Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 597 they will not run at all or they will run without the benefit of the index. All of the data must be scanned and the entire index reconstructed from the table data. If the table is many hundreds of gigabytes in size, this will take considerable resources. “Live” Global Index Maintenance Starting in Oracle9i, another option was added to partition maintenance: the ability to maintain the global indexes during the partition operation using the UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES clause. This means that as you drop a partition, split a partition, perform whatever operation necessary on a partition, Oracle will perform the necessary modifications to the global index to keep it up to date. Since most partition operations will cause this global index invalidation to occur, this feature can be a boon to systems that need to provide continual access to the data. You’ll find that you sacrifice the raw speed of the partition operation, but with the associated window of unavailability immediately afterward as you rebuild indexes, for a slower overall response time from the partition operation but coupled with 100 percent data availability. In short, if you have a data warehouse that cannot have downtime, but must support these common data warehouse techniques of sliding data in and out, then this feature is for you—but you must understand the implications. Revisiting our previous example, if our partition operations had used the UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES clause when relevant (in this example, it would not be needed on the ADD PARTITION statement since the newly added partition would not have any rows in it), ops$tkyte@ORA10G> alter table partitioned 2 exchange partition fy_2004 3 with table fy_2004 4 including indexes 5 without validation 6 UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES 7 / Table altered. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> alter table partitioned 2 drop partition fy_2004 3 UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES 4 / Table altered. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> alter table partitioned 2 add partition fy_2006 3 values less than ( to_date('01-jan-2007','dd-mon-yyyy') ) 4 / Table altered. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> alter table partitioned 2 exchange partition fy_2006 3 with table fy_2006 4 including indexes
598 CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 5 without validation 6 UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES 7 / Table altered. then we would have discovered the indexes to be perfectly valid and usable both during and after the operation: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select index_name, status from user_indexes; INDEX_NAME STATUS ------------------------------ -------- FY_2006_IDX VALID FY_2004_IDX VALID PARTITIONED_IDX_GLOBAL VALID PARTITIONED_IDX_LOCAL N/A 6 rows selected. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> set autotrace on explain ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select count(*) 2 from partitioned 3 where timestamp between sysdate-50 and sysdate; COUNT(*) ---------- 6750 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=ALL_ROWS (Cost=9 Card=1 Bytes=9) 1 0 SORT (AGGREGATE) 2 1 FILTER 3 2 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'PARTITIONED_IDX_GLOBAL' (INDEX) (Cost=9... But there is a tradeoff: we are performing the logical equivalent of INSERT and DELETE operations on the global index structures. When we drop a partition, we have to delete all of the global index entries that might be pointing to that partition. When we did the exchange of a table with a partition, we had to delete all of the global index entries pointing to the original data and then insert all of the new ones that we just slid in there. So the amount of work performed by the ALTER commands was significantly increased. In fact, using runstats and a slightly modified version of the preceding example, we can measure the amount of “extra” work performed to maintain the global indexes during the partition operation. We’ll slide out FY_2004 and slide in FY_2006 as before, adding in the requisite index rebuild. This will be the sliding window implementation that causes the data to become unavailable due to the need to rebuild the global indexes. We’ll also then slide out FY_2005 and slide in FY_2007 using the UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES clause, to emulate the sliding window
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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CHAPTER 1 ■ DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL
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CHAPTER 11 ■ ■ ■ Indexes Inde
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