenta
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 113 tkyte@ORA10
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CHAPTER 4 ■ ■ ■ Memory Struct
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CHAPTER 4 ■ MEMORY STRUCTURES 117
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CHAPTER 5 ■ ■ ■ Oracle Proces
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CHAPTER 5 ■ ORACLE PROCESSES 157
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CHAPTER 6 ■ LOCKING AND LATCHING
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284 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO cri
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298 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO ops
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338 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATABASE TABLES
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CHAPTER 11 ■ ■ ■ Indexes Inde
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 423 value of
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 431 The data
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 445 Indicate
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CHAPTER 13 ■ ■ ■ Partitioning
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Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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