Apress.Expert.Oracle.Database.Architecture.9i.and.10g.Programming.Techniques.and.Solutions.Sep.2005

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CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING 559 6 ( partition part_1 tablespace p1, 7 partition part_2 tablespace p2 8 ) 9 / Table created. Next, we insert some data into the EMP table and then, using the partition-extended table name, inspect the contents of each partition: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> insert into emp select empno, ename from scott.emp 2 / 14 rows created. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select * from emp partition(part_1); EMPNO ENAME ---------- -------------------- 7369 SMITH 7499 ALLEN 7654 MARTIN 7698 BLAKE 7782 CLARK 7839 KING 7876 ADAMS 7934 MILLER 8 rows selected. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select * from emp partition(part_2); EMPNO ENAME ---------- -------------------- 7521 WARD 7566 JONES 7788 SCOTT 7844 TURNER 7900 JAMES 7902 FORD 6 rows selected. You should note that the data is somewhat randomly assigned. That is by design here. Using hash partitioning, we are asking Oracle to randomly—but hopefully evenly—distribute our data across many partitions. We cannot control the partition into which data goes; Oracle decides that based on the hash key values that it generates. Later, when we look at range and list partitioning, we’ll see how we can control what partitions receive which data. Now, we take one of the tablespaces offline (simulating, for example, a disk failure), thus making the data unavailable in that partition: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> alter tablespace p1 offline; Tablespace altered.
560 CHAPTER 13 ■ PARTITIONING Next, we run a query that hits every partition, and we see that this query fails: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select * from emp; select * from emp * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00376: file 12 cannot be read at this time ORA-01110: data file 12: '/home/ora10g/oradata/ora10g/ORA10G/datafile/p1.dbf' However, a query that does not access the offline tablespace will function as normal; Oracle will eliminate the offline partition from consideration. I use a bind variable in this particular example just to demonstrate that even though Oracle does not know at query optimization time which partition will be accessed, it is nonetheless able to perform this elimination at runtime: ops$tkyte@ORA10G> variable n number ops$tkyte@ORA10G> exec :n := 7844; PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select * from emp where empno = :n; EMPNO ENAME ---------- -------------------- 7844 TURNER In summary, when the optimizer can eliminate partitions from the plan, it will. This fact increases availability for those applications that use the partition key in their queries. Partitions also increase availability by reducing downtime. If you have a 100GB table, for example, and it is partitioned into 50 2GB partitions, then you can recover from errors that much faster. If one of the 2GB partitions is damaged, the time to recover is now the time it takes to restore and recover a 2GB partition, not a 100GB table. So availability is increased in two ways: • Partition elimination by the optimizer means that many users may never even notice that some of the data was unavailable. • Downtime is reduced in the event of an error because of the significantly reduced amount of work that is required to recover. Reduced Administrative Burden The administrative burden relief is derived from the fact that performing operations on small objects is inherently easier, faster, and less resource intensive than performing the same operation on a large object. For example, say you have a 10GB index in your database. If you need to rebuild this index and it is not partitioned, then you will have to rebuild the entire 10GB index as a single unit of work. While it is true that you could rebuild the index online, it requires a huge number of resources to completely rebuild an entire 10GB index. You’ll need at least 10GB of free storage
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Expert Oracle Database Architecture
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Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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■CONTENTS v Block Buffer Cache .
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■CONTENTS vii ■CHAPTER 9 Redo a
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■CONTENTS ix ■CHAPTER 12 Dataty
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Foreword “THINK.” In 1914, Thom
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■FOREWORD xiii Tom is an aficiona
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About the Technical Reviewers ■JO
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Introduction The inspiration for th
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■INTRODUCTION xix • Exposure to
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■INTRODUCTION xxi Chapter 3: File
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■INTRODUCTION xxiii Next up are t
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Setting Up Your Environment In this
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■SETTING UP YOUR ENVIRONMENT xlii
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CHAPTER 1 ■ ■ ■ Developing Su
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CHAPTER 1 ■ DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 71 all operatio
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 77 • To maint
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 79 • Resource
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 89 A Brief Revi
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CHAPTER 3 ■ FILES 91 Redundant Ar
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CHAPTER 4 ■ ■ ■ Memory Struct
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CHAPTER 4 ■ MEMORY STRUCTURES 117
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CHAPTER 5 ■ ORACLE PROCESSES 157
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CHAPTER 6 ■ LOCKING AND LATCHING
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CHAPTER 8 ■ ■ ■ Transactions
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284 CHAPTER 9 ■ REDO AND UNDO cri
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338 CHAPTER 10 ■ DATABASE TABLES
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CHAPTER 11 ■ ■ ■ Indexes Inde
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CHAPTER 11 ■ INDEXES 423 value of
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