Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 15 ■ DATA LOADING AND UNLOADING 683 ORGANIZATION external ( TYPE oracle_loader DEFAULT DIRECTORY SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000 The ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL clause tells Oracle this is not a “normal” table. We saw this clause before in Chapter 10 when we looked at IOTs. Currently there are three organization types: HEAP for a “normal” table, INDEX for an IOT, and EXTERNAL for an external table. The rest of the text starts to tell Oracle more about the external table. The ORACLE_LOADER type is one of two supported types (in Oracle9i it is the only supported type). The other type is ORACLE_ DATAPUMP, the proprietary Data Pump format used by Oracle in Oracle 10g and later. We will take a look at that type in a subsequent section on data unloading—it is a format that can be used to both load and unload data. An external table may be used both to create a Data Pump format file and to subsequently read it. The very next section we encounter is the ACCESS PARAMETERS section of the external table. Here we describe to the database how to process the input file. As you look at this, you should notice the similarity to a SQLLDR control file; this is no accident. For the most part, SQLLDR and external tables use very similar syntax. ACCESS PARAMETERS ( RECORDS DELIMITED BY NEWLINE CHARACTERSET WE8ISO8859P1 BADFILE 'SYS_SQLLDR_XT_TMPDIR_00000':'demo1.bad' LOGFILE 'demo1.log_xt' READSIZE 1048576 SKIP 7 FIELDS TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' LDRTRIM REJECT ROWS WITH ALL NULL FIELDS ( "DEPTNO" CHAR(255) TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"', "DNAME" CHAR(255) TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"', "LOC" CHAR(255) TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' ) ) These access parameters show how to set up an external table so that it processes files pretty much identically to the way SQLLDR would: • RECORDS: Records are terminated by newlines by default, as they are for SQLLDR. • BADFILE: There is a bad file (a file where records that fail processing are recorded to) set up in the directory we just created. • LOGFILE: There is a log file that is equivalent to SQLLDR’s log file set up in the current working directory.
684 CHAPTER 15 ■ DATA LOADING AND UNLOADING • READSIZE: This is the default buffer used by Oracle to read the input data file. It is 1MB in this case. This memory comes from the PGA in dedicated server mode and the SGA in shared server mode, and it is used to buffer the information in the input data file for a session (refer to Chapter 4, where we discussed PGA and SGA memory). Keep that fact in mind if you’re using shared servers: the memory is allocated from the SGA. • SKIP 7: This determines how many records in the input file should be skipped. You might be asking, “Why ‘skip 7’?” Well, we used INFILE * in this example; SKIP 7 is used to skip over the control file itself to get to the embedded data. If we did not use INFILE *, there would be no SKIP clause at all. • FIELDS TERMINATED BY: This is just as we used in the control file itself. However, the external table did add LDRTRIM, which stands for LoaDeR TRIM. This is a trim mode that emulates the way in which SQLLDR trims data by default. Other options include LRTRIM, LTRIM, and RTRIM for left/right trimming of whitespace; and NOTRIM to preserve all leading/trailing whitespace. • REJECT ROWS WITH ALL NULL FIELDS: This causes the external table to log to the bad file any entirely blank lines and to not load that row. • The column definitions themselves: This is the metadata about the expected input data values. They are all character strings in the data file to be loaded, and they can be up to 255 characters in length (SQLLDR’s default size), and terminated by , and optionally enclosed in quotes. ■Note For a comprehensive list of all options available to you when using external tables, review the Oracle Utilities Guide manual. This reference contains a section dedicated to external tables. The Oracle SQL Reference Guide manual provides the basic syntax, but not the details of the ACCESS PARAMETERS section. Lastly, we get to the LOCATION section of the external table definition: location ( 'demo1.ctl' ) ) REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED That tells Oracle the name of the file to load, which is demo1.ctl in this case since we used INFILE * in the original control file. The next statement in the control file is the default INSERT that can be used to load the table from the external table itself: INSERT statements used to load internal tables: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ INSERT /*+ append */ INTO DEPT ( DEPTNO, DNAME,
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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