Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 15 ■ DATA LOADING AND UNLOADING 663 which results in the following: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> alter session set nls_date_format = 'dd-mon-yyyy hh24:mi:ss'; Session altered. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select deptno, dname, loc, last_updated 2 from dept; DEPTNO DNAME LOC LAST_UPDATED ---------- -------------- ------------- -------------------- 10 SALES VIRGINIA 17-oct-2005 12:03:03 20 ACCOUNTING VIRGINIA 01-jul-2005 02:23:54 30 CONSULTING VIRGINIA 21-oct-2005 01:24:00 40 FINANCE VIRGINIA 17-aug-2005 00:00:00 Now, one of three date formats will be applied to the input character string (notice that you are not loading a DATE anymore; you are just loading a string). The CASE function will look at the length and the contents of the string to determine which of the masks it should use. It is interesting to note that you can write your own functions to be called from SQLLDR. This is a straightforward application of the fact that PL/SQL can be called from SQL. How Do I Load Data with Embedded Newlines? This is something that has been problematic for SQLLDR historically: how to load free-form data that may include a newline in it. The newline character is the default end-of-line character to SQLLDR, and the ways around this did not offer much flexibility in the past. Fortunately, in Oracle 8.1.6 and later versions, we have some new options. The options for loading data with embedded newlines are now as follows: • Load the data with some other character in the data that represents a newline (e.g., put the string \n in the text where a newline should appear) and use a SQL function to replace that text with a CHR(10) during load time. • Use the FIX attribute on the INFILE directive, and load a fixed-length flat file. • Use the VAR attribute on the INFILE directive, and load a variable-width file that uses a format such that the first few bytes of each line specify the length in bytes of the line to follow. • Use the STR attribute on the INFILE directive to load a variable-width file with some sequence of characters that represents the end of line, as opposed to just the newline character representing this. The following sections demonstrate each in turn. Use a Character Other Than a Newline This is an easy method if you have control over how the input data is produced. If it is easy enough to convert the data when creating the data file, this will work fine. The idea is to apply a SQL function to the data on the way into the database, replacing some string of characters with a newline. Let’s add another column to our DEPT table:
664 CHAPTER 15 ■ DATA LOADING AND UNLOADING ops$tkyte@ORA10G> alter table dept add comments varchar2(4000); Table altered. We’ll use this column to load text into. An example control file with inline data could be as follows: LOAD DATA INFILE * INTO TABLE DEPT REPLACE FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' TRAILING NULLCOLS (DEPTNO, DNAME "upper(:dname)", LOC "upper(:loc)", COMMENTS "replace(:comments,'\\n',chr(10))" ) BEGINDATA 10,Sales,Virginia,This is the Sales\nOffice in Virginia 20,Accounting,Virginia,This is the Accounting\nOffice in Virginia 30,Consulting,Virginia,This is the Consulting\nOffice in Virginia 40,Finance,Virginia,This is the Finance\nOffice in Virginia Notice how in the call to replace we had to use \\n, not just \n. This is because \n is recognized by SQLLDR as a newline, and SQLLDR would have converted it into a newline, not a two-character string. When we execute SQLLDR with the preceding control file, the table DEPT is loaded with the following: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select deptno, dname, comments from dept; DEPTNO DNAME COMMENTS ---------- -------------- ------------------------- 10 SALES This is the Sales Office in Virginia 20 ACCOUNTING This is the Accounting Office in Virginia 30 CONSULTING This is the Consulting Office in Virginia 40 FINANCE This is the Finance Office in Virginia Use the FIX Attribute The FIX attribute is another method available to us. If we use this, the input data must appear in fixed-length records. Each record will be exactly the same number of bytes as any other record in the input data set. When using positional data, use of the FIX attribute is especially
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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