Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 15 ■ DATA LOADING AND UNLOADING 665 valid. These files are typically fixed-length input files to begin with. When using free-form delimited data, it is less likely that we will have a fixed-length file, as these files are generally of varying length (this is the entire point of delimited files: to make each line only as big as it needs to be). When using the FIX attribute, we must use an INFILE clause, as this is an option to INFILE. Additionally, the data must be stored externally, not in the control file itself, using this option. So, assuming we have fixed-length input records, we can use a control file such as this: LOAD DATA INFILE demo.dat "fix 80" INTO TABLE DEPT REPLACE FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' TRAILING NULLCOLS (DEPTNO, DNAME "upper(:dname)", LOC "upper(:loc)", COMMENTS ) This file specifies an input data file that will have records that are 80 bytes each. This includes the trailing newline that may or may not be there. In this case, the newline is nothing special in the input data file. It is just another character to be loaded or not. This is the thing to understand: the newline at the end of the record (if present) will become part of the record. To fully understand this, we need a utility to dump the contents of a file on the screen so we can see what is really in there. Using UNIX (or any Linux variant), this is pretty easy to do with od, a program to dump files to the screen in octal and other formats. We’ll use the following demo.dat file. Note that the first column in the following output is actually in octal (base 8), so the number 0000012 on the second line is in octal and represents the decimal number 10. That tells us what byte in the file we are looking at. I’ve formatted the output to show ten characters per line (using -w10), so 0, 12, 24, and 36 are really 0, 10, 20, and 30. [tkyte@desktop tkyte]$ od -c -w10 -v demo.dat 0000000 1 0 , S a l e s , V 0000012 i r g i n i a , T h 0000024 i s i s t h e 0000036 S a l e s \n O f f i 0000050 c e i n V i r g 0000062 i n i a 0000074 0000106 0000120 2 0 , A c c o u n t 0000132 i n g , V i r g i n 0000144 i a , T h i s i s 0000156 t h e A c c o u 0000170 n t i n g \n O f f i 0000202 c e i n V i r g 0000214 i n i a
666 CHAPTER 15 ■ DATA LOADING AND UNLOADING 0000226 0000240 3 0 , C o n s u l t 0000252 i n g , V i r g i n 0000264 i a , T h i s i s 0000276 t h e C o n s u 0000310 l t i n g \n O f f i 0000322 c e i n V i r g 0000334 i n i a 0000346 0000360 4 0 , F i n a n c e 0000372 , V i r g i n i a , 0000404 T h i s i s t h 0000416 e F i n a n c e \n 0000430 O f f i c e i n 0000442 V i r g i n i a 0000454 0000466 0000500 [tkyte@desktop tkyte]$ Notice that in this input file, the newlines (\n) are not there to indicate where the end of the record for SQLLDR is; rather, they are just data to be loaded in this case. SQLLDR is using the FIX width of 80 bytes to figure out how much data to read. In fact, if we look at the input data, the records for SQLLDR are not even terminated by \n in this input file. The character right before department 20’s record is a space, not a newline. Now that we know each and every record is 80 bytes long, we are ready to load it using the control file listed earlier with the FIX 80 clause. When we do so, we can see the following: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select '"' || comments || '"' comments from dept; COMMENTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "This is the Sales Office in Virginia " "This is the Accounting Office in Virginia " "This is the Consulting Office in Virginia " "This is the Finance Office in Virginia " You might need to “trim” this data, since the trailing whitespace is preserved. You can do that in the control file, using the TRIM built-in SQL function.
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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CHAPTER 1 ■ DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL
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CHAPTER 4 ■ MEMORY STRUCTURES 117
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338 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATABASE TABLES
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Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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