Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 15 ■ DATA LOADING AND UNLOADING 655 Another popular format is tab-delimited data, which is data separated by tabs rather than commas. There are two ways to load this data using the TERMINATED BY clause: • TERMINATED BY X'09' (the tab character using hexadecimal format; in ASCII, 9 is a tab character) • TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE The two are very different in implementation, as the following shows. Using the DEPT table from earlier, we’ll load using this control file: LOAD DATA INFILE * INTO TABLE DEPT REPLACE FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE (DEPTNO, DNAME, LOC) BEGINDATA 10 Sales Virginia It is not readily visible on the page, but there are two tabs between each piece of data here. The data line is really 10\t\tSales\t\tVirginia where the \t is the universally recognized tab escape sequence. When you use this control file with the TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE clause as shown previously, the resulting data in the table DEPT is ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select * from dept; DEPTNO DNAME LOC ---------- -------------- ------------- 10 Sales Virginia TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE parses the string by looking for the first occurrence of whitespace (tab, blank, or newline), and then it continues until it finds the next non-whitespace character. Hence, when it parsed the data, DEPTNO had 10 assigned to it, the two subsequent tabs were considered as whitespace, Sales was assigned to DNAME, and so on. On the other hand, if you were to use FIELDS TERMINATED BY X'09', as the following modified control file does: ... FIELDS TERMINATED BY X'09' (DEPTNO, DNAME, LOC ) ...
656 CHAPTER 15 ■ DATA LOADING AND UNLOADING you would find DEPT loaded with the following data: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select * from dept; DEPTNO DNAME LOC ---------- -------------- ------------- 10 Sales Here, once SQLLDR encountered a tab, it output a value. Hence, 10 is assigned to DEPTNO, and DNAME gets NULL since there is no data between the first tab and the next occurrence of a tab. Sales gets assigned to LOC. This is the intended behavior of TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE and TERMINATED BY . Which is more appropriate to use will be dictated by the input data and how you need it to be interpreted. Lastly, when loading delimited data such as this, it is very common to want to skip over various columns in the input record. For example, you might want to load fields 1, 3, and 5, skipping columns 2 and 4. To do this, SQLLDR provides the FILLER keyword. This allows you to map a column in an input record, but not put it into the database. For example, given the DEPT table and the last control file from earlier, we can modify the control file to load the data correctly (skipping over the tabs) using the FILLER keyword: LOAD DATA INFILE * INTO TABLE DEPT REPLACE FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'09' (DEPTNO, dummy1 filler, DNAME, dummy2 filler, LOC) BEGINDATA 10 Sales Virginia The resulting DEPT table is now as follows: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select * from dept; DEPTNO DNAME LOC ---------- -------------- ------------- 10 Sales Virginia How Do I Load Fixed Format Data? Often, you have a flat file generated from some external system, and this file is a fixed-length file with positional data. For example, the NAME field is in bytes 1 to 10, the ADDRESS field is in bytes 11 to 35, and so on. We will look at how SQLLDR can import this kind of data for us. This fixed-width, positional data is the optimal data format for SQLLDR to load. It will be the fastest way to process, as the input data stream is somewhat trivial to parse. SQLLDR will have stored fixed-byte offsets and lengths into data records, and extracting a given field is very simple. If you have an extremely large volume of data to load, converting it to a fixed position format is generally the best approach. The downside to a fixed-width file is, of course, that it can be much larger than a simple, delimited file format.
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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CHAPTER 4 ■ MEMORY STRUCTURES 117
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CHAPTER 8 ■ ■ ■ Transactions
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338 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATABASE TABLES
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CHAPTER 13 ■ ■ ■ Partitioning
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706 ■INDEX autonomous transaction
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